scholarly journals Evaluation and mitigation analysis of carbon footprint for an airline operator: Case of Nepal airlines corporation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-33
Author(s):  
Sandeep Tuladhar ◽  
Tri Ratna Bajracharya ◽  
Shree Raj Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Occupancy Rate ◽  
Airline Operations ◽  
Ground Handling ◽  
International Sector ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Selection Of

This paper deals with evaluation and analysis of carbon footprint of an airline operator, Nepal Airlines Corporation (NAC) by using its actual flight and maintenance data from 2016 to 2019. NAC is a multi-fleet operator, of both turboprop and turbofan aircrafts. Carbon footprint in terms of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emission has been calculated for NAC’s airline operations per individual aircraft, fleet-type and operating sector (i.e., international and domestic), and total ground handling operations. In each of the study years, contribution to NAC’s total CO2 production from its domestic fleet was found out to be very small (below 6% of yearly total), even though its fleet number outnumbered that of international fleet. This indicates better optimization opportunities for international-sector (turbofan) aircrafts than domestic-sector (turboprop) aircrafts. Reductions in fuel on-board as per prescribed levels, better airport slot management and selection of long-haul flight destinations have been identified as potential mitigation strategies for CO2 emission from international sector. Smaller aircrafts operating in domestic sectors are more prone to variations in occupancy rate and as such, NAC could focus on optimizing its commercial strategy to improve its CO2/passenger rate in domestic sector.

Correlations of methane and carbon dioxide concentrations from feedlot cattle as a predictor of methane emissions

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Bai ◽  
David W. T. Griffith ◽  
Frances A. Phillips ◽  
Travis Naylor ◽  
Stephanie K. Muir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Animal Diet

Accurate measurements of methane (CH4) emissions from feedlot cattle are required for verifying greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting and mitigation strategies. We investigate a new method for estimating CH4 emissions by examining the correlation between CH4 and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations from two beef cattle feedlots in Australia representing southern temperate and northern subtropical locations. Concentrations of CH4 and CO2 were measured at the two feedlots during summer and winter, using open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. There was a strong correlation for the concentrations above background of CH4 and CO2 with concentration ratios of 0.008 to 0.044 ppm/ppm (R2 >0.90). The CH4/CO2 concentration ratio varied with animal diet and ambient temperature. The CH4/CO2 concentration ratio provides an alternative method to estimate CH4 emissions from feedlots when combined with CO2 production derived from metabolisable energy or heat production.

scholarly journals A Review of the Measurement Method, Analysis and Implementation Policy of Carbon Dioxide Emission from Transportation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5873
Author(s):  
Nur Fatma Fadilah Yaacob ◽  
Muhamad Razuhanafi Mat Yazid ◽  
Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud ◽  
Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Implementation Policy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Method Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

This paper presents a review of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from transportation in an attempt to establish a quick and suboptimal update of the methods used to calculate and analyze CO2 emissions from transportation. Transportation is the largest contributor to air pollution through the release of high amounts of CO2 gas into the atmosphere. The methods for calculating and analyzing the carbon footprint of transportation; which is of critical importance in the management of greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming; are still being developed. However; there are some differences in the definitions and methods used to calculate the carbon footprint of transportation in previous studies. This review focuses on the similarities of the methods used to measure CO2 emissions as well as the analyses used to evaluate the emissions. This paper will also highlight the advantages and limitations of each research work. By doing this; the present study contributes to the selection of appropriate methods for calculating CO2 emissions from transportation and draws attention to environmental issues. It is hoped that the implementation of the most appropriate framework will help to reduce CO2 emissions from transportation

scholarly journals Carbon Footprint of Royal Jordanian Airlines Ground and Air Operations

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Abdul Ghani Albaali ◽  
Rita Haddad ◽  
Motasem Saidan ◽  
Majid Zeki Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Aircraft Engines ◽  
Green House Gas ◽  
Aircraft Fuel ◽  
Sulphur Oxides ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
First Time

Aviation is different from other energy-using activities. Currently it makes about 2% of the global CO2 emission but it is rising fast. This will negatively affecting on the environment and urges us to pay more attention to the risks of travelling on environment The principal aviation emissions include the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor (H2O), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx), and soot. The emissions affect the climate through various mechanisms. CO2 has a long atmospheric residence time of about 100 years. It is well mixed throughout the atmosphere and affects the global climate as a green house gas. Aircraft engines represent an increasing and potent source of greenhouse gas emissions, due in part to the unprecedented growth in air travel. This study highlights for the first time the importance and carbon footprint of Royal Jordanian Airlines aircraft fuel in producing CO₂ airborne emissions as well as emissions generated during the flight due to the use of wide variety of products and equipment.

THE KIDS CALCULATOR: WHAT’S YOUR FOOTPRINT?

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Romiza Md Nor ◽  
Haleeda Azwa Abdul Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

There are various ways to reduce the amount of CO2 emission. This paper investigates the effectiveness of using a medium which is an interactive web based carbon footprint calculator for kids called CFCkids. CFCkids is developed to allow children to calculate their carbon footprint based on their daily activities that contribute to the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) for educational purposes. CFCkids also provides information about climate change and tips to reduce carbon footprint. Evaluation on usability and content had been conducted with children aged ten to twelve years old. From the findings, it has been discovered that CFCkids can increase the knowledge of children about climate change and how they can naturalize the environment from the result of their carbon footprint calculation.  

scholarly journals Life-Cycle Assessment of Carbon Footprint of Bike-Share and Bus Systems in Campus Transit

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Sishen Wang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Pengyu Xie ◽  
Xiaodan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Bus System ◽  
Bike Share

Low-carbon transport system is desired for sustainable cities. The study aims to compare carbon footprint of two transportation modes in campus transit, bus and bike-share systems, using life-cycle assessment (LCA). A case study was conducted for the four-campus (College Ave, Cook/Douglass, Busch, Livingston) transit system at Rutgers University (New Brunswick, NJ). The life-cycle of two systems were disaggregated into four stages, namely, raw material acquisition and manufacture, transportation, operation and maintenance, and end-of-life. Three uncertain factors—fossil fuel type, number of bikes provided, and bus ridership—were set as variables for sensitivity analysis. Normalization method was used in two impact categories to analyze and compare environmental impacts. The results show that the majority of CO2 emission and energy consumption comes from the raw material stage (extraction and upstream production) of the bike-share system and the operation stage of the campus bus system. The CO2 emission and energy consumption of the current campus bus system are 46 and 13 times of that of the proposed bike-share system, respectively. Three uncertain factors can influence the results: (1) biodiesel can significantly reduce CO2 emission and energy consumption of the current campus bus system; (2) the increased number of bikes increases CO2 emission of the bike-share system; (3) the increase of bus ridership may result in similar impact between two systems. Finally, an alternative hybrid transit system is proposed that uses campus buses to connect four campuses and creates a bike-share system to satisfy travel demands within each campus. The hybrid system reaches the most environmentally friendly state when 70% passenger-miles provided by campus bus and 30% by bike-share system. Further research is needed to consider the uncertainty of biking behavior and travel choice in LCA. Applicable recommendations include increasing ridership of campus buses and building a bike-share in campus to support the current campus bus system. Other strategies such as increasing parking fees and improving biking environment can also be implemented to reduce automobile usage and encourage biking behavior.

scholarly journals There is a silver lining: carbon footprint reduction by holding Preventive Cardiology conference 2020 virtually

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Batool ◽  
A Neven ◽  
Y Vanrompay ◽  
M Adnan ◽  
P Dendale
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
Preventive Cardiology ◽  
Transport Modes

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): Special Research Fund (BOF), Hasselt University Introduction The transportation sector is one of the major sectors influencing climate change, contributing around 16% of total Greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Aviation contributes to 12% of the transport related emissions. Among other climate change impacts, elevated heat exposure is associated with increased cardiac events and exposure to air pollution caused by GHG emissions has also well-known association with increased cardiovascular related morbidity and mortality. The global temperature rise should be restricted to less than 2 °C which requires keeping carbon emission (CO2) less than 2900 billion tonnes by the end of the 21st century. Assuming air travel a major contributing source to GHG, this study aims to raise the awareness about potential carbon emissions reduction due to air travel of international events like a scientific conference. Purpose Due to the global pandemic of COVID-19, the Preventive cardiology conference 2020 which was planned to be held at Malaga Spain, instead was held in virtual online way. This study aims to calculate the contribution of reduced CO2  emissions in tons due to ESC preventive cardiology conference 2020, which was then held online and air travel of the registered participants was avoided. Methods Anonymized participant registration information was used to determine the country and city of the 949 registered participants of the Preventive Cardiology conference 2020. It is assumed that participants would have travelled from the closest airports from their reported city locations to Malaga airport, Spain. At first, the closest city airports were determined using Google maps and flights information, then the flight emissions (direct and indirect CO2-equivalent emissions) per passenger for the given flight distances were calculated. The CO2 emissions (tons) were calculated for round trips in economy class from the participants of 68 nationalities (excluding 60 participants from Spain as they are assumed to take other modes of transport than airplane). Results In total, 1156.51 tons of CO2  emissions were saved by turning the physical conference into a virtual event. This emission amount is equivalent to the annual CO2 production of 108 people living in high-income countries. Conclusion The pandemic situation has forced us to rethink the necessity of trips by air and has shown us the feasibility of digitally organized events. The information from this study can add to the awareness about reduced amount of carbon emission due to air travel by organizing events in a virtual way when possible. Apart from only digitally organized events there are others options to reduce the carbon footprint of conferences such as limiting the number of physical attendees, encouraging the use of relatively sustainable transport modes for participants from nearby countries (e.g. international trains and use of active transport modes at conference venue etc.) and including CO2 emission offsetting costs.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Renewable Energy and CO2 Emission Levels Nexus at an EU Level: A Panel Data Regression Approach

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Mihail Busu ◽  
Alexandra Catalina Nedelcu
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Urbanization Level ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Impact

In the past decades, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have become an important issue for many researchers and policy makers. The focus of scientists and experts in the area is mainly on lowering the CO2 emission levels. In this article, panel data is analyzed with an econometric model, to estimate the impact of renewable energy, biofuels, bioenergy efficiency, population, and urbanization level on CO2 emissions in European Union (EU) countries. Our results underline the fact that urbanization level has a negative impact on increasing CO2 emissions, while biofuels, bioenergy production, and renewable energy consumption have positive and direct impacts on reducing CO2 emissions. Moreover, population growth and urbanization level are negatively correlated with CO2 emission levels. The authors’ findings suggest that the public policies at the national level must encourage the consumption of renewable energy and biofuels in the EU, while population and urbanization level should come along with more restrictions on CO2 emissions.

Carbon footprint inventory route planning and selection of hot spot suppliers

2014 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 125-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsai Chi Kuo ◽  
Gary Yu-Hsin Chen ◽  
Miao Ling Wang ◽  
Ming Way Ho
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Route Planning ◽  
Selection Of

Longitudinal Measurements of Resting Energy Expenditure by Indirect Calorimetry in Healthy Term Infants during the First 2 Months of Life

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (09) ◽  
pp. 918-923
Author(s):  
Sourabh Verma ◽  
Sean M. Bailey ◽  
Pradeep V. Mally ◽  
Heather B. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Longitudinal Measurements ◽  
Expired Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Resting Energy

Objective To determine longitudinal measurements of resting energy expenditure (REE) by indirect calorimetry (IC) in healthy term infants during the first 2 months of life. Study Design An outpatient prospective pilot study was performed in healthy term infants to estimate REE by measuring expired gas fractions of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) with IC in a respiratory and metabolic steady state. Results A total of 30 measurements were performed. Fourteen subjects completed measurements at both 1 and 2 months of life, and two subjects had only measurements made at 1 month of life. Mean REE values were 64.1 ± 12.7 and 58.4 ± 14.3 kcal/kg/d at 1 and 2 months of age, respectively. Mean O2 consumption and CO2 production measurements were 9.3 ± 2.0 and 7.7 ± 1.2 mL/kg/min and 8.1 ± 2.2 and 6.4 ± 1.1 mL/kg/min at 1 and 2 months of age, respectively. Conclusion This pilot study demonstrates longitudinal measurements of REE by IC in healthy term infants during the first 2 months of life. We also demonstrate that, overall, there is consistency in REE values in this population, with a likely decrease in individual longitudinal measurements over the first 2 months of life.

Modeling of Carbon Dioxide Measurement on Cement Plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 2120-2128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Xia Peng ◽  
Liang Huang ◽  
Yu Bo Zhao ◽  
Pan Chen ◽  
Lu Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Measurement ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Reducing Co2 Emission

Input-output model on cement plants were established. Carbon dioxide emissions of key steps and carbon footprint of products were calculated and predicted using the input-output model. The results showed that CO2 emission in the plant (the production of the plant is 1320000t a year) reached 910000 t a year and CO2 emission per ton product is 0.689 ton. Over 80% of the total CO2 was emitted during the process of firing，so the firing process is the key step for reducing CO2 emission in the cement plant. Carbon footprint of three kinds of cement products including ordinary portland cement, portland pozzolan cement and portland blast furnace slag cement are 0.76, 0.59, 0.72 respectively.

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