In vitro  Antagonistic Activity of Trichoderma harzianum against Rhizoctonia solani The Causative Agent of Potato Black Scurf and Stem Canker

Two pathogenic isolates of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn causing stem canker/black scurf disease of potato plants and four antagonist isolates, two of binucleate Rhizoctonia and two of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai were isolated from crop fields and evaluated in vitro for their fungicidal responses against eight fungicides. Vitavax was effective in inhibiting the growth of R. solani and binucleate Rhizoctonia but it did not inhibit the growth of T. harzianum at 100 ppm concentration. Terraclor Super X, Dithane M 45 and Boric acid are the fungicides which at 100 ppm concentration did not inhibit the growth of antagonist isolates of T. harzianum and binucleate Rhizoctonia but inhibited the growth of isolates of R. solani to some extent. The in vitro findings suggest that any one of these three fungicides along with antagonist isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia and T. harzianum can be used as biocontrol agents to reduce soil borne inocula of R. solani. Key words: Rhizoctonia solani; Binucleate; Trichoderma harzianum; Fungicide DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v39i1.5534Bangladesh J. Bot. 39(1): 107-110, 2010 (June)

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Biocontrol of Soil Borne Pathogen of Potato Tuber Caused by Rhizoctonia solani through Biosurfactant based Bacillus strain

Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council ◽

10.3126/jnarc.v7i1.36921 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 54-66

Author(s):

Touseef Hussain ◽

Abrar Ahmad Khan ◽

M.A. Khan

Keyword(s):

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Food Poisoning ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Black Scurf ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Universal Primers ◽

Haemolytic Activity ◽

Dual Culture

Black scurf disease is a major problem for cultivation of potato worldwide that is managed by synthetic agrochemicals, that are increasing environmental pollution as well as residue in farm produce also. Therefore, now a day use of bio-agents for managing black scurf is attractive feature and need of the hour. A promising bio surfactant OD02 isolate, was isolated from oil contaminated soil, utilizing its secondary metabolite after preliminary biosurfactant screening tests. Furthermore, this strain exhibited positive test with haemolytic activity, emulsification index, oil spreading test, molecular characterization with 16S rRNA universal primers revealed that the strain belongs to Bacillus group, that was further chemically characterized using TLC, exhibiting reddish pink colour as lipopeptide and demonstrated antagonistic activity against Rhizoctonia solani under in vitro using dual culture (45±0.30%) and at 3% concentration under food poisoning method. Bacillus subtilis HussainT-AMU strain is very effective against phytopathogen R. solani and can be more explored in future diseases management strategies.

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Dynamics of soilborne Rhizoctonia solani in the presence of Trichoderma harzianum: effects on stem canker, black scurf and progeny tubers of potato

Plant Pathology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-3059.2007.01706.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

pp. 070921225609002-??? ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P. S. Wilson ◽

E. O. Ketola ◽

P. M. Ahvenniemi ◽

M. J. Lehtonen ◽

J. P. T. Valkonen

Keyword(s):

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Stem Canker ◽

Black Scurf

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Anastomosis Groups and Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani and Binucleate Rhizoctonia from Potato in South Africa

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-02-15-0236-re ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 99 (12) ◽

pp. 1790-1802 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

N. Muzhinji ◽

M. Truter ◽

J. W. Woodhall ◽

J. E. van der Waals

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Stem Canker ◽

Black Scurf ◽

Bootstrap Support ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽

Binucleate Rhizoctonia ◽

Anastomosis Groups ◽

Potato Plants ◽

Comprehensive Survey

A survey of anastomosis groups (AG) of Rhizoctonia spp. associated with potato diseases was conducted in South Africa. In total, 112 Rhizoctonia solani and 19 binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR) isolates were recovered from diseased potato plants, characterized for AG and pathogenicity. The AG identity of the isolates was confirmed using phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA. R. solani isolates recovered belonged to AG 3-PT, AG 2-2IIIB, AG 4HG-I, AG 4HG-III, and AG 5, while BNR isolates belonged to AG A and AG R, with frequencies of 74, 6.1, 2.3, 2.3, 0.8, 12.2, and 2.3%, respectively. R. solani AG 3-PT was the most predominant AG and occurred in all the potato-growing regions sampled, whereas the other AG occurred in distinct locations. Different AG grouped into distinct clades, with high maximum parsimony and maximum-likelihood bootstrap support for both R. solani and BNR. An experiment under greenhouse conditions with representative isolates from different AG showed differences in aggressiveness between and within AG. Isolates of AG 2-2IIIB, AG 4HG-III, and AG R were the most aggressive in causing stem canker while AG 3-PT, AG 5, and AG R caused black scurf. This is the first comprehensive survey of R. solani and BNR on potato in South Africa using a molecular-based approach. This is the first report of R. solani AG 2-2IIIB and AG 4 HG-I causing stem and stolon canker and BNR AG A and AG R causing stem canker and black scurf on potato in South Africa.

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Antifungal activity of several isolates of Trichoderma against Cladosporium and Botrytis

Ukrainian Journal of Ecology ◽

10.15421/2018_191 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 88-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Skaptsov ◽

S. Smirnov ◽

M. Kutsev ◽

O. Uvarova ◽

T. Sinitsyna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Its Region ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Antagonistic Effect ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Morphological Observation ◽

The South

Trichoderma isolates (SSBGT07, SSBGT08, SSBGT09, SSBGT10) were isolated from the soil samples of the South-Siberian Botanical Garden and identified using morphological observation and ITS region analysis as Trichoderma harzianum, T. asperellum, T. ghanense, and T. longibranchiatum. Antagonistic activity against Cladosporium sp. and Botrytis sp. was evaluated in vitro. All isolates showed antagonistic effect by competition against Cladosporium sp. T. asperellum and T. longibranchiatum showed antagonism against Botrytis sp. All isolates showed hyper sporulation on the sclerotia of Botrytis sp. (except the T. ghanense) and colonies of the Cladosporium sp. Our study provides new isolates that affect the Cladosporium sp. and Botrytis sp.

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Anastomosis Grouping of Rhizoctonia solani Associated with Black Scurf and Stem Canker of Potato in South Africa

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2004.88.1.83b ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 88 (1) ◽

pp. 83-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M. Truter ◽

F. C. Wehner

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Potato Cultivar ◽

Stem Canker ◽

Potato Production ◽

Black Scurf ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Analysis

Rhizoctonia disease (black scurf of tubers and stem canker) of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn was first recorded in South Africa in 1918 (3). Although the sclerotial form on tubers is one of the most common potato diseases in the country, it is not known which anastomosis groups (AGs) of R. solani are involved. Between 1999 and 2001, R. solani was isolated from 28 plant and 56 soil samples collected in 7 (Eastern Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape, and Sandveld) of the 14 potato-production regions of South Africa and screened for hyphal anastomosis with tester strains of R. solani AG-1 to AG-10 according to Carling et al. (1). Of the 411 isolates from tubers with black scurf symptoms, 408 were AG-3 and three were AG-5. Symptomless tubers yielded two AG-3 isolates and three AG-5 isolates. Of 39 isolates from symptomatic stems and roots, 32 were AG-3, five were AG-4, and two were AG-5. Of the 127 isolates obtained from soil, 86, 28, 7, 3, and 3 were AG-3, AG-4, AG-5, AG-7, and AG-8, respectively. More than one AG was isolated from five of the seven regions. Virulence of 40 isolates representative of the above AGs was determined in triplicate on sprouts growing from seed tubers of potato cultivar Up-to-Date in a sand/soil mixture as described by Carling and Leiner (2) but using cultures grown in cornmeal/sand instead of colonized agar disks as inoculum. Damage to sprouts (lesions, girdling, and death) was assessed after 28 days at 16 to 28°C according to the 0 to 4 rating scale (2). Chi-square analysis of the data indicated that AG-3 was the most virulent, with isolates from sclerotia on tubers and lesions on stems more aggressive than those from symptomless tubers or soil. AG-4 and AG-5 caused significantly less disease than AG-3, but none of the AG-7 and AG-8 isolates showed any virulence to potato sprouts. References: (1) D. E. Carling et al. Phytopathology 77:1609, 1987. (2) D. E. Carling and R. H. Leiner. Phytopathology 80:930, 1990. (3) E. M. Doidge. S. Afr. Fruit Growers 5:6, 1918.

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Rice leaf extract synthesized silver nanoparticles: An in vitro fungicidal evaluation against Rhizoctonia solani, the causative agent of sheath blight disease in rice

Fungal Biology ◽

10.1016/j.funbio.2020.03.012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 124 (7) ◽

pp. 671-681 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aruna Jyothi Kora ◽

J. Mounika ◽

R. Jagadeeshwar

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Causative Agent ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Sheath Blight ◽

Sheath Blight Disease ◽

Rice Leaf ◽

Blight Disease

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In Vitro Inhibition of Fungal Antagonists on Fusarium sp., the Disease Causative Agent on Dragon Fruit Plant (Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose)

Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.24843/metamorfosa.2018.v05.i02.p14 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 224

Author(s):

Dewa Ayu Andriastini ◽

Yan Ramona ◽

Meitini Wahyuni Proborini

Keyword(s):

Causative Agent ◽

Biocontrol Agent ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Assay Method ◽

In Vitro Growth ◽

Dragon Fruit ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

In Vitro Inhibition ◽

Hylocereus Undatus

A research on in vitro inhibition of fungal antagonists, isolated from dragon fruit plantation in Sembung village, Bali, on Fusarium sp. (the disease causative agent of dragon fruit plant) was conducted with the main objective to investigate the effectiveness of these fungal antagonists to inhibit the in vitro growth of the pathogen. Dual assay method was applied in this experiment. The results showed that three potential fungal antagonists were successfully isolated in this research and they were identified as Trichoderma harzianum, Aspergillus niger, dan Paecilomyces lilacinus. All these fungal antagonists showed antagonistic activity against Fusarium sp. which was statistically significant (p<0.05) when compared to control. This indicated that all antagonist isolates were potential to be developed as biocontrol agent candidates.

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Biocontrol potential of Trichoderma harzianum in controlling wilt disease of pistachio caused by Verticillium dahliae

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.1515/jppr-2017-0025 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 185-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zeinab Fotoohiyan ◽

Saeed Rezaee ◽

Gholam Hosein Shahidi Bonjar ◽

Amir Hossein Mohammadi ◽

Mohammad Moradi

Keyword(s):

Verticillium Dahliae ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Pathogenic Fungus ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Wilt Disease ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Volatile Metabolites ◽

Biocontrol Potential

Abstract Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae, is one of the most devastating diseases in pistachio orchards in the world including Iran. In search for an effective non-chemical strategy for the management of this disease, we evaluated the biocontrol potential of Trichoderma harzianum isolates obtained from the rhizosphere of healthy pistachio trees in different locations of the Kerman province of Iran against V. dahliae under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Dual culture tests in the laboratory were conducted in a completely randomized design using 72 T. harzianum isolates. Twenty isolates showed the highest in vitro antagonistic activity. The results indicated that all 20 isolates were capable of inhibiting the mycelial growth of V. dahliae significantly. Among them, isolates Tr8 and Tr19 were the most effective by 88.89% and 85.12% inhibition, respectively. Extracted cell free metabolites of all effective isolates also inhibited the growth of V. dahliae in the culture medium significantly. According to the results, isolates Tr4 and Tr6 inhibited fungal pathogen growth by 94.94% and 88.15% respectively, through production of non-volatile metabolites. In the evaluation of volatile metabolites, isolates Tr5 and Tr4 were the most effective by 26.27% and 24.49% growth inhibition, respectively. Based on the results of the in vitro experiments, the five most effective isolates were selected for evaluation under greenhouse conditions for their biocontrol potential in controlling Verticillium wilt of pistachio. Results of the greenhouse, (in vivo) experiments were positive and indicated that the occurrence of wilt disease in plants treated with the antagonists alone or in combination with pathogenic fungus was lower than in plants inoculated with pathogen alone. The overall results of this study suggest that Trichoderma fungal antagonist may be an effective biocontrol agent for the control of Verticillium wilt of pistachio.

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