Distribution and Significances of the Major Oxides in Recent Coastal Sabkha Sediments of the Al-Dafna Plateau, northeast Tobruk, Libya

Twenty sabkha samples were chemically analyzed by XRF technique for determination of their major oxides concentrations. Six cores penetrated both the intertidal and supratidal flat zones developed in six wadis mouths in the coastal stretch of the Al-Dafna plateau, northeast Tobruk city. The significance distribution and concentration of the major oxides are discussed and interpreted. Elements in the raw material of the study area reflect important evidence of geochemical weathering processes that affecting parent rocks as well as conditions of sedimentation, and rate of deposition. Correlation coefficients have been used to illustrate the abundance and distribution of these elements. The distribution of major oxides are follows Si2O > CaO > LOI > Al2O3 > SO3 > MgO > Na2O > K2O. The vertical distribution of major elements is mainly controlled by the abundance and proportions of the clastics, carbonates and evaporite minerals. It was found that silica present in the form of detrital, subrounded to rounded silt- to sand-sized quartz grains, while the content of Al2O3 is associated with terrigenous argillaceous materials. On the other hand, the presence of Fe2O3 is related to the abundance of clastic materials in sabkha deposits. It was found that K2O and Na2O concentrations increase toward the sabkha surfaces.

Design and Simulation of a Piezoresistive v-Shaped Strain Gauge for Torque Measring

Modeling and simulation of system design adjustment is respectable training for design and engineering decisions in real world jobs. In this paper, the exact perseverance connected with the strain of components is very important for structural designs, analyses, and for excellent control. The information linked to this type of test is usually related to the exact dimensions connected with the pressure within a flexible region. This paper proposed the design and simulation of a torque sensor with a piezoresistive V-shaped strain gauge. The piezoresistive measure of a precious metal for a stable base was made according to the results of an ANSYS simulation. A torque sensor with a piezoresistive V-shaped tension measure on a base was made. The result of the particular simulation shifted the fraction of tension on the base to enable the torque on the substrate to be measured. Theoretical studies on the piezoresistive measure of a metal for the stable base as well as the torque sensor were introduced. A maximum of 127.29 με and a maximum resistance change in gauge equal to 0.091Ω were achieved for an applied torque of 22.0725 Nm. Here, computer systems modeling and simulation are going to be used.

Effect The impact of salt stress on the growth and photosynthetic pigments of Vicia faba (L).

Water used for crop irrigation is often of insufficient quality in the Mediterranean region, where sea water invades the porous karst matrix and salinizes Sources of soil and water. Measuring the productivity of horticultural crops under saline conditions helps decide if and when crops should be irrigated if water is saline, thus balancing crop water and salt stress. To examine the effects of saline irrigation water on (Vicia faba L.) biomass and yield parameters, a greenhouse pot experiment was set up.NaCl salinity was applied as follows: After 15 days from irrigation, plants were subjected to graded levels of salinity: 0, 50, 100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl, applied in stepwise daily increments to avoid induction of salt shock to the seedlings. Height of Plant (cm), The number of lateral branches , number of( leaves, pods, seeds) per plant, shoot weight (g), is correlated with an increase in stressed plant photosynthetic pigments. five weeks after salinity therapy, the weight of the pod (g) and the weight of the seed (g) were determined. Increased irrigation water salinity statistically significantly decreased the calculated parameters (P<0.05) relative to regulation , except for the number of branches and pods. Salinity is associated with an increase in photosynthetic pigments in stressed plants. The productivity of Vicia faba has decreased in proportion to the degree of salinity of irrigation water.

Effects of white vinegar on carbohydrate contents in hepatorenal tissues in rats.

White vinegar is mildly acidic with a pH of 2-3 that has long been used as a relish and traditional medication that depends on its concentration. Yet even a small amount of white vinegar in a small concentration may cause serious poisoning. Recently, many sorts of white vinegar have been developed using fundamental sources and technologies to satisfy customer needs. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of white vinegar on carbohydrate contents in hepatorenal tissues in rats. Thirty female rats were used, they were divided into three groups, group 1 was given distilled water as the normal control group, group 2 was given white vinegar with a dose (1 ml/kg (5 %)) and group 3 was given white vinegar with a dose (1 ml/kg (10 %)) for two weeks. PAS stain in all treated tissues showed a decrease in carbohydrate contents when compared with the control group. In conclusion, white vinegar consumption has adverse effects on carbohydrate contents in hepatic and renal tissues in rats, hence the quantity of white vinegar should be discouraged or reduced.

Auto-resistance to germination of invasive Acacia saligna trees seeds to Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region

Sustaining the vegetation cover in Libya represents the most important priority that must be taken into account by the Ministry of Agriculture. This study was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Al-Bayda, Libya, to investigate the possibility of controlling seed germination of Acacia saligna trees by using aqueous extracts (flower- seeds- leaves - bark) at different concentration (10, 20 and 40%). The results showed highly significant differences in decreasing a germination percentage and increasing an average germination time, between aqueous extracts and concentrations relative to control, where a flowers extract gave the largest effect on inhibitory germination percentages over the rest of other extracts. Commonly 40% concentration was the most toxic effect on A.saligna seed germination. The study concluded of Acacia salgina trees possess an autotoxicity that can be used to combat thier invasion and expansion in agricultural lands

Quality Assessment of Underground Water before and after Treatment: A Case Study of Tobruk City, Libya

The present study aimed to investigate the quality of drinking water and assessment the current situations from different wells before and after water treatment at east Libya in Tobruk city away from the Egyptian border by 150 kilometers. by measuring some chemical elements such as ph, EC, TDS, Na, K, Ca Cl and Nacl The samples was carried out during the December. Tennty water samples were collected mainly from ten locations. The determined types of bacteria in water and chemicals parameter comparing the result with (WHO2011), The present study showing that there are E-Coli bacteria in some wells before treatment process and after treatment was free of Bacteria It is clear of the data result from chemicals parameter was reduce of numbers of salts in all stations by using treatment processes and the higher value was shoeing in /well number 10 and all chemicals result before treatment was higher than the permissible limits of (WHO2011) for Libya

Assessment of Some Heavy Metals Using Sediments and Bivalvia (Mytilus galloprovincialis) Samples Collected from Tobruk Coast

This study is designed to assess the concentrations of lead, copper, zinc, iron, cadmium and manganese in sediments and bivalvia (Mytilus galloprovincialis) tissues of Tobruk coast. The samples of sediments and bivalvia were collected from four sites around Tobruk city namely as Main port, Ledo, Andolus and Rasbayad (control site), during summer, 2021. The heavy metals of sediments and bivalvia tissues were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. Also water samples were taken from four sites and physical and chemical properties of water were measured. The results of sediments showed that the Ledo site significantly recorded the higher concentrations of lead (0.624 mg/kg), zinc (73.77 mg/kg), copper (0.450mg/kg) and iron (94.38mg/kg) than those of the other sites, however, the metals of sediments collected from Rasbayad recorded the lowest concentrations. The results of bivalvia tissues revealed that Main port site recorded the greater concentration of lead (0.420 mg/l), zinc (2.185mg/l), cadmium (0.385 mg/l) and copper (3.010 mg/l) than that of other sites. Moreover, Andolus site recorded significantly the higher concentration of iron (14.135 mg/l) than that of other three sites. On the other hand, the Rasbayad recorded the lowest concentration of lead (0.070 mg/l), zinc (0.115 mg/l), cadmium (0.020 mg/l) and copper (0.030 mg/l) in bivalvia tissues. In general, the results indicated a high degree of contamination by heavy metals in sediments and bivalvia of three sites when compared with the control site (Rasbayad) and it is reflect the environmental pressure surrounding the coast of Tobruk, an urgently action is needed to reduce the causes of pollution and contamination by heavy metals.

Assessment of herbicidal potential of Peganum harmala L. for biological control of Cynodon dactylon L

This study was conducted to evaluates the allelopathic potential of Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae) on growth of Cynodon dactylon L. (Poaceae). Seeds, stems and mixture of (seeds and stems) aqueous extracts of P. harmala plants were applied as foliar application to three weeks old seedlings of Cynodon dactylon weeds. The result indicated that the application of aqueous extracts of different plant parts of P. harmala caused significant reduction in growth traits of Cynodon dactylon include plant height, number of branches, number of leave and plant weight. Also, the result revealed that the Inhibitory effect of P. harmala eques extract on Cynodon dactylon L was more pronounced in plant height and number of leave plant-1 traits. Results show that among the different P. harmala plant parts used in this study, seeds extract was the most toxic and caused the greatest negative effect on growth traits of Cynodon dactylon. According to the results, the degree of toxicity of different P. harmala plant parts can be arranged in the following order: seeds > mixture > stems. The results of this study concluded that the use of Peganum harmala L plant have the potential to be developed further as a bio-herbicide system to control weed such as Cynodon dactylon L.