Strand-spacing dependency on the tensile response of tri-component elastic-conductive composite yarns

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 1237-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Wang ◽  
Weidong Yu ◽  
Fumei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Electronic Textiles ◽  
Conductive Composite ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fabrication Procedure ◽  
Tensile Data ◽  
Strand Spacing ◽  
Wearable Electronic

This study focuses on the effect of strand spacing on the tensile behavior of tri-component elastic-conductive composite yarns (t-ECCYs). The fabrication procedure of t-ECCYs was previously reported using a modified ring frame. The tensile data were analyzed with SPSS using one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc Fisher’s least significant difference test (α = 0.05). The results demonstrate that with elevated strand spacing up to 14.0 mm, the breaking tenacity and extension at break of yarns increase, beyond which they reduce, and mean results were considered significantly different. Furthermore, a two-parameter Weibull distribution and box-whisker plot can be appropriately used to quantify the variability of tensile strength. It is evident that strand spacing plays a crucial role in influencing the structure and hence the final behavior of yarns. The shape of twisting triangle was obviously asymmetric, primarily due to modulus differences of its sub-strands in the resulting yarns. In particular, a bottom-and-right displacement of convergence points was observed with the increasing strand spacing. Finally, the electrical conductivity of t-ECCYs in various stretching states was characterized. With the superior conductivity under different stretching, t-ECCYs have tremendous prospects for wearable electronic applications. More importantly, desirable characteristics that are possibly possessed by the yarns are industrial weavability and knittability, which will pave a convenient but highly effective way for the large-scale production of wearable electronic textiles.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Nanosize ZnO and Zn1−xFexO Powder for Infrared Absorption by Flame Aerosol Synthesis

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 904
Author(s):  
Hui Tian ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Taisheng Yang ◽  
Zili Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Aerosol Synthesis ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Significant Difference

In this study, nanosized ZnO and Zn1−xFexO powders were synthesized using the flame aerosol synthesis (FAS) method. The microstructure of the ZnO powder shows a significant difference with different precursor concentrations. By adding Fe to the precursor, nanosized Zn1−xFexO powder (x = 0~0.1) can be easily fabricated. The phase formation, microstructure, and infrared absorption properties were systematically investigated by XRD, SEM, TEM, and IR. With the substitution of Fe into the Zn site, lattice distortion occurred, resulting in excellent infrared absorption properties. Compared to other conventional synthesis methods, the FAS method has the advantages of high yield, high crystallinity, and low cost; furthermore, nanosized powder is easily obtained. The FAS method is believed to be one of the best choices for the large-scale production of ZnO and Zn1−xFexO powders.

scholarly journals Accumulation of Selected Metal Elements in Fruiting Bodies of Oyster Mushroom

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Marcel Golian ◽  
Alžbeta Hegedűsová ◽  
Ivana Mezeyová ◽  
Zuzana Chlebová ◽  
Ondrej Hegedűs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Synergistic Relationships ◽  
Selection Of

The species Pleurotus ostreatus is a commercially, gastronomically, and biotechnologically important fungus. Its strain variability has been little researched. The study provides an evaluation of 59 oyster mushroom production strains in terms of the ability to accumulate selected metals in the cap and stipe. The fruiting bodies were grown under identical model conditions on straw substrate. Metal concentrations (ET-AAS) in dry fruiting bodies ranged in values 1.7–22.4 mg kg−1 for Al, 2.6–9.7 mg kg−1 Ba, 199–4560 mg kg−1 Ca, 1.7–12.0 mg kg−1 Cu, 12–120 mg kg−1 Fe, 16,000–49,500 mg kg−1 K, 876–2400 mg kg−1 Mg, 0.39–11.0 mg kg−1 Mn, 46–920 mg kg−1 Na and 11–920 mg kg−1 for Zn. More Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Zn accumulated in the cap, while in the stipe Ba was amassed. No significant difference was found between Al, Ca and Na between the accumulation in the cap and the stipe. Furthermore, the dependence of metal uptake from the substrate depending on the fortification of the substrate was confirmed. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) synergistic relationships were shown in pairs Al and Ba, Al and Fe, Ba and Na, Ba and Ca, Ca and Na, Cu and Fe, Fe and Mn, Fe and Zn, K and Mg, K and Mn, K and Zn, Mg and Mn, Mg and Na, Mg and Zn and Mn and Zn in the substrate without the addition of sodium selenate to the substrate. Altered relationships were observed after the application of sodium selenate to the substrate, synergism of Se and Ni, Se and Co and Se and Hg, Cu and Mn, Cu and Fe, Zn and Co, Zn and Ni, Zn and Hg, Mn and Fe, Mn and Cr, Co and Ni, Co and Hg, Ni and Hg, Pb and Cd. The findings of the study may help in the selection of production strains with hypercumulative properties for a particular metal and subsequent use in the addition of fortified fruiting bodies (e.g., with Zn). Based on the study the strains less sensitive to the accumulation of hazardous metals is possible to select for large-scale production, which is important from the perspective of food safety.

scholarly journals Coral platy fish Xiphophorus maculatus hormonal induction to improve mass spawning efficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189
Author(s):  
Fajar Maulana ◽  
Muhammad Zairin Jr. ◽  
Alimuddin Alimuddin ◽  
Mitra Abadi ◽  
Adhana Nur Fitrih
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Xiphophorus Maculatus ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Treatment Dose ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Size Uniformity

Coral platy fish has a unique reproduction due to ovoviviparous (live-bearer) reproduction. The large scale production of coral platy fish has several constraints due to the inconsistent seed birth period, which causes variations in the fry size. This makes it difficult for ornamental fish cultivators for production process efficiency and market criteria fulfillment that demands size uniformity. This study aimed to synchronize the broodstock birth period of coral platy fish by testing the hormone oxytocin and prostaglandin-2 α (PGF2α) through immersion methods with different durations. This study used a factorial randomized design with 21 treatments and 3 replications for each hormone type. The PGF2α hormone doses used were 0; 0.01; 0.1 and 1 mL/L, while the oxytocin hormone doses used were 0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.4 mL/L with immersion duration of 4, 8, and 12 hours, respectively. The results showed that the treatment dose of 1 mL/LPGF2α with 12 hour duration had a significant effect (p <0.05) compared  to other treatments, the immersion group with 12 hour duration obtained a significant difference to the length of other treatments both at the percentage of broodstock giving birth and number of seeds. The hormone treatment had no significant effect on broodstock and seed survival (p> 0.05).   Keywords:mass induction, oxytocin, prostaglandin-e2 α (PGF2α), mass birth, livebearer   ABSTRAK Ikan plati koral memiliki reproduksi yang unik karena bereproduksi secara ovovivipar (livebearer). Produksi ikan plati koral dalam skala besar dihadapkan kendala akibat waktu kelahiran anak yang tidak serentak yang menyebabkan keberagaman ukuran anak ikan plati koral.  Hal ini menyulitkan para pembudidaya ikan hias untuk efisiensi proses produksi dan memenuhi kriteria pasar yang menuntut keseragaman ukuran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyeragamkan waktu kelahiran anak induk ikan plati koral dengan uji coba pemberian hormon oksitosin dan prostaglandin-2 α (PGF2α) melalui metode perendaman dengan durasi waktu yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak faktorial dengan 21 perlakuan dengan 3 kali ulangan untuk masing-masing jenis hormon. Dosis hormon PGF2α yang diuji adalah 0; 0,01; 0,1 dan 1 mL/L, sedangkan dosis hormon oksitosin yang digunakan adalah 0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.4 mL/L dengan masing-masing lama perendaman 4, 8, dan 12 jam. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan dosis 1 mL/L PGF2α dengan lama waktu perendaman 12 jam memberikan pengaruh yang nyata (p <0.05) dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya, kelompok perendaman dengan durasi 12 jam memberikan perbedaan yang nyata terhadap lama perlakuan lain baik pada parameter persetasi induk melahirkan dan jumlah anak yang dilahirkan. Perlakuan hormon tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap kelangsungan hidup induk dan anak yang dilahirkan (p >0.05).   Kata kunci: induksi massal, Oksitosin, prostaglandin-2 α (PGF2α), kelahiran masal, livebearer

I. S. A. Baud. Forms of Production and Women's Labour: Gender Aspects of Industrialisation in India and Mexico. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 1992. 321 pp.Hardbound. Price: Indian Rs 295.00.

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-131
Author(s):  
Naureen Talha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Mexican Society ◽  
Small Production

The literature on female labour in Third World countries has become quite extensive. India, being comparatively more advanced industrially, and in view of its size and population, presents a pictures of multiplicity of problems which face the female labour market. However, the author has also included Mexico in this analytical study. It is interesting to see the characteristics of developing industrialisation in two different societies: the Indian society, which is conservative, and the Mexican society, which is progressive. In the first chapter of the book, the author explains that he is not concerned with the process of industrialisation and female labour employed at different levels of work, but that he is interested in forms of production and women's employment in large-scale production, petty commodity production, marginal small production, and self-employment in the informal sector. It is only by analysis of these forms that the picture of females having a lower status is understood in its social and political setting.

An Efficient and Improved Process for the Synthesis of Itopride Hydrochloride and Trimethobenzamide Hydrochloride

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ponnusamy Kannan ◽  
Samuel I.D. Presley ◽  
Pallikondaperumal Shanmugasundaram ◽  
Nagapillai Prakash ◽  
Deivanayagam Easwaramoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Hydrochloride Salt ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Non Ulcer Dyspepsia ◽  
Itopride Hydrochloride ◽  
Yield And Purity

Aim and Objective: Itopride is a prokinetic agent used for treating conditions like non-ulcer dyspepsia. Itopride is administered as its hydrochloride salt. Trimethobenzamide is used for treating nausea and vomiting and administered as its hydrochloride salt. The aim is to develop a novel and environmental friendly method for large-scale production of itopride and trimethobenzamide. Materials and Methods: Itopride and trimethobenzamide can be prepared from a common intermediate 4- (dimethylaminoethoxy) benzyl amine. The intermediate is prepared from one pot synthesis using Phyrdroxybenzaldehye and zinc dust and further reaction of the intermediate with substituted methoxy benzoic acid along with boric acid and PEG gives itopride and trimethobenzamide. Results: The intermediate 4-(dimethylaminoethoxy) benzylamine is prepared by treating p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride. The aldehyde formed is treated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The intermediate is confirmed by NMR and the purity is analysed by HPLC. Conclusion: Both itopride and trimethobenzamide were successfully synthesized by this method. The developed method is environmental friendly, economical for large-scale production with good yield and purity.

scholarly journals Cyanobacteria—From the Oceans to the Potential Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Shaden A. M. Khalifa ◽  
Eslam S. Shedid ◽  
Essa M. Saied ◽  
Amir Reza Jassbi ◽  
Fatemeh H. Jamebozorgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Marine Products ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Successful Phase

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms which represent a significant source of novel, bioactive, secondary metabolites, and they are also considered an abundant source of bioactive compounds/drugs, such as dolastatin, cryptophycin 1, curacin toyocamycin, phytoalexin, cyanovirin-N and phycocyanin. Some of these compounds have displayed promising results in successful Phase I, II, III and IV clinical trials. Additionally, the cyanobacterial compounds applied to medical research have demonstrated an exciting future with great potential to be developed into new medicines. Most of these compounds have exhibited strong pharmacological activities, including neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against HCMV, HSV-1, HHV-6 and HIV-1, so these metabolites could be promising candidates for COVID-19 treatment. Therefore, the effective large-scale production of natural marine products through synthesis is important for resolving the existing issues associated with chemical isolation, including small yields, and may be necessary to better investigate their biological activities. Herein, we highlight the total synthesized and stereochemical determinations of the cyanobacterial bioactive compounds. Furthermore, this review primarily focuses on the biotechnological applications of cyanobacteria, including applications as cosmetics, food supplements, and the nanobiotechnological applications of cyanobacterial bioactive compounds in potential medicinal applications for various human diseases are discussed.

scholarly journals A Review on Additive Manufacturing Possibilities for Electrical Machines

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1940
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Naseer ◽  
Ants Kallaste ◽  
Bilal Asad ◽  
Toomas Vaimann ◽  
Anton Rassõlkin
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrical Machines ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
One Step ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

This paper presents current research trends and prospects of utilizing additive manufacturing (AM) techniques to manufacture electrical machines. Modern-day machine applications require extraordinary performance parameters such as high power-density, integrated functionalities, improved thermal, mechanical & electromagnetic properties. AM offers a higher degree of design flexibility to achieve these performance parameters, which is impossible to realize through conventional manufacturing techniques. AM has a lot to offer in every aspect of machine fabrication, such that from size/weight reduction to the realization of complex geometric designs. However, some practical limitations of existing AM techniques restrict their utilization in large scale production industry. The introduction of three-dimensional asymmetry in machine design is an aspect that can be exploited most with the prevalent level of research in AM. In order to take one step further towards the enablement of large-scale production of AM-built electrical machines, this paper also discusses some machine types which can best utilize existing developments in the field of AM.

scholarly journals Stabilized Hydroxide-Mediated Nickel-Based Electrocatalysts for High-Current-Density Hydrogen Evolution in Alkaline Media

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuting Luo ◽  
Zhiyuan Zhang ◽  
Fengning Yang ◽  
Jiong Li ◽  
Zhibo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Critical Energy ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
High Current ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Electrochemical Water Splitting

Large-scale production of green hydrogen by electrochemical water splitting is considered as a promising technology to address critical energy challenges caused by the extensive use of fossil fuels. Although nonprecious...

scholarly journals Xylanolytic Bacillus species for xylooligosaccharides production: a critical review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozina Rashid ◽  
Muhammad Sohail
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Biological Impacts

AbstractThe capacity of different Bacillus species to produce large amounts of extracellular enzymes and ability to ferment various substrates at a wide range of pH and temperature has placed them among the most promising hosts for the industrial production of many improved and novel products. The global interest in prebiotics, for example, xylooligosaccharides (XOs) is ever increasing, rousing the quest for various forms with expanded productivity. This article provides an overview of xylanase producing bacilli, with more emphasis on their capacity to be used in the production of the XOs, followed by the purification strategies, characteristics and application of XOs from bacilli. The large-scale production of XOs is carried out from a number of xylan-rich lignocellulosic materials by chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis followed by purification through chromatography, vacuum evaporation, solvent extraction or membrane separation methods. Utilization of XOs in the production of functional products as food ingredients brings well-being to individuals by improving defense system and eliminating pathogens. In addition to the effects related to health, a variety of other biological impacts have also been discussed.

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