scholarly journals Upper Arm Composition as an Indicator of Body Composition and Nutritional Status of Adolescent Boys Aged 10-18 Years

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-161
Author(s):  
Jaydip Sen ◽  
Nitish Mondal ◽  
Partha Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Percentile Curves ◽  
Standard Procedures

Introduction: The upper arm composition is usually assessed based on total upper arm area (TUA), upper arm muscle area (UMA), upper arm fat area (UFA) and arm fat index (AFI). It is closely associated with assessment of body composition and nutritional status. The present study aims to determine the age specific variations in upper arm composition and its usefulness in the assessment of body composition and nutritional status among adolescent boys.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted among 964 boys (aged 10 – 18 years) and belonging to the indigenous Rajbanshi population of West Bengal, India. The boys were selected from five different sub-urban government secondary schools located under Siliguri subdivision of Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India. The anthropometric measurements of height, weight, MUAC and TSF were recorded and upper arm composition was estimated based on TUA, UMA, UFA and AFI using standard procedures. The overall body composition was evaluated using body mass index (BMI).Results: There appears to be existence of significant age-specific variations in BMI, UMA and UFA as the boys approached higher ages. The age specific means of TUA, UMA and UFA increased with age. The adolescent boys were observed to be well below the 50th percentiles of the reference population in BMI, TUA, UMA, UFA and AFI. Age and sex-specific smooth percentile curves were derived for height, weight, TSF, BMI, UMA and UFA using the L, M and S modelling approach for further evaluation of body composition.Conclusion: The present study recommends the assessment of body composition and nutritional status to improve screening of nutritional status using upper arm composition, especially in community settings so as to accurately identify the risk of lower or greater adiposity and muscularity, and thereby proposing a major opportunity to improve health through proper intervention programmes.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(2):152-161

scholarly journals Use of upper arm anthropometry, upper arm muscle area-by-height (UAMAH) and midupper- arm-circumference (MUAC)-for-height as indicators of body composition and nutritional status among children

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sampriti Debnath ◽  
Nitish Mondal ◽  
Jaydip Sen
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Arm Circumference

AbstractUpper arm anthropometry has a potential role to provide useful estimations of body composition and nutritional status. Aims of the present cross-sectional study were to assess body composition and nutritional status of rural school-going children using upper arm anthropometric measures such as upper arm muscle area-by-height (UAMAH) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) for-height. The present cross-sectional study was conducted among 1281 children of West Bengal, India (boys 619, girls 662) aged 5-12 years and selected using a stratified random sampling method. Anthropometric measurements of height, weight, MUAC and triceps skinfold (TSF) were recorded. Body composition and nutritional status were assessed using upper arm muscle area (UMA), upper arm fat area (UFA), UAMAH and MUAC-forheight. Age-sex-specific overall adiposity in TSF, UFA, arm fat index and upper-arm fat area estimates were higher among girls than boys (p<0.01), but UMA and upper-arm muscle area estimates were observed to be higher among boys than girls (p<0.05). High prevalence of undernutrition was found among both boys (53.15%) and girls (41.69%) using UAMAH (p<0.01). The overall prevalence of low MUAC-forheight was higher among boys (28.59%) than girls (25.68%) (p>0.05). Upper arm anthropometric measures, UAMAH and MUAC-for-height are useful for assessment of body composition and nutritional status among children.

scholarly journals Percent of body fat, fat-mass, fat-free mass and assessment of body composition among rural school-going children of Eastern-India

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-173
Author(s):  
Sampriti Debnath ◽  
Nitish Mondal ◽  
Jaydip Sen
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Mean Differences

Abstract Percent of body fat (PBF), fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) are useful indicators for the assessment of body composition. The present study was conducted among 1351 children (boys: 660; girls: 691) aged 5-12 years residing in West Bengal, Eastern-India. The children were selected using a stratified random sampling method. Anthropometric measurements of height, weight, triceps skinfold (TSF) and sub-scapular skinfold (SSF) were recorded using standard procedures. The PBF, PBF-for-age z-score (PBFZ) and body mass index (BMI) were subsequently calculated. Body composition was assessed using FM, FFM, fat mass index (FMI) and fat free mass index (FFMI). Age-specific mean values of FM ranged from 2.12-4.00 kg (boys) and 2.16-4.40 kg (girls). Age-specific mean values of FFM ranged from 14.45-23.93 kg (boys) and 14.01-23.03 kg (girls). Sex-specific mean differences between sexes were statistically significant in weight, height, TSF, SSF, PBF, PBFAZ, FM, FFM, FMI and FFMI (p<0.05), except in BMI (p>0.05). These results are important for future investigations in clinical and epidemiological settings so as to accurately identify the risk of lower or higher adiposity and body composition using PBF, FM and FFM.

scholarly journals Body composition in relation to nutritional status and socio-environmental conditions in schoolchildren living in the urban periphery of La Plata, Argentina

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-94
Author(s):  
Evelia Edith Oyhenart ◽  
María Fernanda Torres ◽  
María Antonia Luis ◽  
Mariela Garraza ◽  
Bárbara Navazo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Nhanes Iii ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
La Plata ◽  
Urban Periphery

The aim of this study was to evaluate body composition in relation to nutritional status and socio-environmental conditions of residence in schoolchildren living in the urban periphery of La Plata, Argentina. Weight, height, arm circumference and tricipital and subscapular skinfolds were measured in 3,284 schoolchildren aged 4-12 years in the period 2014-2017. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III reference was used to assess nutritional status, identifying the following categories: normal, underweight, stunting, wasting, overweight and obesity. Body composition was evaluated based on upper arm muscle area (UMA) and upper arm fat area (UFA). Deficit and excess UMA and UFA were also calculated. Central fat distribution was determined with the subscapular-tricipital index. Socio-environmental characteristics were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. The prevalence of nutritional status and body composition indicators were compared by sex using Chi square test. Socio-environmental data were analyzed using categorical Principal Component Analysis, discriminating into more favorable and unfavorable conditions. Nutritional status results were as follows: normal, 64.5%; stunting, 3.4%; underweight, 0.0%; wasting, 0.1%; overweight, 15.6% and obesity 16.4%. The nutritional status of children worsened as the socio-environmental condition of their families became more precarious. Long-term socio-environmental stress manifested as decreased muscle tissue in normal, stunted, overweight and obese children. The current results evidence the strong impact of poverty on child growth and development and at the same time enforce the need for continuous monitoring of children with hidden malnutrition. El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar la composición corporal en relación al estado nutricional y las condiciones socio-ambientales de niños residentes en la periferia urbana de La Plata, Argentina. Sobre 3284 escolares de 4 a 12 años se evaluaron peso, talla, perímetro braquial y pliegues tricipital y subescapular, durante los años 2014-2017. Se determinaron, utilizando la referencia NHANES III, las categorías de estado nutricional Normal; Bajo Peso/Edad; Baja Talla/Edad; Bajo IMC/Edad; Sobrepeso y Obesidad, y para composición corporal, se calcularon las áreas muscular y grasa (UMA y UFA) y se estimaron los déficits y excesos de tejido muscular y graso. La adiposidad centralizada fue estimada con el índice subescapular-tricipital. Las características socio-ambientales se evaluaron mediante encuesta estructurada. Las prevalencias del estado nutricional y de los indicadores de composición corporal fueron estimados y comparados por sexos, mediante pruebas de Chi2. Los datos socio-ambientales se analizaron empleando Análisis de Componentes Principales categóricos y se discriminaron dos grupos: con condiciones más favorables y con condiciones desfavorables. Los resultados indicaron: 64.5% Normal, 3.4% Baja Talla/Edad, 0.0% Bajo Peso/Edad; 0.1% Bajo IMC/Edad; 15.6% Sobrepeso; 16.4% Obesidad. El estado nutricional de los niños empeoró cuando la calidad socio-ambiental de sus familias se hizo más precaria. Debido al estrés socio-ambiental continuo, los niños tuvieron disminución del tejido muscular, incluyendo aquellos con estado nutricional Normal, Baja Talla/Edad, Sobrepeso y Obesidad. Los resultados alcanzados evidencian la impronta que deja la pobreza e impone urgentemente el monitoreo continuo de niños "con desnutrición oculta".

scholarly journals The Relationship between Under-Nutrition and Hypertension among Ellisras Children and Adolescents Aged 9 to 17 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8926
Author(s):  
Tumisho Praise Mphahlele ◽  
Kotsedi Daniel Monyeki ◽  
Winnie Maletladi Dibakwane ◽  
Sekgothe Mokgoatšana
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Under Nutrition ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Mid Upper Arm Circumference ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Globally, under-nutrition and hypertension in children has been associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood. The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between under-nutrition and hypertension, furthermore, to determine the risk of developing hypertension due to under-nutrition. Methods: The study comprised of 1701 participants (874 boys and 827 girls) between the ages of 9 and 17 years old. All anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were taken according to standard procedures. Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), body mass index (BMI), upper arm fat area (UFA), total upper arm area (TUAA) and upper arm muscle area (UMA) of Ellisras children were compared with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III reference population. The linear regression models were used to determine the relationship between under-nutrition with hypertension for unadjusted and then adjusted for age and gender. The logistic regression model was used to determine the risk of under-nutrition on developing hypertension for unadjusted and adjusted for age and gender. Results: There was a positive significant (p < 0.0001) association between all under-nutrition variables (MUAC, BMI, UFA, TUAA and UMA) and systolic blood pressure (SBP; beta ranges between 0.84 and 2.78), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP; beta ranges between 0.3 and 1.08 before adjusting and after adjusting for age and gender (SBP, beta ranges between 0.59 and 2.00 and DBP (beta ranges between 0.24 and 0.80. Conclusion: The prevalence of under-nutrition was high while the prevalence of hypertension was low in this study. The mean under-nutrition variables (BMI, UFA, UMA and MUAC) of Ellisras children were far lower compared to the NHANES III reference population. Hypertension was significantly associated with under-nutrition in this study.

scholarly journals Anthropometry and body composition of vertically HIV-infected children and adolescents under therapy with and without protease inhibitors

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1255-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lígia Cardoso dos Reis ◽  
Patrícia Helen de Carvalho Rondó ◽  
Heloisa Helena de Sousa Marques ◽  
Neuber José Segri
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractObjectiveAlthough the benefits of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have been documented, it is thought to be associated to disturbances in nutritional status. These disturbances may occur early in life and are poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between anthropometric parameters and body composition of perinatally HIV-infected children and adolescents under HAART, according to use and non-use of protease inhibitors.DesignCross-sectional study undertaken between August and December 2007. Demographic, socio-economic, clinical and anthropometric data were collected from the patients. The χ2 test, Wilcoxon rank sum test (Mann–Whitney) and t test were used to compare the following variables between users and non-users of protease inhibitors: age, gender, per capita income, HAART exposure, antiretroviral therapy adopted in the last three years, CD4 count, viral load, pubertal stage, nutritional status (BMI-for-age, height-for-age, waist and neck circumferences, triceps skinfold thickness, body fat percentage, upper-arm fat area and upper-arm muscle area).SettingAn HIV/AIDS out-patient clinic, São Paulo, Brazil.SubjectsOne hundred and fifteen patients (children and adolescents aged 6–19 years).ResultsProtease inhibitors users had a higher prevalence of stunting (P=0·03), lower BMI (P=0·03) and lower percentage of body fat (P=0·05) compared with non-users. There was no statistically significant difference between the HAART regimens and measurements of fat adiposity.ConclusionsThe findings of the study suggest that children and adolescents under protease inhibitors are at higher risk of growth and development deviations, but not at risk of body fat redistribution.

scholarly journals Upper arm fat and muscle in stunted and non-stunted children aged 0-24 months

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Bagus Winandi Arundito ◽  
Madarina Julia ◽  
Neti Nurani ◽  
Endy Paryanto Prawirohartono
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Area Estimate ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

Background The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is high, with particularly negative impacts on health during childhood as well as adolescence. Stunting impacts the health of children as well as adults, especially with  regards to future obesity. Therefore, evaluating body composition of stunted children before 2 years of age is necessary.Objective To compare upper arm fat and muscle measurements in stunted and non-stunted children aged 0-24 months of age.Methods We analyzed secondary data of the Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Disease, Department of Child Health, Universitas Gadjah Mada Medical School, Yogyakarta which were collected using cluster random sampling from the Yogyakarta Special Province. We compared upper arm fat area (UFA), including the upper arm fat area estimate (UFE) and the upper arm fat percentage (UFP), as well as upper arm muscle area (UMA) and upper arm muscle area estimate (UME), among stunted and non-stunted children aged 0-24 months.Results We analyzed 2,195 children. The prevalence of stunting was 354/2,195 (16.1%). The UFA, UFE, and UFP among stunted children were significantly lower compared to non-stunted children aged 7-12 months [UFA: 4.48 vs. 5.05 cm2 (P <0.001), respectively; UFE: 4.88 vs. 5.55 cm2 (P <0.001), respectively; and UFP: 30.82 vs. 32.58% (P = 0.03), respectively]. The UMA in children aged 7-12 months was also significantly lower in stunted than in non-stunted children [11.31 vs. 11.79 cm2 (P = 0.02), respectively], as well as in children aged 13-24 months [11.05 vs. 11.75 cm2 (P <0.001), respectively]. In addition, the UME in children aged 13-24 months was significantly lower in stunted compared to non-stunted children [10.50 vs. 11.18 cm2 (P <0.001), respectively].Conclusion The UFA in children aged 7-12 months is smaller in stunted than in non-stunted children, whereas UMA in children aged 7-12 months and 13-24 months was smaller in stunted compared to non-stunted children.

scholarly journals Upper arm fat and muscle in stunted and non-stunted children aged 0-24 months

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Bagus Winandi Arundito ◽  
Madarina Julia ◽  
Neti Nurani ◽  
Endy Paryanto Prawirohartono
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Area Estimate ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

Background The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is high, with particularly negative impacts on health during childhood as well as adolescence. Stunting impacts the health of children as well as adults, especially with  regards to future obesity. Therefore, evaluating body composition of stunted children before 2 years of age is necessary.Objective To compare upper arm fat and muscle measurements in stunted and non-stunted children aged 0-24 months of age.Methods We analyzed secondary data of the Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Disease, Department of Child Health, Universitas Gadjah Mada Medical School, Yogyakarta which were collected using cluster random sampling from the Yogyakarta Special Province. We compared upper arm fat area (UFA), including the upper arm fat area estimate (UFE) and the upper arm fat percentage (UFP), as well as upper arm muscle area (UMA) and upper arm muscle area estimate (UME), among stunted and non-stunted children aged 0-24 months.Results We analyzed 2,195 children. The prevalence of stunting was 354/2,195 (16.1%). The UFA, UFE, and UFP among stunted children were significantly lower compared to non-stunted children aged 7-12 months [UFA: 4.48 vs. 5.05 cm2 (P <0.001), respectively; UFE: 4.88 vs. 5.55 cm2 (P <0.001), respectively; and UFP: 30.82 vs. 32.58% (P = 0.03), respectively]. The UMA in children aged 7-12 months was also significantly lower in stunted than in non-stunted children [11.31 vs. 11.79 cm2 (P = 0.02), respectively], as well as in children aged 13-24 months [11.05 vs. 11.75 cm2 (P <0.001), respectively]. In addition, the UME in children aged 13-24 months was significantly lower in stunted compared to non-stunted children [10.50 vs. 11.18 cm2 (P <0.001), respectively].Conclusion The UFA in children aged 7-12 months is smaller in stunted than in non-stunted children, whereas UMA in children aged 7-12 months and 13-24 months was smaller in stunted compared to non-stunted children.

Prevalence of Malnutrition Assessed by Bioimpedance Analysis and Anthropometry in Children on Peritoneal Dialysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Edefonti ◽  
Marina Picca ◽  
Beatrice Damiani ◽  
Rosanna Garavaglia ◽  
Silvana Loi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Score System

Objective To evaluate the sensitivity of anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in detecting alterations in body composition of children treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD), and to determine the prevalence of malnutrition in this population, in short- and long-term PD duration, using anthropometric and BIA-derived indices. Patients Eighteen children treated with automated PD (11 males, 7 females; mean age 8.7 ± 4.7 years). Design Eighteen patients were studied using anthropometry and BIA at the start (t0) and after 6 months (t1) of PD, 15 of these patients at 12 months (t2), and 8 at 24 months (t3) of PD. Midarm muscle circumference (MAMC), arm muscle area (AMA), and arm fat area (AFA) were calculated from anthropometric measures according to Frisancho (FrisanchoAR. New norms of upper limb fat and muscle areas for assessment of nutritional status. Am J Clin Nutr 1981; 34:2540–5.). The bioelectrical measures of resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) were obtained directly from the impedance signal; phase angle (PA) and distance (D) were calculated using mathematical formulas. Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometric measurements and BIA-derived indices, expressed as standard deviation scores (SDS), and by a score system based on BIA and anthropometric parameters. The percentage of children with values of anthropometric and BIA-derived indices below the 3rd percentile or between the 3rd and 25th percentiles, and the percentage of children with scores of 7 – 12 and 4 – 6 were calculated in order to detect patients with severe or moderate derangement of nutritional status. Results The mean SDS values of Xc, PA, and D significantly improved ( p = 0.05, p = 0.001, p = 0.02) during the first 6 months of PD and remained almost stable during the following months. The SDS values of the anthropometric indices were less compromised than those of the BIA-derived indices, particularly at the start of dialysis. By 6 months, the percentages of children with values of BIA and anthropometric indices below the 3rd percentile had decreased. The percentages of patients with moderate and severe derangement of BIA and anthropometric indices remained substantially unchanged after 12 months. However, at 24 months, the percentage of patients with moderate derangement of BIA indices increased. All these findings were confirmed by the nutritional score system. Conclusion BIA is more sensitive than anthropometry in detecting alterations in body composition of children on PD. The prevalence of malnutrition, high at the commencement of PD, decreases during the first year of treatment but not over the long term.

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