scholarly journals Biocontrol of Soil Borne Pathogen of Potato Tuber Caused by Rhizoctonia solani through Biosurfactant based Bacillus strain

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
Touseef Hussain ◽  
Abrar Ahmad Khan ◽  
M.A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Black Scurf ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Universal Primers ◽  
Haemolytic Activity ◽  
Dual Culture

Black scurf disease is a major problem for cultivation of potato worldwide that is managed by synthetic agrochemicals, that are increasing environmental pollution as well as residue in farm produce also.  Therefore, now a day use of bio-agents for managing black scurf is attractive feature and need of the hour. A promising bio surfactant OD02 isolate, was isolated from oil contaminated soil, utilizing its secondary metabolite after preliminary biosurfactant screening tests. Furthermore, this strain exhibited positive test with haemolytic activity, emulsification index, oil spreading test, molecular characterization with 16S rRNA universal primers revealed that the strain belongs to Bacillus group, that was further chemically characterized using TLC, exhibiting reddish pink colour as lipopeptide and demonstrated antagonistic activity against Rhizoctonia solani under in vitro using dual culture (45±0.30%) and at 3% concentration under food poisoning method. Bacillus subtilis HussainT-AMU strain is very effective against phytopathogen R. solani and can be more explored in future diseases management strategies.

scholarly journals Isolation of antagonistic fungi from rhizospheres and its biocontrol activity against different isolates of soil borne fungal pathogens infected legumes

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIYANTO YUSNAWAN ◽  
ALFI INAYATI ◽  
YULIANTORO BALIADI
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Antagonistic Fungi ◽  
Biocontrol Activity ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

Abstract. Yusnawan E, Inayati A, Baliadi Y. 2019. Isolation of antagonistic fungi from rhizospheres and its biocontrol activity against different isolates of soil borne fungal pathogens infected legumes. Biodiversitas 20: 2048-2054. Soilborne diseases caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium sp. are biotic limits for legume production. Biological controls offer environmental friendly control for these pathogens. This study aimed to isolate and screen Trichoderma from different rhizospheres and to obtain effective Trichoderma isolates to suppress in vitro growth of the soil borne pathogens. The antagonistic inhibitory activity was performed by dual culture method. Seven out of forty indigenous Trichoderma isolates collected from East Java, Indonesia effectively suppressed the growth of different fungal isolates, namely Rhizoctonia solani (R.s1), R. solani (R.s2) as well as Fusarium sp. which infected soybean and mung bean. In vitro study showed different suppression of the pathogens on dual culture tests. The seven isolates inhibited the growth of R. solani (R.s1), R.solani (R.s2) and Fusarium sp. ranging from 90.0 to 99.6%, 72.8 to 82.4%, and 67.9 to 90.8%, respectively. Isolate origin and genetic variability of Trichoderma played an important role in the antagonistic activity. The fast-growing of selected Trichoderma showed their abilities for space occupation and nutrition competition, which involved in the antagonistic activity. The mycelial growth of Trichoderma over pathogens showed hyperparasitism mechanism. In addition, coiling of Trichoderma over hyphal pathogens was observed during microscopic observation. The seven Trichoderma isolates, therefore, are promising as biological control agents against the soil borne fungi infected legumes.

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of Bacterial Bioagents and Fungicides Efficiency against Rhizoctonia solani Isolates the Causal agent of Black Scurf Disease of Potato

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Black Scurf ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Significant Suppression ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Bacillis Subtilis

The efficacy of two isolates of bacterial bioagents and two fungicides via, Rhizoctonia solani isolates were evaluated in vitro. In the dual culture assays, significance inhibition ratio of R. solani hyphal growth was obtained in all treatments of Pesudomonas fluoresnces and Bacillis subtilis compared to control. Also, Bacillus subtilis exhibit the highest significant suppression for the mycelial growth of R. solani isolates more than Pseudemonas fluorescens, and the ratios of inhibition differed according to the bioagents and R. solani isolates similar to those results in antifungal activity technique. The volatile metabolite studies revealed that in the first period (three days) inhibition percentage significantly differed according to the tested isolates of R. solani and the applied bioagents, B. subtilis gave the highest inhibition (57.41%) in R. solani isolate 3. Similarly in P. fluoresnces treatments, the highest inhibition was (57.41%) was detected in isolate 3 of R. solani considering that the second tested time period (five day inoculation). B. subtilis showed highest inhibition value on isolate 1, on the other hand P. flouresnce showed high value of inhibition on isolate 2, whereas the lowest inhibition values were produced on isolate 1.Non volatile activity both bacterial bioagents isolates showed different values of inhibition on R. solani isolates. On the other hand Rezolex was most effective against R. solani at two concentrations (0.2 and 0.3), however Topsin-M showed fluctuate inhibition values at two concentration used (0.04% and 0.075%). Further incubation of plates showed suppressed the formation of sclerotia by all the antagonists tested. The results implied that the extent of inhibition by B. subtilis and P. fluoresnces rovides the use of excellent potential antagonists capable of controlling the R. solani in vitro.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of extracellular metabolites from antagonistic bacteria isolated from potato (Solanum phureja) crops

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinar David Granada García ◽  
Antoni Rueda Lorza ◽  
Carlos Alberto Peláez
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Cyclic Peptide ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Solanum Phureja ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Extracellular Metabolites

Microorganisms for biological control are capable of producing active compounds that inhibit the development of phytopathogens, constituting a promising tool toob tain active principles that could replace synthetic pesticides. This study evaluatedtheability of severalpotentialbiocontrol microorganismsto produce active extracellular metabolites. In vitro antagonistic capability of 50 bacterial isolates from rhizospheric soils of "criolla" potato (Solanum phureja) was tested through dual culture in this plant with different plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Isolates that showed significantly higher antagonistic activity were fermented in liquid media and crude extracts from the supernatants had their biological activities assessed by optical density techniques. Inhibitory effecton tested pathogens was observed for concentrations between 0.5% and 1% of crude extracts. There was a correlation between the antimicrobial activity of extracts and the use of nutrient-rich media in bacteria fermentation. Using a bioguided method, a peptidic compound, active against Fusarium oxysporum, was obtained from the 7ANT04 strain (Pyrobaculum sp.). Analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography coupled to mass detector evidenced an 11-amino acid compound. Bioinformatic software using raw mass data confirmed the presence of a cyclic peptide conformed by 11 mostly non-standard amino acids.

A new Bacillus cereus DNA-binding protein, HlyIIR, negatively regulates expression of B. cereus haemolysin II

Microbiology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 150 (11) ◽  
pp. 3691-3701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanna I. Budarina ◽  
Dmitri V. Nikitin ◽  
Nikolay Zenkin ◽  
Marina Zakharova ◽  
Ekaterina Semenova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Haemolytic Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Initiation Point ◽  
Dna Repeat ◽  
Opportunistic Human Pathogen

Haemolysin II, HlyII, is one of several cytotoxic proteins produced by Bacillus cereus, an opportunistic human pathogen that causes food poisoning. The hlyII gene confers haemolytic activity to Escherichia coli cells. Here a new B. cereus gene, hlyIIR, which is located immediately downstream of hlyII and regulates hlyII expression, is reported. The deduced amino acid sequence of HlyIIR is similar to prokaryotic DNA-binding transcriptional regulators of the TetR/AcrA family. Measurements of haemolytic activity levels and of hlyII promoter activity levels using gene fusions and primer-extension assays demonstrated that, in E. coli, hlyII transcription decreased in the presence of hlyIIR. Recombinant HlyIIR binds to a 22 bp inverted DNA repeat centred 48 bp upstream of the hlyII promoter transcription initiation point. In vitro transcription studies showed that HlyIIR inhibits transcription from the hlyII promoter by binding to the 22 bp repeat and RNA polymerase, and by decreasing the formation of the catalytically competent open promoter complex.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Beauveria bassiana Endophyte against Botrytis cinerea in Two Solanaceae Crops

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Barra-Bucarei ◽  
Andrés France Iglesias ◽  
Macarena Gerding González ◽  
Gonzalo Silva Aguayo ◽  
Jorge Carrasco-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Colonization Ability ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Native Strains

Botrytis cinerea causes substantial losses in tomato and chili pepper crops worldwide. Endophytes have shown the potential for the biological control of diseases. The colonization ability of native endophyte strains of Beauveria bassiana and their antifungal effect against B. cinerea were evaluated in Solanaceae crops. Root drenching with B. bassiana was applied, and endophytic colonization capacity in roots, stems, and leaves was determined. The antagonistic activity was evaluated using in vitro dual culture and also plants by drenching the endophyte on the root and by pathogen inoculation in the leaves. Ten native strains were endophytes of tomato, and eight were endophytes of chili pepper. All strains showed significant in vitro antagonism against B. cinerea (30–36%). A high antifungal effect was observed, and strains RGM547 and RGM644 showed the lowest percentage of the surface affected by the pathogen. Native strains of B. bassiana colonized tomato and chili pepper tissues and provided important levels of antagonism against B. cinerea.

Role of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activities produced by a fluorescent pseudomonad and in vitro inhibition of Phytophthora capsici and Rhizoctonia solani

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Kumar Arora ◽  
Min Jeong Kim ◽  
Sun Chul Kang ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Maheshwari
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonad ◽  
Antifungal Metabolites ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonas

A study was conducted to investigate the possibility of involvement of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase of an antagonistic fluorescent Pseudomonas in growth suppression of phytopathogenic fungi, Phytophthora capsici and Rhizoctonia solani . Fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates GRC3 and GRC4 were screened for their antifungal potential against phytopathogenic fungi by using dual culture technique both on solid and liquid media. The percent inhibition was calculated. Various parameters were monitored for optimization of enzyme activities by fluorescent Pseudomonas GRC3. The involvement of chitinases, β-1,3-glucanases, and antifungal metabolites of nonenzymatic nature was correlated with the inhibition of P. capsici and R. solani. The results provide evidence for antibiosis as a mechanism for antagonism. The study also confirms that multiple mechanisms are involved in suppressing phytopathogens as evidenced by the involvement of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in inhibition of R. solani but not P. capsici by isolate GRC3.

scholarly journals Biocontrol potential of Trichoderma harzianum in controlling wilt disease of pistachio caused by Verticillium dahliae

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Fotoohiyan ◽  
Saeed Rezaee ◽  
Gholam Hosein Shahidi Bonjar ◽  
Amir Hossein Mohammadi ◽  
Mohammad Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Volatile Metabolites ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

Abstract Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae, is one of the most devastating diseases in pistachio orchards in the world including Iran. In search for an effective non-chemical strategy for the management of this disease, we evaluated the biocontrol potential of Trichoderma harzianum isolates obtained from the rhizosphere of healthy pistachio trees in different locations of the Kerman province of Iran against V. dahliae under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Dual culture tests in the laboratory were conducted in a completely randomized design using 72 T. harzianum isolates. Twenty isolates showed the highest in vitro antagonistic activity. The results indicated that all 20 isolates were capable of inhibiting the mycelial growth of V. dahliae significantly. Among them, isolates Tr8 and Tr19 were the most effective by 88.89% and 85.12% inhibition, respectively. Extracted cell free metabolites of all effective isolates also inhibited the growth of V. dahliae in the culture medium significantly. According to the results, isolates Tr4 and Tr6 inhibited fungal pathogen growth by 94.94% and 88.15% respectively, through production of non-volatile metabolites. In the evaluation of volatile metabolites, isolates Tr5 and Tr4 were the most effective by 26.27% and 24.49% growth inhibition, respectively. Based on the results of the in vitro experiments, the five most effective isolates were selected for evaluation under greenhouse conditions for their biocontrol potential in controlling Verticillium wilt of pistachio. Results of the greenhouse, (in vivo) experiments were positive and indicated that the occurrence of wilt disease in plants treated with the antagonists alone or in combination with pathogenic fungus was lower than in plants inoculated with pathogen alone. The overall results of this study suggest that Trichoderma fungal antagonist may be an effective biocontrol agent for the control of Verticillium wilt of pistachio.

scholarly journals Antagonistic Activity and Characterization of Indigenous Soil Isolates of Bacteria and Fungi Against Onion Wilt Incited by Fusarium sp

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilda Karim ◽  
Andi Asmawati ◽  
Oslan Jumadi
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Abstract Tuber rot disease due to phytopathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (Foc) infection is one of the main factors causing the decreasing amount of global shallot production. This study aims to find bacteria and fungi candidates which have Foc antagonistic activity through in vitro tests using dual culture techniques. A total of five bacterial isolates and three fungal isolates isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy onion plants showed the ability to inhibit Foc growth. B1 and B4 bacterial isolates had an average inhibitory capability of 65.93% and 72.27% respectively. Whereas C1 and C2 fungal isolates have the ability to inhibit the growth of Foc by as much as 74.82% and 67.76% respectively. The four tested microbial isolates were able to significantly inhibit Foc activity in vitro based on the ANOVA test, with values α = 0.05, and n = 3. Molecular analysis based on 16S-rRNA markers showed bacterial isolates B1 and B4 have an evolutionary relationship with B. subtilis. Whereas fungi C1 and C2 have evolutionary relationships with Aspergillus tubingensis and Trichoderma asperellum respectively, based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene markers. The results of this study can be used to develop indigenous microbial consortiums as biological control agents for phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (Foc) on shallots.

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