scholarly journals Effect of Drought Stress in Various Enzymes of Pennisetum glaucum

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minakshi Choudhary ◽  
Jayanand Manjhi ◽  
Anvesha Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Plant Structure ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Drought Resistant ◽  
Plant Level

Introduction: Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is an important cereal of traditional farming systems that has the natural ability to withstandvarious abiotic stresses such as drought, which is one of the most important manifestations of abiotic stress in plants. These plants havehowever evolved mechanisms that allow them to adapt and survive prolonged periods of water deficit at some level or form of plant structure,if not at the whole plant level. The hostile conditions augment the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during physiological stresses inplants which are combated by various enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms. The present study aims at examining the role of fourimportant enzymes namely Ascorbic peroxidase (APX), Peroxidase (POX), Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide Dismutase(SOD) expressed duringdrought stress in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum). Method: 12 and 22 days old seedlings of Pennisetum cultivar HHB-68 were subjectedto drought stress by treatment of 30% Polyethylene glycol for different time periods 30min (T1), 2hr (T2), 4hr (T3), 8hr (T4), 16hr (T5), 24hr(T6) and 48hr (T7) respectively, monitored by examining RWC of seedlings. The treatment seedlings were then used for investigating thelevels of enzymes activity in response to prolonged dehydration periods of 22 days. The enzyme activity of POX, APX, CAT and SOD wereassayed. Result: Enzymes expression was assayed for each treatment sets at both time intervals. Drought stress was observed to causeremarkable increase in POX, APX and SOD activity while incidence of CAT enzyme decreased with the increasing period of water deficit.Conclusion: Prolonged periods of water deficiency causes significant variations in expression of various enzymes in Pennisetum glaucum,known to be involved in ROS scavenging and drought stress management. The study provides a sturdy validation of the role of these enzymesas potent mechanisms undertaken by drought resistant plants for successful management of drought stress, which can be used for thedevelopment of more efficient and economic drought resistant cultivars.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.12278       Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 3(1): 134-138 

Seed and Seedling Biology of the Woody-fruited Proteaceae

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip K. Groom ◽  
Byron B. Lamont
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Comparative Biology ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Drought Resistant ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Great Scope

Within the Proteaceae, 353 species confined to 7 genera in the Grevilleoideae have woody fruits. The majority (> 70%) occur in fire-prone vegetation on nutrient-poor, summer-dry soils of south-western Australia. These species are characterised by large, winged seeds contained within serotinous follicles. Seed release is mediated by desiccation of the follicle walls resulting from fruit death, although wet–dry cycles are required in some genera. After release, germination must take place by the next wet season, as the seeds are not long-lived. Seeds are particularly high in protein (40–60%), P (1–2%) and Fe (10–60‰) compared with other Proteaceae. Seeds are favoured food for pre- and post-dispersal granivores (insects, birds, rodents) and young seedlings are favoured by herbivores (insects, marsupials), with the more serotinous fruits providing extra protection for their seeds. Successful establishment is facilitated by the protective and water retentive role of the testa during germination, and the remobilisation of N and P from the cotyledons to the seedling within 10 weeks of emergence. Drought stress reduces seedling establishment in otherwise favourable postfire microsites and prevents it (assisted by herbivores) in mature vegetation. Typically, < 10% of seeds released after fire become seedlings, and < 50% of these survive the first summer. Among fire-killed species, species that produce few seeds are more likely to have drought-resistant seedlings, often associated with larger seeds and/or needle-shaped leaves. Species that resprout after fire produce a few large viable seeds per plant, whereas fire-killed species produce many smaller seeds. Of all the Proteaceae, the ecology of woody-fruited species is best known, providing great scope for comparative biology studies.

scholarly journals Trehalose Protects Maize Plants from Salt Stress and Phosphorus Deficiency

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Motiar Rohman ◽  
Md. Robyul Islam ◽  
Mahmuda Binte Monsur ◽  
M. Amiruzzaman ◽  
Masayuki Fujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Combined Stress ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Hybrid Maize

This study was undertaken to elucidate the role of trehalose (Tre) in mitigating oxidative stress under salinity and low P in maize. Eight-day-old maize seedlings of two maize varieties, BARI Hybrid Maize-7 and BARI Hybrid Maize-9 were subjected to salinity (150 mM NaCl), low P (5 µM KH2PO4) and their combined stress with or without 10 mM Tre for 15-d.Salinity and combined stress significantly inhibited the shoot length, root length, and root volume, whereas, low P increased the root length and volume in both genotypes. Exogenous Tre in the stress treatments increased all of the growth parameters as well as decreased the salinity, low P and combined stress-mediated Na+/K+, ROS, MDA, LOX activity and MG in both genotypes. Under salinity and low P stress, the SOD activity increased in both genotypes, but the activity decreased in combined stress. POD activity increased in all stress treatments. Interestingly, Tre application enhanced the SOD activity in all the stress treatments but inhibited the POD activity. Both CAT and GPX activity were increased by saline and low P stress while the activities inhibited in combined stress. Similar results were found for APX, GR, and DHAR activities in both genotypes. However, MDHAR activity was inhibited in all the stresses. Interestingly, Tre enhanced CAT APX, GPX, GR, MDHAR and DHAR activities suggesting the amelioration of ROS scavenging in maize under all the stresses. Increased GST activity in presence or absence of Tre might involve in detoxification of hydroperoxides as well as leaf senescence. On the other hand, increased glyoxalase activities in saline and low P stress in BHM-9 suggested better MG detoxification system because of down-regulation of Gly-I activity in BHM-7 in those stresses. Tre also increased the glyoxalase activities in both genotypes under all the stresses. Tre improved the growth in maize seedlings by decreasing Na+/K+, ROS, MDA, and MG through regulating antioxidant and glyoxalase systems.

scholarly journals Effect of drought stress during grain filling in near-isogenic tall and dwarf hybrids of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum)

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mahalakshmi ◽  
F. R. Bidinger ◽  
D. S. Raju
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Dwarfing Gene ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYThe susceptibility to drought stress during flowering and grain filling of dwarf hybrids of pearl millet carrying the dwarfing gene d2 was investigated in 1987 at Patancheru, India, under field conditions during the dry season and, in the rainy season, under a rain shelter, using four pairs of near-isogenic tall and dwarf hybrids. Drought stress during grain filling reduced the number of grains per unit area and individual grain mass. Grain yields of the dwarf hybrids were lower than those of the corresponding tall hybrids in the unstressed control and under drought stress and were associated with a lower individual grain mass in the dwarf lines. In the dwarf hybrids, harvest index was similar to or better than that of the tall versions but a reduced biomass resulted in lower grain yields. Dwarf hybrids were not more adversely affected by water stress, however, than their tall counterparts, indicating that susceptibility to drought stress would not be likely to limit acceptance of new dwarf varieties.

Role of seed flow on the pattern and dynamics of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.) genetic diversity assessed by AFLP markers: a study in south-western Niger

Genetica ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clementine Allinne ◽  
Cédric Mariac ◽  
Yves Vigouroux ◽  
Gilles Bezançon ◽  
Emmanuel Couturon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Aflp Markers

Enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activities and primary photochemical reactions in response to foliar application of thiols in water-stressed pearl millet

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D’souza ◽  
N. Nathawat ◽  
J. Nair ◽  
P. Radha Krishna ◽  
N. Ramaswamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Thiol Compounds ◽  
Ps Ii

Primary photochemical reactions and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes chloroplastic superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were determined in water-stressed pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum L. cv. HHB-67) plants sprayed with the thiol compounds dithiothreitol (DTT), thioglycolic acid (TGA) and thiourea (TU) and the thiol modifiers 5,5′-dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) at the earhead emergence stage (47 days after sowing, DAS), together with a control. Sampling was done at 54 and 67 days after sowing. Photosystem I and II (PS I and II) activities (ferricyanide site) were found to increase in plants sprayed with TU, TGA and DTT at both stages (54 and 67 DAS), but a reduction in PS II activity (DCQ Site) compared with the control was caused by NEM (66.66%) and DTNB (27.77%) at 54 DAS. A similar decrease in the activity of PS II (ferricyanide site) was found at 67 DAS for DTNB (55.55%). The chloroplastic SOD activity increased in chloroplasts isolated from leaves sprayed with thiol compounds at both sampling stages, except for NEM at 54 and 67 DAS. The activities of GR and GST in the leaves were higher in thiol-treated plants than in the control at 54 and 67 DAS, while the lowest GR activity was seen for the sulphydryl modifiers (DTNB and NEM) in leaves at 54 DAS. The experimental data suggest an enhancement in the primary photochemistry and antioxidant enzyme activities of water-stressed pearl millet in response to foliar spraying with thiol compounds.

scholarly journals Comprehensive analysis of NAC transcription factor family uncovers drought and salinity stress response in pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambika Dudhate ◽  
Harshraj Shinde ◽  
Pei Yu ◽  
Daisuke Tsugama ◽  
Shashi Kumar Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Nac Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factor Family ◽  
Transcription Factor Genes ◽  
Nac Family

Abstract Background: Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is a cereal crop that possesses the ability to withstand drought, salinity and high temperature stresses. The NAC [NAM (No Apical Meristem), ATAF1 (Arabidopsis thaliana Activation Factor 1), and CUC2 (Cup-shaped Cotyledon)] transcription factor family is one of the largest transcription factor families in plants. NAC family members are known to regulate plant growth and abiotic stress response. Currently, no reports are available on the functions of the NAC family in pearl millet. Results: Our genome-wide analysis found 151 NAC transcription factor genes (PgNACs) in the pearl millet genome. Thirty-eight and 76 PgNACs were found to be segmental and dispersed duplicated respectively. Phylogenetic analysis divided these NAC transcription factors into 11 groups (A-K). Three PgNACs (-073, -29, and -151) were found to be membrane-associated transcription factors. Seventeen other conserved motifs were found in PgNACs. Based on the similarity of PgNACs to NAC proteins in other species, the functions of PgNACs were predicted. In total, 88 microRNA target sites were predicted in 59 PgNACs. A previously performed transcriptome analysis suggests that the expression of 30 and 42 PgNACs are affected by salinity stress and drought stress, respectively. The expression of 36 randomly selected PgNACs were examined by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Many of these genes showed diverse salt- and drought-responsive expression patterns in roots and leaves. These results confirm that PgNACs are potentially involved in regulating abiotic stress tolerance in pearl millet.Conclusion: The pearl millet genome contains 151 NAC transcription factor genes that can be classified into 11 groups. Many of these genes are either upregulated or downregulated by either salinity or drought stress and may therefore contribute to establishing stress tolerance in pearl millet.

scholarly journals Comprehensive tissue-specific proteome analysis of drought stress responses in Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. (Pearl millet)

2016 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 122-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arindam Ghatak ◽  
Palak Chaturvedi ◽  
Matthias Nagler ◽  
Valentin Roustan ◽  
David Lyon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Tissue Specific

scholarly journals Allelopathic interaction of pepper (Capsicum annuum) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) intercropped

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Radouane ◽  
Thouraya Rhim
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Intraspecific Interaction ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Allelopathic Interaction

Intercropping is common practice in many regions of Tunisia, particularly in Cap-Bon where different crops such as tomato, pepper, cucumber, peanut, corn, pearl millet and sorghum are grown together in the same field and at the same time for self-sufficiency. A number of these crops and vegetables are known for their allelopathic activities. The interaction between plants could be within the individuals of the same species (intraspecific interaction or autotoxicity) or between different species (interspecific interaction or teletotoxicity). Little is known about allelopathic interaction of some of these intercropped plants in mixed farming systems in our local conditions. Therefore, the objectives of the present investigation are to evaluate, under laboratory condition, the allelopathic effect of mixed crops, which interacted positively or negatively when cultivated together in the same field. Two plant species were used to study the effects of their aqueous extract on germination and growth of each other (pepper and pearl millet). The results suggested that aqueous extracts from shoots and roots significantly inhibited germination and seedling growth and the inhibitory effects were increased proportionally with the extract concentration. The shoot and root aqueous extract also exhibited intraspecific and interspecific allelopathy. Generally, it was observed that roots were more toxic than shoots. For root extract, the highest inhibition percentage was gained from the effect of pearl millet on pepper (40%) and highest autotoxicity was observed from pearl millet (36%). The effect of shoot extract on germination indicated that the highest reduction (55%) was obtained from pepper shoot extract on pearl millet and highest autotoxicity was observed from pepper which reached (45%). In most cases autotoxicity appeared to be more severe than teletotoxicity, on seed germination of the two intercropped plant species. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i1.9940 International Journal of Environment Vol.3(1) 2014: 32-40

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