scholarly journals Occlusal characteristics including spacing among preschool children: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Megha Pradhan ◽  
Shweta Dhital ◽  
Srijana Dahal ◽  
Ujjwal Joshi ◽  
Prabesh Sherchan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Primary Dentition ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Molar ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Permanent Occlusion

Background: Understanding the association between morphological aspects in the primary dentition and its transition to the permanent dentition provides the possibility of predicting the final permanent occlusion. Study on the occlusal characteristics in deciduous dentition in Nepalese population is limited. This study was aimed to assess the occlusal characteristics and spacing in primary dentition in preschool children. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among 432 preschool children around Kathmandu valley after getting permission from Institutional Review Committee of Kath­mandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital. Each child fulfilling the inclusion criteria was enrolled on the study only after their assent and their parent’s consent. The primary molar relation, canine relation, overjet, overbite was assessed using Foster and Hamilton criteria with the teeth in centric occlusion. Primate and physiological spaces were assessed. Data was collected and analysis was done in SPSS version 16. Results: Among the participants, (51.9%) were male and (48.1%) female. Primate spaces was seen to be absent on157 (36.3%) children. Physiological space was seen among 190 (44%) children. Flush terminal plane molar relationship was more prevalent among 294 (68%) chil­dren. Class I canine relationship was found in 257(59.5%) children. Ideal overjet was seen in 333 (77.1%) children and ideal overbite was seen among 337(78%) children. Conclusions: Favorable characteristics traits were seen in the studied population yet longi­tudinal studies are recommended to predict the possible outcome in permanent dentition.

scholarly journals Higher Termination of Brachial Artery in Cadavers in the Department of Anatomy of a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (240) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanzida Khatun ◽  
Diwakar Kumar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Reference Number ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Usual Site

Introduction: The main blood supply for arm is provided by the brachial artery. It shows variation in branching and termination patterns in some individuals. Variation in brachial artery may cause difficulties during various clinical and surgical procedures. The present study aims to find out the prevalence of higher termination of brachial artery in cadavers in the department of anatomy of a medical college. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from 10th January 2020 to 20th April 2021 after the ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of Nobel Medical College (reference number: IRC-NMCTH 280/2020). The study was done in 58 upper limbs of 29 properly embalmed cadavers. Convenient sampling was done. They were carefully dissected. The level of termination of brachial artery was noted. The length of the brachial artery and the distance between its termination and the intercondylar line of humerus was recorded. Results: Higher termination of brachial artery was observed in 3 (5.17%) extremities; one (1.72%) at middle third of arm and two (3.45%) at lower third of arm. In 52 (89.66%) extremities, the site of termination was at the level of neck of radius. The brachial artery terminated a few centimeters below its usual site at the level of upper part of shaft of the radius in 3 (5.17%) extremities. Conclusions: The prevalence of higher termination of brachial artery in cadavers is slightly lower than the studies performed in similar settings. It is not an uncommon finding. It may have impact on clinical and surgical procedures.

scholarly journals Demographic profiling of poisoning in Emergency Department of Kathmandu Medical College - A cross sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-96
Author(s):  
Anu Kushwaha ◽  
Pankaj Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Ethical Clearance

Background: Poisoning is a very common medico-social problem in our part of the world. It significantly contributes to the morbidity and mortality, which is a big concern and burden to our society. Objective: To determine the demographic profiling of poisoning in Emergency Department of Kathmandu Medical College. Methododogy: This is a cross sectional study conducted for the period of six months from March 2017 to September 2017 at the Emergency Department Kathmandu medical college teaching hospital. The study includes the cases of poisoning brought to the above mentioned institute for management. The data thus collected was entered in the SPSS and analysed to find the poisoning profile. Ethical clearance was taken from Institutional Review Board of Kathmandu Medical College. Results: A total of 40 cases of poisoning came to Emergency Department over the period of six months of which 14 (35%) were males and 26 (65%) were females. The mean ages for males were 32.07 years and females were 26.23 years. Regarding time of consumption 42.5% of cases consumed poison at night. The most common poison consumed was Organophosphorus (55%) and next in kin was paracetamol (15%). However, type of Organophosphorus could not ascertained due to lack of information from the patent party. Conclusion: People in the productive age groups are more prone to poisoning with various products due to stress or other social economic factors. Social education and strict rules and regulation for the sale of the pesticides can be useful in containing this problem.

scholarly journals Assessment of occlusal characteristics of the primary dentition: a cross-sectional study in Brazilian preschool children

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Bervian ◽  
Carlos Alberto Feldens ◽  
Paulo Floriani Kramer ◽  
Larissa Correa Brusco Pavinato
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Dentition ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The City

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the occlusal characteristics and prevalence of malocclusion among Brazilianpreschool children. Subjects and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1004 children aged 2-5 years enrolled in public preschools of the city of Canoas, RS, Brazil. A questionnaire was administered to guardians addressing demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral characteristics of the children and their families. The clinical exam was performed by previously calibrated dentists and the characteristics of the primary dentition were verified according to set criteria. Data analysis was performed through the chi-square test. Results: Stability in the sagittal and transverse planes of the posterior region, and a variability of incisal relations in the primary dentition were verified. The findings show high prevalence of malocclusion (70.3%) and its association with age. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of malocclusion in primary dentition, implementing educational programs and prevention measures for preschool children is highlighted.

Suicidal Death Autopsy Analysis at Dhaka Medical College

1970 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
MN Hossain ◽  
Z Rahman ◽  
S Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Autopsy Report ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Suicidal Death

A cross sectional study was carried out at the department of Forensic Medicine in Dhaka Medical College during the period of January 2008 to December 2009. Data were collected from 3rd copy of the post mortem reports which were preserved in the department of Forensic Medicine with the verbal consent of the doctors who performed autopsy report. During this period total 5114 autopsies were conducted. Out of this 970 cases (19%) were suicidal in nature. It was noticed that all suicidal deaths occurred from 10 years to all age group respectively, but top amongst age group of suicidal deaths occurred in between 21 to 30 years of people. Suicidal deaths are more common in female than male. Suicidal deaths due to hanging is highest, next common causes of death due to organophosphorus compund poisoning. Suicidal deaths by hanging is more in female than male but in poisoning cases male are more lvictimised than female. Objectives of our study are to see the occurrence and methods of suicidal death. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v40i1.9957 BMJ 2011; 40(1): 18-21

Malocclusion traits and sucking habits in preschool children: a cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Carla MASSIGNAN ◽  
Júlia Gonçalves Dos SANTOS ◽  
Marcos XIMENES ◽  
Mariane CARDOSO ◽  
Michele BOLAN
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Comparison of Heffner Criteria and Light Criteria in Differentiating Exudative and Transudative Pleural Effusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Krishna Chandra Devkota ◽  
S Hamal ◽  
PP Panta
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pleural Space ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Exudative Pleural Effusion

Pleural effusion is present when there is >15ml of fluid is accumulated in the pleural space. It can be divided into two types; exudative and transudative pleural effusion. Tuberculosis and parapneumonic effusion are the common cause of exudative pleural effusion whereas heart failure accounts for most of the cases of transudative pleural effusion. This study was a hospital based cross sectional study performed at Nepal Medical College during the period of January 2016-December 2016. A total of 50 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Pleural effusion was confirmed by clinical examination and radiology. After confirmation of pleural effusion, pleural fluid was aspirated and was analysed for protein, LDH, cholesterol. The Heffner criteria was compared with Light criteria to classify exudative or transudative pleural effusion. Among 50 patients, 30 were male and 20 were female. The mean age of patient was 45.4±21.85 years. The sensitivity and specificity of using Light criteria to detect the two type of pleural effusion was 100% and 90.9%, whereas using Heffner criteria was 94.87%, 100% respectively(P<0.01). There are variety of causes for development of pleural effusion and no one criteria is definite to differentiate between exudative or transudative effusion. In this study Light criteria was more sensitive whereas Heffner criteria was more specific to classify exudative pleural effusion. Hence a combination of criteria might be useful in case where there is difficulty to identify the cause of pleural effusion.

scholarly journals Association between socioeconomic status and dental caries among Chinese preschool children: a cross-sectional national study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e042908
Author(s):  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
Jialan Hong ◽  
Xueting Yu ◽  
Qiulin Liu ◽  
Andi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Index Of Inequality

ObjectivesSocioeconomic inequalities in oral health are often neglected in oral health promotion. This cross-sectional study assessed the association between dental caries and socioeconomic status (SES) among preschool children in China.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingData from the Fourth National Oral Health Survey of China (2015), comprising of 40 360 children aged 3–5 years was used.MethodsDental caries indicators including prevalence of dental caries, dental pain experience and number of decayed, missing and filling teeth (dmft). SES indicators included parental education and household income. The associations between SES and dental caries were analysed by using negative binomial regression or Poisson regression models according to data distribution. Relative and absolute inequalities in dental caries were quantified by using the Relative Index of Inequality (RII) and Slope Index of Inequality (SII), respectively.ResultsThere were significant associations between SES and prevalence of dental caries and dmft (p<0.001). Children from lower educated (RII 1.36, 95% CI 1.3 to 1.43; SII 0.97, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.13) and lower household income (RII 1.17, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.24; SII 0.55, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.75) families had higher dmft than those from well-educated and most affluent families. Relative and absolute inequalities in dental caries were larger in urban areas by household income, and in rural areas by parental education.ConclusionsAssociation between dental caries and SES was demonstrated and socioeconomic inequalities in dental caries existed among Chinese preschool children.

scholarly journals Pre-schoolers’ tooth brushing behaviour and association with their oral health: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqra Muhammad Khan ◽  
Shani Ann Mani ◽  
Jennifer Geraldine Doss ◽  
Mahmoud Danaee ◽  
Lydia Yi Li Kong
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parental Supervision ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plaque Score

Abstract Background Toothbrushing is an important yet neglected behaviour that affects the oral health of preschool children. Little is reported on parental supervision, an essential aspect of routine effective toothbrushing in this age group. The aim of this study was to evaluate pre-schoolers’ toothbrushing behaviour including parental involvement and its association with their oral health. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 92 preschool children (4–6 years) were invited to participate with their parents/guardians. Nine parameters of toothbrushing behaviour were assessed from parental responses (questionnaire) and observation of child and parents/guardians (video recording). Oral examination included recording plaque, gingival and dental caries indices. BORIS software was used to assess toothbrushing parameters and Smart PLS was used to perform association with a second-generation multivariate analysis to create models with and without confounding factors. Results Girls were slightly more (53%) than boys (47%). Children aged 4 years were slightly more in number (38%), followed by 6-year-olds and 5-year-olds. Nearly, 90% parents had tertiary education and 46% had more than 2 children. Differences were recorded in the reported and observed behaviour. Thirty-five percent parents/guardians reported using pea-size toothpaste amount but only 28% were observed. Forty percent reported to brush for 30 s–1 min, however 51% were observed to brush for 1–2 min. Half the children were observed to use fluoridated toothpaste (F < 1000 ppm) under parental supervision (11%). The mean (SD) plaque score reduction after toothbrushing was 10.80 (2.46), mean pre-brushing plaque score was 90.3 (10.2), mean gingival index was 0.89 (0.65) and mean dental caries status (ICDAS(1–6)) was 18.87 (12.39). Toothbrushing behaviour in terms of toothbrushing technique, duration, pattern and frequency, toothbrush type and grip type, toothpaste type and amount, post-brushing mouth rinsing and parental involvement contributed significantly to plaque score change (86%), dental caries status (73%), gingival index (66%) and pre-brushing plaque score (31%). The significant confounding variables had a small influence on oral health of preschool children. Conclusions Preschool children’s toothbrushing behaviour was inadequate while their oral health was poor, with a significant association between the two parameters.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence in Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Lubna Yasmin ◽  
Ferdousi Begum
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Stress Incontinence ◽  
Urge Incontinence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mixed Incontinence ◽  
Medical College

Objective: The objectives of the study were to find out the prevalence of urinary incontinencein women. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on five hundred one (501)women older than 18 years of age who were admitted in department of obstetrics andgynaecology of Shaheed Suhrawardi Medical College and Hospital from April to December2009, answered a questionnaire about urinary incontinence. They were grouped accordingto presence or absence of urinary incontinence (incontinent and continent) and type ofincontinence present (urge, stress and mixed). Results: Urinary incontinence was found in 104(20.8%) women, out of which 25 (24%)suffered from stress incontinence only, 21 (20.2%) suffered from urge incontinence and58(55.8%) suffered mixed incontinence. Conclusions: One in five women older than 18 years of age suffer from one or other formof urinary Incontinence. Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(1) : 59-62

scholarly journals Occlusal Characteristics and Spacing in Primary Dentition: A Gender Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhuri Vegesna ◽  
R. Chandrasekhar ◽  
Vinay Chandrappa
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Dentition ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Primary Molar ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Males And Females

Context. Occlusion in primary teeth varies among children of different populations and races. Aim. To assess and compare the occlusal characteristics and spacing in primary dentition among 3–6-year-old Dravidian children. Materials and Methods. The study included 2281 school going children. The primary molar relation, canine relation, overjet, and overbite were assessed using Foster and Hamilton criteria. Spacing conditions were registered according to Kisling and Krebs criteria. Results. The flush terminal plane molar relation (80.3%) was the most common primary molar relation. The distal step molar relation was more frequently found in female children (12.8%) than in males (8.6%). Class 1 canine relation was the most prevalent canine relation (81.3%) among males and females. Ideal overjet (84.3%) and overbite (72.7%) were observed among the majority of the children. Spaced type of arches occurred more frequently than closed arches in this sample. The incidence of primate spaces was more in males than in females. Conclusion. The study population has fewer deviations from normal occlusion which indicates decreased tendency for malocclusion in permanent dentition. However, further longitudinal studies are necessary to identify the potential limitations of a clinical approach relying on early orthodontic diagnosis and intervention.

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