scholarly journals Pharmacological studies of Neopicrorrhiza scrophularii-flora and its antidiabetic effect

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Nayan Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Water Extract ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Animal House ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Neopicrorrhiza srophulariiflora (NS), locally known as “kutki / katuki” in nepali is available in 3500-4800 m of Nepal. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antidiabetic property of NS in streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetic model rats. NS dried rhizomes, was extracted with 80% ethanol and water by cold percolation method. The extracts were administered at a dose of 1.25gkg-1 body weight for 21 consecutive days to type 2 diabetic male Long-Evans rats, bred at BIRDEM animal house. Serum glucose was estimated by GOD PAP method. Ethanol extract of N. srophulariiflora significantly (p<0.05) improved oral glucose tolerance in type 2 rats in comparison to control group. The water extract and ethanol extracts significantly lowered serum glucose level of type 2 diabetic rats in both prandial states (simultaneously with oral glucose load p<0.05; at 75min and 30 minutes prior to oral glucose load p<0.05; at 105min) compared to control group. N. srophulariiflora is beneficial for treating Type 2 diabetes and therefore needs further exploration and researches, both chemically and biologically to identify the active principle(s) and mechanism of action. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnpa.v27i1.12148 Journal of Nepal Pharmaceutical Association 2014 Vol.XXVII: 34-39

scholarly journals Glucose tolerance and insulin responsiveness in Gitelman syndrome patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yuan ◽  
Lanping Jiang ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Xiaoyan Peng ◽  
Min Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Potassium Level ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Load

Objective Impaired glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity have been reported in patients with Gitelman syndrome (GS), but insulin secretion and the related mechanisms are not well understood. Design and methods The serum glucose levels, insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity were evaluated in patients with GS (n = 28), patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and healthy individuals (n = 20 in both groups) using an oral glucose tolerance test. Serum and urine sodium, potassium and creatinine levels were measured at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min after an oral glucose load was administered. Results The areas under the serum glucose curves were higher in the GS patients than those in the healthy controls (17.4 ± 5.1 mmol·h/L vs 14.5 ± 2.8 mmol·h/L, P = 0.02) but lower than those in the DM patients (24.8 ± 5.3 mmol·h/L, P < 0.001). The areas under the serum insulin curves and the insulin secretion indexes in GS patients were higher than those in DM patients and lower than those in healthy subjects. The insulin secretion-sensitivity index of GS patients was between that of healthy subjects and DM patients, but the insulin sensitivity indices were not different among the three groups. After one hour of glucose administration, the serum potassium level significantly decreased from baseline, and the urinary potassium-to-creatinine ratio increased gradually and peaked at 2 h. Conclusions Glucose metabolism and insulin secretion were impaired in GS patients, but insulin sensitivity was comparable between GS patients and patients with type 2 DM. After administration of an oral glucose load, the plasma potassium level decreased in GS patients due to the increased excretion of potassium in the urine.

Study of Insulin Response to Oral Glucose Load After Acute and Chronic Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
pp. 122-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hidaka ◽  
S. Furusawa ◽  
K. Kosugi ◽  
Y. Harano ◽  
Y. Shigeta
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

GLP-1 and GIP Levels in Patients With Hyperthyroidism: The Effect of Antithyroid Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 663-668
Author(s):  
Duygu Kalkan Cira ◽  
Ramazan Sari ◽  
Sebahat Ozdem ◽  
Nusret Yilmaz ◽  
Selen Bozkurt
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Euthyroid State ◽  
Antithyroid Treatment ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Background:Incretin hormones (glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1] and gastric inhibitory polypeptide [GIP]) may play a role in the development of glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia in patients with hyperthyroidism. Objective: We aimed to assess both incretin levels and treatment-induced changes in incretin levels in those with hyperthyroidism. Methods: A total of 24 subjects (12 with hyperthyroidism and 12 healthy) were enrolled in the study. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed and serum glucose, insulin GLP1, and GIP levels were evaluated at 0 (baseline), 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes using ELISA. Measurements were repeated after euthyroidism was reached in subjects with hyperthyroidism. Results: The baseline glucose level was higher in those with hyperthyroidism compared with controls ( P = 0.03). GLP-1 and GIP responses to oral glucose load did not differ significantly between those with hyperthyroidism and controls. Peak GLP-1 and GIP levels were reached in both groups at 60 and 90 minutes, respectively. Areas under the curve (AUCs) for GLP1 and GIP were similar in those with hyperthyroidism and controls. Although GLP-1 and GIP levels did not change before and after antithyroid treatment in subjects with hyperthyroidism, time to peak GLP-1 and GIP levels were reached at 30 minutes after euthyroid state was achieved. Reversal of hyperthyroid to euthyroid status did not induce significant changes in AUCs for incretins. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that the total incretin response to oral glucose load is preserved in patients with hypertyhroidism, but peak incretin responses may change after achieving euthyroid state.

245-OR: Glucose Production and Utilization following Oral Glucose Load in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Treated with Dapagliflozin Alone and in Saxagliptin Combination

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 245-OR
Author(s):  
YUEJUAN QIN ◽  
AMALIA GASTALDELLI ◽  
MUHAMMAD ABDUL-GHANI ◽  
JOHN M. ADAMS ◽  
ALI M. ALI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Diabetes Patients

scholarly journals The Antidiabetic and Antilipidemic Activity of Aqueous Extract of Urtica dioica L. on Type2 Diabetic Model Rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Das ◽  
BP Sarma ◽  
AKA Khan ◽  
M Mosihuzzaman ◽  
N Nahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Urtica Dioica ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Diabetic Model ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Context: To evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of Urtica dioica L. in type 2 diabetic model rats.Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore the effect of water extract of U. dioica on glycemic status, body weight and lipidemic status in type2 diabetic model ratsMaterials and Methods: The mature and fresh leaves of U. dioica was collected from the mountain range of Assam in India and the leaves extract was used at a dose of 1.25 g-kg body weight. Type2 diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ to 48 hours old pups of Long Evans. Experiments for semi-chronic effects were done with continuous feeding of aqueous extract for 14 days at a dose of 1.25 g-kg body weight type 2 diabetic male rats. Serum glucose was estimated by GOD-POD method, serum triglyceride and cholesterol by enzymatic-colorimetric methods.  Results: Water extract showed significant effect on lowering fasting serum glucose levels in type 2 diabetic model rats on 14th day (14.05 ± 3.4 mmol/l in control vs 8.3 ± 1.4 mmol/l in treated group, p = 0.04). There was significant increase in the body weight of treated group in comparison to the control group (175 ± 8 g in control vs in 168 ± 9 g in treated group on 0 day, p = ns; 193 ± 26 g in control vs in 185 ± 25 g in treated group on 14th day, p=0.002]. Beneficial effect was observed in lipid although the change was not statistically significant.Conclusion:  The results obtained in this study suggests that U. dioica has hypoglycemic and hypo-lipidemic activity in type 2 diabetic model rats. This may be due to the histological and functional improvement of b-cells with the consequence of improved insulinemic status.Key words: hypoglycemic; hypolipidemic; Urtica dioica; diabetes mellitusDOI: 10.3329/jbs.v17i0.7092J. bio-sci. 17: 1-6, 2009

scholarly journals Basal glucagon hypersecretion and response to oral glucose load in prediabetes and mild type 2 diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 663-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raishi Ichikawa ◽  
Koji Takano ◽  
Kazumi Fujimoto ◽  
Tetsuya Motomiya ◽  
Masaki Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Load

scholarly journals Effect of insulin resistance on whole blood mRNA and microRNA expression affecting bone turnover

2019 ◽  
Vol 181 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Razny ◽  
Anna Polus ◽  
Joanna Goralska ◽  
Anna Zdzienicka ◽  
Anna Gruca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Wnt Signalling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Oral Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Obese Subjects

Objective To evaluate the effect of insulin resistance in obesity on the expression in whole blood of mRNA and miRNA affecting bone homeostasis as well as to estimate the influence of oral glucose load (OGTT) on serum osteocalcin concentration in obese individuals with and without insulin resistance. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods Carboxylated (cOC), undercarboxylated (ucOC) and total osteocalcin were measured by ELISA in the serum of obese subjects with insulin resistance (n = 41) and obese subjects without insulin resistance (n = 41) (control group) during OGTT. Analysis of gene expression (microarray) and miRNAs (real-time PCR) was performed in venous blood (representating samples) collected before OGTT from obese with insulin resistance and controls. Results Obese subjects with insulin resistance (higher HOMA-IR and lower oral glucose insulin sensitivity index) presented significantly increased expression of WNT signalling inhibitors (DKK1, DKK2, SOST, SFRP1) and downregulation of the key factor in WNT signalling – β catenin participating in osteoblasts differentiation. Expression of miRNA involved in osteoblastogenesis was also inhibited (miR-29b, miR-181a, miR-210, miR-324-3p). During OGTT, contrary to the control group, subjects with insulin resistance presented suppression of cOC and total OC decrease after 1 and 2 h of oral glucose load. Conclusions Obese subjects with insulin resistance may have defects in osteoblastogenesis that was demonstrated via key signalling molecules mRNA downregulation, and increased expression of WNT antagonists as well as inhibition of expression of miRNA participating in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation. Disturbed osteoblastogenesis in insulin-resistant subjects results in the suppression of blood carboxylated and total osteocalcin decrease during OGTT.

Zhenqing Recipe Improves Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity by Repressing Hepatic FOXO1 in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
pp. 721-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfan Huang ◽  
Jie Yu ◽  
Xuming Jia ◽  
Liang Xiong ◽  
Ningxu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) plays an important role in glucose metabolism at the gene transcription level. Increased FOXO1 activity results in hyperglycemia by promoting the expression of gluconeogenic enzymes such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), and inhibiting glucokinase (GK). This study evaluates the effect of Zhenqing Recipe (ZQR), a Chinese herbal medicine, on hyperglycemia and its molecular mechanisms. Type 2 diabetic rats, developed by high-fat diet combined with low-dose STZ injections, were randomly divided into untreated diabetic, ZQR and metformin group. Normal rats served as control. After an eight-week treatment, fasting blood glucose was significantly decreased and insulin sensitivity index was obviously increased in the ZQR group. ZQR also improved the oral glucose tolerance. Compared with the control group, the mRNA levels of PEPCK and G6Pase were significantly elevated, while GK mRNA expression was decreased in the liver of untreated diabetic rats. ZQR significantly reduced the mRNA levels of PEPCK and G6Pase, and increased GK mRNA expression. The hepatic mRNA and protein expression of FOXO1 in the untreated diabetic group was markedly increased compared to controls. The administration of ZQR significantly decreased the mRNA and protein levels of hepatic FOXO1. The data suggest that ZQR improves glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, which is accompanied with regulating mRNA expression of GK and gluconeogenic genes. This anti-diabetic effect of ZQR is due to its ability to repress hepatic FOXO1 at the mRNA and protein level.

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