scholarly journals Effect of growth hormone and growth media on the rooting and shooting of Zanthoxylum armatum stem cuttings

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
N. Phuyal ◽  
P. K. Jha ◽  
P. P. Raturi ◽  
S. Gurung ◽  
S. Rajbhandary
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Zanthoxylum Armatum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rooting Media

The common method of propagation is through seeds but seed germination in Zanthoxylum armatum is very low due to the presence of hard seed coat, which might be a great hurdle for large scale production of plantlets. So an attempt was made in this study to see the effect of different growth hormones, their concentrations and different rooting media on the rooting and sprouting of Z. armatum. The stem cuttings of Z. armatum were treated with two types of auxins namely Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) at different concentrations (2000 ppm, 3000 ppm and 5000 ppm), while the untreated cuttings were used as control. The cuttings were planted in three different rooting media: sand, neopeat and mix (containing a mixture of sand, soil and vermin-compost). The completely randomized design was used for the experiment. The total number of stem cuttings of Z. armatum used in the experiment was 1080 for 18 treatments in three replicates (20 cuttings per treatment x 18 treatments x 3 replicates). The experiment was set up in controlled greenhouse conditions at Dabur Nepal Private Limited Nursery, Banepa, Kavre District. The parameters evaluated were root length, shoot length and number of roots per cutting. The collected data were analyzed statistically using R-program with Agricola. Least significant difference (LSD) and Duncan multiple Range Test (DMRT), as mean separation technique was applied to identify the most efficient treatment in the rooting and shooting behavior of Z. armatum (Gomez and Gomez, 1984). Hormone concentration and growth media significantly affected the rooting and shooting ability of Z. armatum stem cuttings. IBA was found to be more effective than NAA. Neopeat medium was better than sand and mix media. The highest number of roots (6.5) and root length (11.6 cm) were recorded under IBA 5000 ppm in neopeat medium.

Vegetative propagation of Sitka spruce

1987 ◽  
Vol 93 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
Allan John ◽  
Bill Mason
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Commercial Trial ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Tissue Culture Techniques

SynopsisA combination of two vegetative techniques is seen as a possibility for large-scale production of juvenile, rooted Sitka spruce cuttings of improved genotype. Tissue culture techniques, under development, would be used to produce large numbers of stock plants for stem cuttings production. Cuttings techniques, currently under commercial trial, would be used to produce the rooted plants for forest establishment.

scholarly journals Somatic Embryogenesis of the Cedars of Lebanon (Cedrus libani)

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 461G-462
Author(s):  
S.N. Talhouk ◽  
M. Shmoury ◽  
R. Baalbaki ◽  
S. Khuri
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Cedrus Libani ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Significant Difference

Somatic embryogenesis offers a great potential for large-scale production of Cedrus libani, which is important not only as a forest tree, but also for the development of a timber industry. In an attempt to optimize conditions for embryogenic callus induction, we used zygotic embryos at different developmental stages as explants, compared different media, and used several hormone levels and combinations. Results indicated that post-cotyledonary immature embryos had highest induction efficiency. Four different media namely 1/2 MS, Durzan, Litvay's, and Von Arnold supplemented with similar hormone levels showed no significant difference in efficiency of callus induction. Induction frequencies of embryogenic callus from explants subjected to different hormone levels and combinations were dependent on the developmental stage of the explant.

scholarly journals Plant Growth Regulators in the in Vitro Cultivation of Acmella oleracea (L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Nastassja Kimberlly Lima ◽  
Eloisa Schneider Da Silva ◽  
Rayane Monique Sete Da Cruz ◽  
Pedro Henrique Riboldi Monteiro ◽  
Glacy Jaqueline Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation

Acmella oleracea is a tropical plant, typical of the northern region of Brazil. The species belongs to the Asteraceae family and has great therapeutic, pharmacological and industrial potential. A limiting factor for the production of this species on a large scale is the short life cycle. The tissue culture programs use synthetic hormones based on cytokinins, such as kinetin and benzylaminopurine (BAP) and auxins such as naphthalene acetic acid (ANA). The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of growth regulators on the production of Acmella oleracea "in vitro". The experimental test was carried out with control (C), without the addition of growth regulators and five treatments, composed of: (T1) 0.1; (T2) 0.3; (T3) 0.5 mg L-1 kinetin; (T4) 0.1 mg L-1 of BAP and ANA; (T5) 0.5 mg L-1 of BAP and ANA. The experimental design was a completely randomized block in a factorial arrangement with six treatments, three blocks and twenty-five repetitions per block. The evaluated parameters were: germination, root formation, aerial part length, root length, aerial part fresh mass and root fresh mass, aerial part dry mass and root dry mass. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (p <0.05) and compared using the Tukey test. The results showed that kinetin positively contributed to seed germination and aerial part dry mass development. Treatment 1 had the best results for the parameters root length, shoot length and root dry mass.

scholarly journals Effect of cutting position and vine pruning level on yield of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas L.)

1970 ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Ncube Netsai ◽  
Mutetwa Moses, Mtaita Tuarira
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Significant Difference

There is significant variation in yield of storage roots and vines of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) among farmers due to use of different cutting positions and pruning of vines at different levels. This study was carried out to establish the cutting position and the vine pruning level that give the best yield of both the storage roots and vines. The study was conducted in a 3x3 factorial arrangement in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Treatments included cutting position at three levels (apical cutting, middle cutting and basal cutting) and pruning at three levels, 0%, 25% and 50% respectively. Pruning was done. 50 days after planting. And storage root harvesting was done 100 days after planting. The two measurements were summed up to give the total vine weight. Storage root length, diameter and weight were measured at 100 DAP. Storage root length indicated significant difference (P<0.05) only among cutting positions with highest mean length (16.20 cm) obtained from apical cutting and the lowest (11.98 cm) from basal cutting. Storage root diameter, storage root weight and vine weight indicated significant interaction (P<0.05) of cutting position and vine pruning level. Highest mean root diameter and root weight were obtained from middle cutting and 25% vine pruning level, with the lowest being obtained from basal cutting and 50% vine pruning level. Highest vine weight was recorded from middle cutting and 50% vine pruning level, with the lowest being recorded from basal cutting and 0% vine pruning level. Both middle and apical stem cuttings can be recommended for higher storage root and vine yield. Vine pruning at 25% can be adopted for higher storage root yield while pruning at 50% can be suggested for higher vine yield.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Nanosize ZnO and Zn1−xFexO Powder for Infrared Absorption by Flame Aerosol Synthesis

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 904
Author(s):  
Hui Tian ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Taisheng Yang ◽  
Zili Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Aerosol Synthesis ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Significant Difference

In this study, nanosized ZnO and Zn1−xFexO powders were synthesized using the flame aerosol synthesis (FAS) method. The microstructure of the ZnO powder shows a significant difference with different precursor concentrations. By adding Fe to the precursor, nanosized Zn1−xFexO powder (x = 0~0.1) can be easily fabricated. The phase formation, microstructure, and infrared absorption properties were systematically investigated by XRD, SEM, TEM, and IR. With the substitution of Fe into the Zn site, lattice distortion occurred, resulting in excellent infrared absorption properties. Compared to other conventional synthesis methods, the FAS method has the advantages of high yield, high crystallinity, and low cost; furthermore, nanosized powder is easily obtained. The FAS method is believed to be one of the best choices for the large-scale production of ZnO and Zn1−xFexO powders.

scholarly journals Liquid media regulated growth of cinnamon nanoparticles: Absorption and emission traits

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 447-449
Author(s):  
Ali Aqeel Salim ◽  
Sib Krishna Ghoshal ◽  
Lau Pik Suan ◽  
Noriah Bidin ◽  
Khaidzir Hamzah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Target Material ◽  
Crystal Defects ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Laser Ablation In Liquid ◽  
Absorption And Emission ◽  
Liquid Suspension ◽  
Large Scale Production

Customized cinnamon-based nanostructures are of great demand for broad arrays of nanomedical, biomedical and photocatalytic purposes. Conventional methods for cinnamon nanomaterials production with desirable optical absorption and emission properties are still limited. This communication elucidates the role of growth media (liquid ethanol and methanol) in controlling the optical qualities of cinnamon nanoparticles (CNPs). Such CNPs of varied morphologies were prepared using pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) technique (a simple, an inexpensive, and an eco-friendly approach). In the PLAL process, clean cinnamon sticks (as target material purchased from supermarket) were ablated via Q-switched Nd:YAG laser pulse of wavelength 532 nm operated at optimum fluence of 5.73 J/cm2. As-synthesized CNPs were characterized at room temperature using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption and photoluminescence (PL) emission spectroscopy. Uniformly dispersed high purity colloidal CNPs with narrow size distribution was achieved. The UV-Vis absorption and the PL spectra of CNPs revealed prominent peaks. These observed distinctive absorption and emission traits of studied CNPs were ascribed to the effects of oxygen deficiency, quantum confinement, crystal defects and existence of cinnamaldehyde compounds. In short, the nucleation and growth of CNPs was significantly sensitive to the chemical character of liquid suspension that provided a favorable thermodynamic condition via entropy driven free energy minimization. It was demonstrated that the structural, morphological, physical, optical properties of such CNPs can be tailored by intuitively selecting the liquid growth media. This disclosure affirmed that the present systematic approach can constitute a basis for the large-scale production of CNPs effective for widespread applications.

scholarly journals Field Pretreatment of Crown Suckers for Propagating Hybrid Hazelnuts

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Lois Braun ◽  
Donald Wyse
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Corylus Avellana ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Propagation Methods ◽  
Corylus Avellana L

Abstract Hybrid hazelnuts [Corylus americana (Walter) x C. avellana (L.)] are being developed for their ecological and economic value as a new crop for the Upper Midwest, but lack of economically viable propagation methods is a significant bottleneck to their wide scale adoption. Thus far, mound layering has been the primary propagation method, but layering cannot produce the numbers of plants needed for large-scale production. Rooting hardwood stem cuttings is a possible alternative. In a factorial experiment, we evaluated two pretreatments, blanching with sawdust and application of IBA, applied to rapidly growing first year collar suckers in the field five months ahead of collection for rooting. These treatments simulated mound layering, but without girdling. Sawdust by itself significantly increased both quantity and quality of subsequent rooting, but IBA pretreatment in combination with sawdust produced even better results. Stem cuttings were rooted in a growth chamber, set at 22 C (72 F) and 60% relative humidity, with PAR of 320 umol.m−2 s−1 for 16 hours per day. The lack of heat stress in the growth chamber likely also contributed to relatively high rooting relative to the humidity tents used in previous trials. Index words: Propagation, Corylus americana (Walter), Corylus avellana (L.), rooting, etiolation. Chemicals used in this study: indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Species used in this study: hybrid hazelnuts [Corylus americana (Walter) x Corylus avellana (L.)].

Strand-spacing dependency on the tensile response of tri-component elastic-conductive composite yarns

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 1237-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Wang ◽  
Weidong Yu ◽  
Fumei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Electronic Textiles ◽  
Conductive Composite ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fabrication Procedure ◽  
Tensile Data ◽  
Strand Spacing ◽  
Wearable Electronic

This study focuses on the effect of strand spacing on the tensile behavior of tri-component elastic-conductive composite yarns (t-ECCYs). The fabrication procedure of t-ECCYs was previously reported using a modified ring frame. The tensile data were analyzed with SPSS using one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc Fisher’s least significant difference test (α = 0.05). The results demonstrate that with elevated strand spacing up to 14.0 mm, the breaking tenacity and extension at break of yarns increase, beyond which they reduce, and mean results were considered significantly different. Furthermore, a two-parameter Weibull distribution and box-whisker plot can be appropriately used to quantify the variability of tensile strength. It is evident that strand spacing plays a crucial role in influencing the structure and hence the final behavior of yarns. The shape of twisting triangle was obviously asymmetric, primarily due to modulus differences of its sub-strands in the resulting yarns. In particular, a bottom-and-right displacement of convergence points was observed with the increasing strand spacing. Finally, the electrical conductivity of t-ECCYs in various stretching states was characterized. With the superior conductivity under different stretching, t-ECCYs have tremendous prospects for wearable electronic applications. More importantly, desirable characteristics that are possibly possessed by the yarns are industrial weavability and knittability, which will pave a convenient but highly effective way for the large-scale production of wearable electronic textiles.

Germination potential of Sesbania cannabina in 2 Chromium (Cr) spiked growth media

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Kadir Ibne Kamal ◽  
Lesley Batty ◽  
Rebecca Bartlett ◽  
Suleiman Suleiman ◽  
Joanna Chustecki
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Sesbania Cannabina ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Submerged Soils ◽  
Significant Difference

&lt;p&gt;Sediments of the banks of the Buriganga River, Bangladesh, are contaminated with heavy metals from industrial activity, especially Chromium (Cr). These carcinogens pose a serious risk to human and environmental health (Nargis et al., 2018). Sesbania cannabina, a leguminous fodder crop with rapid growth and high biomass production, is found to be naturally growing in these areas (Sarwar et al., 2015) and may have phytoremediation potential (Varun et al., 2017). This study aims to determine whether Sesbania cannabina can be grown from seed under chromium stressed conditions to establish this species as a possible phyto-extractor.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this experiment toxicity testing of Chromium (K&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;Cr&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;7&lt;/sub&gt;) on seed germination was carried out using two growth media: Murashige and Skoog basal medium (MS0); and filter paper (Whatman Grad 1), by top of media or top of paper method respectively. In all cases, seeds were germinated under controlled conditions; 12 h full spectrum light at temperature 28&amp;#176;C &amp;#177; 1&amp;#176;C and relative humidity of ~ 75% for 5 days. Seeds were pre-treated with H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (6% v/v) for 5 minutes and primed with 65&amp;#176;C water for 5 minutes, before the addition of Cr. Under low Cr concentrations (0 to 50 ppm) there was no significant effect observed in germination or root length. Under high Cr concentrations 98-100% of seeds germinated in both growth media, but root length decreased to almost half that of controls in &amp;#8805; 500 ppm Cr, and root elongation was negligible or stopped in &amp;#8805; 1000 ppm Cr. Confocal micrographs (stained with propidium iodide) indicate that damage to the cell wall of lateral root tips of germinated seeds increased with the concentration of Cr. There was no significant difference observed between the two growth media.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thus it can be concluded that Sesbenia cannabina can tolerate Cr contamination, and is able to germinate and grow in up to 500 ppm Cr. Given the ability of SC to grow in semi-arid to sub-humid climates, and a range of environmental conditions including seasonally submerged soils, there is great potential for SC to be adopted as a tool for phytoremediation of Cr contaminated soils in Bangladesh and elsewhere.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Effect of Indole Butyric Acid on Raising Plants from Stem Cuttings of Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) in The Nursery

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Enamul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Rate Versus ◽  
Rooting Media

A field experiment was conducted at the central nursery of tea extension center of Bangladesh Tea Board in Bandarban during September to November, 2015 to determine the precise concentration of Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) on propagation through stem cuttings of tea. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with four treatments of IBA concentrations: 0 ppm (Control), 2000 ppm, 4000 ppm and 6000 ppm and each treatment was replicated four times. Basal part of tea (BT-2 variety) cuttings were dipped in different IBA concentrations for five seconds. Then these cuttings were dibbled into prepared soil mixture as rooting media. Cuttings were exposed to the rooting media for 90 days and then they all were removed carefully to assess the variation of establishment of cuttings. IBA treated cuttings showed better effect on the rooting rate, root length, root number, shoot length and survival rate compared to the control. It was noted that cuttings treated with 4000 ppm IBA produced the highest rooting rate 79.85%, the highest survival rate 57.60% and the highest root length of 4.85 cm followed by treatment 6000 ppm IBA. In case of all parameters, effects of the treatments 4000 ppm and 6000 ppm of IBA were statistically similar. Positive and strong correlation was observed both in rooting rate versus survival rate and root length versus shoot length in IBA treated cuttings. Thus, IBA at 4000 ppm concentration was recommended for establishment of stem cuttings of tea (BT-2 variety) in the nursery.The Agriculturists 2016; 14(2) 124-129

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