scholarly journals Earth Block Construction in Nepal as Alternative to Reconstruction after the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Aayush Kasajoo ◽  
Ma Hongwang
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
2015 Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Reinforced Cement ◽  
Block Construction ◽  
Earth Block

 On April 25, 2015, 7.8 magnitude earthquake occurred in Central Nepal with epicentre in Gorkha District at 11:56 NST (local time). A major aftershock of magnitude 7.3 on May 12, 2015 resulted in enhancement of damages. Almost 800,000 buildings were fully or partially damaged. This paper highlights the different types of buildings in Nepal and the damage patterns recorded from the earthquake. Different causes of failures are highlighted for different types of building including masonry, wooden, reinforced cement concrete etc. 44.2% of the buildings in Nepal are masonry type which in fact performed the worst during the earthquake. One of the main reason was the poor quality of bricks used in the buildings. Most of the masonry buildings in Nepal are located in the rural areas where the economic condition of people are not up to the level. Utilization of local resources and people skill is important. Thus, as an alternative to it, we have put forward the idea of earth block construction which is not only earthquake resillient but lighter, greener sustainable and economical. Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2018, 14(1): 64-74

Poor quality of antenatal care services—Is lack of competence and support the reason? An observational and interview study in rural areas of Lao PDR

Midwifery ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanthanom Manithip ◽  
Kerstin Edin ◽  
Amphoy Sihavong ◽  
Rolf Wahlström ◽  
Hans Wessel
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Interview Study ◽  
Care Services

scholarly journals Evaluación del bloque de tierra mediante un Estudio De Viabilidad Constructiva (EVC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-69
Author(s):  
Ana Romero-Girón ◽  
Jacinto Canivell ◽  
María Reyes Rodríguez-García ◽  
Ana González-Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Technical Training ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Block Construction ◽  
Earth Block ◽  
Common Situation ◽  
Technical Safety

Although earth block construction (EB) is supported by numerous scientific works, there is a lack of confidence in its constructive viability, aggravated by the lack of specific technical training. In view of this uncertainty, which is widespread in Spain, it is necessary to provide well-founded technical responses. This article, considering these aspects, presents the design and validation of a tool to assess the constructive viability of EB. For this purpose, 29 case studies are chosen in Spain, which establish the constructive use determinations and indicators to assess a degree of technical suitability. This parameter, as a result of the proposed tool, acts as a support for decision-making, the improvement of the design and, the efficiency of the solutions that use EB. It concludes by validating the tool, demonstrating its reliability and adaptability to any situation. Finally, the case analysis shows how the quality of the product combined with adverse external conditions, even with correct construction designs, defines a common situation where the degree of suitability of the solution is reduced. Therefore, it is also necessary to demand products with guarantees and prescriptions that ensure and offer sufficient technical safety.

Public-Sector Project Abandonment Decision

2017 ◽  
pp. 188-215
Author(s):  
Kehinde Adekunle Adetiloye ◽  
Patrick Omoruyi Eke ◽  
Joseph Niyan Taiwo
Keyword(s):  
Poor Quality ◽  
Ricardian Equivalence ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Corruption Index ◽  
Deficit Financing ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Railway System

This chapter examines the implications of projects abandonment with test of the Ricardian Equivalence on the failed Lagos metro line project in Nigeria as case study. The main variables used are Rail and Pipeline Output, Budget Deficit, Interest Rate, Corruption Index, Savings and some others. The study results on the Ricardian Equivalence hypothesis on deficit financing of projects using Vector auto-regression model from 1980-2012 indicate that no causal influence holds in Nigeria. Results show that poor planning, corruption, political factors, poor support infrastructures, poor quality of local resources, etc. were attributable. The results of the Impulse Response tests reveal that Rail and Pipeline output and a few others responded positively to shocks in the short run (years 1-2), and negatively to others. The result affirms that Government should privatize the railway system, legislate against project abandonment and ensure that projects are adequately planned, funded, insured and insulated against corruption.

scholarly journals Preparing Globally Competent Teachers: A Paradigm Shift for Teacher Education in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
John Kwasi Annan
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Critical Thinking Skills ◽  
School Level ◽  
Teacher Competence ◽  
Secondary Sources

It is well known that quality and positive school outcomes are determined by teacher competence, sensitivity, and motivation which are summed as teacher quality. The role teachers play in shaping society requires that training of same must be of utmost priority of governments. With reference to the relevance of archival materials, the study relied mostly on observation and secondary sources of data with content analysis on training of teachers in Ghana. This study identified various elements that contribute to the quality of teachers which ultimately increases the quality of education. These included quality assurance of teacher education, initial training of teachers, deployment processes, professional growth, compensation, and regulatory bodies that ensure standards and compliance. The article also found out that low investments in teacher education, allowing nonprofessional graduates to teach, poor living, and working condition are deterrent to teachers from accepting postings to rural and deprived areas; lack of regular and consistent training for professional development and poor motivation packages for teachers are some of the reasons for poor quality in the education delivery at the basic school level. The study then advocates that teachers must be trained strictly by educational institutions only, aptitude test must be used to recruit teachers, intensify curricula reform to address critical thinking skills in teachers, institute regular development training for teachers, and motivate teachers who accept postings to rural areas.

scholarly journals Predictors of quality of life of older persons in rural Uganda:  A cross sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Maniragaba ◽  
Betty Kwagala ◽  
Emmanuel Bizimungu ◽  
Stephen Ojiambo Wandera ◽  
James Ntozi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government

Background: Little is known about the quality of life of older persons (OPs) in Uganda in particular, and Africa in general. This study examined factors associated with quality of life of older persons in rural Uganda. Method: We performed a cross-sectional survey of 912 older persons from the four regions of Uganda. Data were analyzed at univariate, bivariate and multivariate level where ordinal logistic regression was applied. Results: Older persons in northern (OR=0.39; CI=0.224-0.711) and western (OR=0.33; CI=0.185-0.594) regions had poor quality of life relative to those in central region. Those who were HIV positive had poor quality of life (OR=0.45; CI=0.220-0.928) compared to those who were HIV negative. In contrast, living in permanent houses predicted good quality of life (OR=2.04; CI=1.391-3.002). Older persons whose household assets were controlled by their spouses were associated with good quality of life (OR=2.06;CI=1.032-4.107) relative to those whose assets were controlled by their children. Conclusion: Interventions mitigating the HIV and AIDS related Quality of life should target older persons. The government of Uganda should consider improving housing conditions for older persons in rural areas.

scholarly journals Air quality indication in Blace (Southeastern Serbia) using lichens as bioindicators

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 893-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Stamenkovic ◽  
Svetlana Ristic ◽  
Tatjana Djekic ◽  
Tatjana Mitrovic ◽  
Rada Baosic
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Epiphytic Lichens ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Normal Zone ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The City ◽  
Southeastern Serbia

Air quality investigations have not been undertaken in Blace until now. Identifying the presence of different types of epiphytic lichens was performed in the summer 2012 in Blace (southeastern Serbia), and selected rural settlements around Blace, in order to establish the air quality of the area. The analysis of samples from described localities indicated the presence of 25 lichen taxa from 19 genera. Using the Index of Atmospheric Purity (IAP), it was found that there are 2 different air pollution zones in Blace: ?lichen desert? and ?transitional? or ?struggle zone?, which includes the periphery of the city. In these zones the air is moderately polluted. In the urban area of Blace there is no ?normal? zone, but one was detected in the surrounding rural areas.

scholarly journals To Evaluate Rural Power Consumers Consumption to Detect Power Thieving Activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 560-562
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rural Society ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Rural Electrification ◽  
Artificial Neural

Power Thieving Activities Evaluation To Rural Areas And Direct Point Connections To Small Rural Consumers Of Weaker Parts Of The Rural Society Is One Of The Major Reasons For Electricity Losses. Poor Quality Of Equipment Used In Rural Areas. Large Scale Rural Electrification Through Long 11kv And LT Lines. Artificial Neural Network Can Be Used To Classification And Detection Of Power Thieving In Rural Areas. Train Algorithm According Standard Features And Conditions Employs In Rural Area. Testing Will Give You Better Idea About Datasets According We Can Take New Decision.

scholarly journals Labour Efficiency of Dairy Farms with Different Types and Sizes in Hajdú-Bihar County

2006 ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
András Vántus
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Large Farms

Questions and uncertainties characterised the accession period of Hungary to the European Union. It is evident that only those producers can compete on the market who produce good quality products. Therefore, only dairy farms with extra high quality raw milk production will be successful. Furthermore, on this basis, rural areas will be able to keep their inhabitants one of the most important problems presently. The author examined the process of milk production and the labour efficiency of 18 dairy farms in Hajdú-Bihar County. Mechanization, the quality of the work force and the system of incentives were assessed. Data of produced milk quality were collected too. Because of farms with different types and sizes the circumstances of milk production differ greatly. As a result of data analysis it was found that the working schedule of small and large farms often differed. The most important working processes (milking, feeding, harvesting) are done by family members. In order to increase the efficiency and improve working atmosphere the improvement of wage and incentive systems would be desirable. Labour efficiency indexes show that the efficiency of tie-stall systems is lower than the efficiency of similar size loose-housing systems. It can also be stated; that labour efficiency of similar size loose housing dairies differs greatly so the importance of work-studies should be increased.

Knee Pain and the Use of Various Types of Footwear—A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 952-964
Author(s):  
Morad Chughtai ◽  
Jared Newman ◽  
Samuel Akil ◽  
Anton Khlopas ◽  
Assem Sultan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
United States ◽  
Knee Pain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Chronic Knee Pain ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Positive Results

AbstractKnee pain is a highly prevalent condition in the United States with multiple etiologies, with two of the most common sources being osteoarthritis (OA) and patellofemoral pain (PFP). These conditions can lead to reduced physical function and a poor quality of life. Various modalities have been used to decrease the amount of knee pain that individuals' experience; however, they are not always successful and can be expensive. Several studies have reported on specialized footwear for symptomatic alleviation of conditions that affect the knee, this is because it has been theorized that certain footwear can alter the forces placed by muscles on lower-extremity joints, and can potentially alleviate pain by reducing the load placed on the joint. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review the current literature on the use of various types of footwear used in patients who suffer from knee pain. Specifically, we evaluated: (1) knee OA and (2) PFP and the effect that different footwear has on patients' symptoms. Multiple different types of footwear and orthosis were utilized to treat patients with chronic knee pain. However, the results from reported outcomes by different studies are conflicting, which warrant further studies. Nevertheless, there are enough positive results to view this as a potential major modality to utilize for the treatment of knee OA.

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