Upper arm fat and muscle in stunted and non-stunted children aged 0-24 months

Background The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is high, with particularly negative impacts on health during childhood as well as adolescence. Stunting impacts the health of children as well as adults, especially with regards to future obesity. Therefore, evaluating body composition of stunted children before 2 years of age is necessary.Objective To compare upper arm fat and muscle measurements in stunted and non-stunted children aged 0-24 months of age.Methods We analyzed secondary data of the Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Disease, Department of Child Health, Universitas Gadjah Mada Medical School, Yogyakarta which were collected using cluster random sampling from the Yogyakarta Special Province. We compared upper arm fat area (UFA), including the upper arm fat area estimate (UFE) and the upper arm fat percentage (UFP), as well as upper arm muscle area (UMA) and upper arm muscle area estimate (UME), among stunted and non-stunted children aged 0-24 months.Results We analyzed 2,195 children. The prevalence of stunting was 354/2,195 (16.1%). The UFA, UFE, and UFP among stunted children were significantly lower compared to non-stunted children aged 7-12 months [UFA: 4.48 vs. 5.05 cm2 (P <0.001), respectively; UFE: 4.88 vs. 5.55 cm2 (P <0.001), respectively; and UFP: 30.82 vs. 32.58% (P = 0.03), respectively]. The UMA in children aged 7-12 months was also significantly lower in stunted than in non-stunted children [11.31 vs. 11.79 cm2 (P = 0.02), respectively], as well as in children aged 13-24 months [11.05 vs. 11.75 cm2 (P <0.001), respectively]. In addition, the UME in children aged 13-24 months was significantly lower in stunted compared to non-stunted children [10.50 vs. 11.18 cm2 (P <0.001), respectively].Conclusion The UFA in children aged 7-12 months is smaller in stunted than in non-stunted children, whereas UMA in children aged 7-12 months and 13-24 months was smaller in stunted compared to non-stunted children.

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Upper arm fat and muscle in stunted and non-stunted children aged 0-24 months

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi57.5.2017.252-61 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 57 (5) ◽

pp. 252

Author(s):

Bagus Winandi Arundito ◽

Madarina Julia ◽

Neti Nurani ◽

Endy Paryanto Prawirohartono

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Disease ◽

Body Composition ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Area Estimate ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Cluster Random Sampling

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Maternal body composition in seedstock herds. 4. Genetic parameters for body composition of Angus and Hereford cows

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an13258 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 145 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. A. Donoghue ◽

S. J. Lee ◽

P. F. Parnell ◽

W. S. Pitchford

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Eye Muscle ◽

Life Traits ◽

Condition Score ◽

Over Time

The genetics of body composition traits measured before calving and at weaning in the first and second parities were evaluated in 5975 Angus and 1785 Hereford cows. Traits measured were liveweight, body condition score and hip height and ultrasound scanned measurements of subcutaneous P8 and 12/13th rib fat depth, loin eye muscle area and intramuscular fat percentage. Corresponding yearling measures on these animals were obtained for analyses of relationships between yearling information with later-in-life traits. There was moderate genetic variation in all body composition traits measured at pre-calving and weaning in Angus (h2 = 0.14–0.59) and Hereford (h2 = 0.14–0.64) cows. Genetic correlations between measurements of the same trait at pre-calving and weaning were consistently positive and high in both parities for both breeds, indicating animals were ranking similarly for the same trait measured over time. Genetic correlations between measurements of different traits were generally consistent over time (pre-calving and weaning) in both breeds, indicating genetic relationships between traits were not changing significantly over time. Genetic correlations with corresponding yearling measures of body composition were consistently positive and high for the first parity, and lower for the second parity. The results of this study indicate that genetic improvement in body composition traits in cows is possible, and that body composition information recorded at yearling age is a reasonably good predictor of later in life performance for these traits.

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Upper Arm Composition as an Indicator of Body Composition and Nutritional Status of Adolescent Boys Aged 10-18 Years

Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society ◽

10.3126/jnps.v35i2.13250 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 152-161

Author(s):

Jaydip Sen ◽

Nitish Mondal ◽

Partha Ghosh

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

West Bengal ◽

Reference Population ◽

Community Settings ◽

Adolescent Boys ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Percentile Curves ◽

Standard Procedures

Introduction: The upper arm composition is usually assessed based on total upper arm area (TUA), upper arm muscle area (UMA), upper arm fat area (UFA) and arm fat index (AFI). It is closely associated with assessment of body composition and nutritional status. The present study aims to determine the age specific variations in upper arm composition and its usefulness in the assessment of body composition and nutritional status among adolescent boys.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted among 964 boys (aged 10 – 18 years) and belonging to the indigenous Rajbanshi population of West Bengal, India. The boys were selected from five different sub-urban government secondary schools located under Siliguri subdivision of Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India. The anthropometric measurements of height, weight, MUAC and TSF were recorded and upper arm composition was estimated based on TUA, UMA, UFA and AFI using standard procedures. The overall body composition was evaluated using body mass index (BMI).Results: There appears to be existence of significant age-specific variations in BMI, UMA and UFA as the boys approached higher ages. The age specific means of TUA, UMA and UFA increased with age. The adolescent boys were observed to be well below the 50th percentiles of the reference population in BMI, TUA, UMA, UFA and AFI. Age and sex-specific smooth percentile curves were derived for height, weight, TSF, BMI, UMA and UFA using the L, M and S modelling approach for further evaluation of body composition.Conclusion: The present study recommends the assessment of body composition and nutritional status to improve screening of nutritional status using upper arm composition, especially in community settings so as to accurately identify the risk of lower or greater adiposity and muscularity, and thereby proposing a major opportunity to improve health through proper intervention programmes.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(2):152-161

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KINERJA YANG DIPENGARUHI LINGKUNGAN KERJA, MOTIVASI DAN KOMPENSASI PADA KARYAWAN PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR

Jurnal Riset Ekonomi dan Bisnis ◽

10.26623/jreb.v10i2.1134 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 144

Author(s):

Ronny Hardiansyah Wicaksana ◽

Marjam Desma Rahadhini ◽

Alwi Suddin

Keyword(s):

Work Environment ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Employee Performance ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Target Population ◽

Working Environment ◽

Data Sources ◽

Variable Influence ◽

A Company ◽

Cluster Random Sampling

Keberhasilan sebuah perusahaan sangat erat berkaitan dengan kinerja dari karyawan yang ada dalam perusahaan. Karyawan mengemban tugas dan fungsi dalam perusahaan. Meningkatnya kinerja perusahaan merupakan indikator dari keberhasilan suatu perusahaan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis: 1) pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan, 2) pengaruh motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan, 3) pengaruh kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan, dan 4) variabel yang dominan pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja karyawan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah survei pada karyawan CV Panca Putra di Karanganyar. Jenis data menggunakan data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif. Sumber data menggunakan sumber data primer dan data sekunder. Populasi target adalah karyawan bagian produksi sebanyak 534 karyawan. Sampel ditentukan 80 karyawan dengan proportional cluster random sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lingkungan kerja, motivasi dan kompensasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan. Kompensasi merupakan variabel yang dominan pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja karyawan, karena nilai koefisien regresinya 0,473; lebih besar daripada lingkungan kerja (0,261), dan motivasi (0,393) The success of a company is closely related to the performance of existing employees within the company. Employees carry out the task and functions within the company. Increased corporate performance is an indicator of the success of a company. The purpose of this study is to analyze: 1) the influence of work environment on employee performance, 2) the influence of motivation on employee performance, 3) the effect of compensation on employee performance, and 4) the dominant variable influence on employee performance. This type of research is a survey on employees of CV Panca Putra in Karanganyar. Types of data use qualitative and quantitative data. Data sources use primary and secondary data sources. Target population is employees of production as much as 534 employees. The sample was determined by 80 employees with proportional cluster random sampling. Data collection using questionnaires. Data analysis using multiple linear regression test. The results showed that the work environment, motivation and compensation effect on employee performance. Compensation is a dominant variable affecting employee performance, because the value of regression coefficient 0.473; greater than the working environment (0.261), and motivation (0.393)

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Fine mapping of porcine chromosome 6 QTL and LEPR effects on body composition in multiple generations of an Iberian by Landrace intercross

Genetics Research ◽

10.1017/s0016672305007330 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 85 (1) ◽

pp. 57-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 93

Author(s):

C. ÓVILO ◽

A. FERNÁNDEZ ◽

J. L. NOGUERA ◽

C. BARRAGÁN ◽

R. LETÓN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Leptin Receptor ◽

Receptor Gene ◽

Chromosome 6 ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Eye Muscle ◽

Coding Regions ◽

Narrow Region

The leptin receptor gene (LEPR) is a candidate for traits related to growth and body composition, and is located on SSC6 in a region where fatness and meat composition quantitative trait loci (QTL) have previously been detected in several F2 experimental designs. The aims of this work were: (i) to fine map these QTL on a larger sample of animals and generations (F3 and backcross) of an Iberian×Landrace intercross and (ii) to examine the effects of LEPR alleles on body composition traits. Eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected by sequencing LEPR coding regions in Iberian and Landrace pig samples. Three missense polymorphisms were genotyped by pyrosequencing in 33 F0, 70 F1, 418 F2, 86 F3 and 128 individuals coming from the backcross of four F2 males with 24 Landrace females. Thirteen microsatellites and one SNP were also genotyped. Traits analysed were: backfat thickness at different locations (BFT), intramuscular fat percentage (IMFP), eye muscle area (EMA), loin depth (LOD), weight of shoulder (SHW), weight of ribs (RIBW) and weight of belly bacon (BBW). Different statistical models were applied in order to evaluate the number and effects of QTL on chromosome 6 and the possible causality of the LEPR gene variants with respect to the QTL. The results support the presence of two QTL on SSC6. One, at position 60–100 cM, affects BFT and RIBW. The other and more significant maps in a narrow region (130–132 cM) and affects BFT, IMFP, EMA, LOD, SHW, RIBW and BBW. Results also support the association between LEPR alleles and BFT traits. The possible functional implications of the analysed polymorphisms are considered.

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Study of growth in rural school children from Buenos Aires, Argentina using upper arm muscle area by height and other anthropometric dimensions of body composition

Annals of Human Biology ◽

10.1080/030144699282895 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 185-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

A. BOLZAN ◽

L. GUIMAREY ◽

A.R. FRISANCHO

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

School Children ◽

Buenos Aires ◽

Rural School ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Muscle Area

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KELAYAKAN USAHATANI KEDELAI DI LAHAN DARAT DAN LAHAN SAWAH

MIMBAR AGRIBISNIS Jurnal Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis ◽

10.25157/ma.v5i2.2390 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 346

Author(s):

Rian Kurnia ◽

Trisna Insan Noor ◽

Eliana Wulandari ◽

Meddy Rachmadi

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Paddy Fields ◽

Primary Data ◽

Survey Method ◽

A Value ◽

Cluster Random Sampling

This study aims to determine the feasibility of Soybean farming in dryland and paddy fields land in the Jatiwaras Subdistrict, Tasikmalaya Regency. The method used in this study is the survey method, while the data used consists of primary data and secondary data. Determination of sample farmers using the multistage cluster random sampling method. The number of respondents was taken as many as 36 farmers who were divided by farmers on 21 farmers on dryland and 15 farmers on wetland. The results of this study indicate that soybean farming in dryland is more feasible to cultivate with a value of R/C 1.98 while the value of R / C in wetland is 1.62.

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Sexual dimorphism in body composition of children in the North Backa region

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns1908216p ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (7-8) ◽

pp. 216-222

Author(s):

Valerija Puskas ◽

Tatjana Pavlica ◽

Rada Rakic

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Mass ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Skinfold Thickness ◽

The Body ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Study Results ◽

Triceps Skinfold Thickness

Introduction. Anthropometric measurements are widely used in the assessment of growth, nutritional status and body composition in children. The objective of the study was to describe growth and body composition of children using simple anthropometric measures. Material and Methods. The investigation was performed in 13 primary schools in the territory of North Backa during 2017 and at the beginning of 2018. A total of 593 schoolchildren aged 6.50 - 10.49 years (in decimals) were included in the study. The following parameters were measured: height, weight, upper arm circumference and triceps skinfold thickness. These measurements were used to calculate the body mass index, total upper arm area, upper-arm muscle area, upper-arm fat area, and the arm fat mass percentage for each individual. Results. The study results show that children?s growth is almost linear over the first decade of life and the lean body mass increases at similar rates in boys and girls. However, girls show higher percentage of body fat and higher triceps skinfold thickness, while the body mass index is not significantly different. The secular trends in height are slowing down or have already ceased, but the weight generally continues increasing. Conclusion. Although sexual differences in anthropological measures are insignificant, the differences in body composition are evident before puberty.

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Use of upper arm anthropometry, upper arm muscle area-by-height (UAMAH) and midupper- arm-circumference (MUAC)-for-height as indicators of body composition and nutritional status among children

Anthropological Review ◽

10.1515/anre-2017-0004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 85-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sampriti Debnath ◽

Nitish Mondal ◽

Jaydip Sen

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Present Cross Sectional Study ◽

Arm Circumference

AbstractUpper arm anthropometry has a potential role to provide useful estimations of body composition and nutritional status. Aims of the present cross-sectional study were to assess body composition and nutritional status of rural school-going children using upper arm anthropometric measures such as upper arm muscle area-by-height (UAMAH) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) for-height. The present cross-sectional study was conducted among 1281 children of West Bengal, India (boys 619, girls 662) aged 5-12 years and selected using a stratified random sampling method. Anthropometric measurements of height, weight, MUAC and triceps skinfold (TSF) were recorded. Body composition and nutritional status were assessed using upper arm muscle area (UMA), upper arm fat area (UFA), UAMAH and MUAC-forheight. Age-sex-specific overall adiposity in TSF, UFA, arm fat index and upper-arm fat area estimates were higher among girls than boys (p<0.01), but UMA and upper-arm muscle area estimates were observed to be higher among boys than girls (p<0.05). High prevalence of undernutrition was found among both boys (53.15%) and girls (41.69%) using UAMAH (p<0.01). The overall prevalence of low MUAC-forheight was higher among boys (28.59%) than girls (25.68%) (p>0.05). Upper arm anthropometric measures, UAMAH and MUAC-for-height are useful for assessment of body composition and nutritional status among children.

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Age and sex specific variations in body composition in Indian urban Bengali Hindu children, adolescents and young adults aged 7–21 years

Anthropological Review ◽

10.2478/anre-2020-0003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Saijuddin Shaikh ◽

Rituparna Das ◽

Rana Saha ◽

Sukanta Das ◽

Parasmani Dasgupta

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Body Composition ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Health Concern ◽

Survey Period ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age And Sex

AbstractChildhood and adolescent obesity is a public health concern worldwide. However, little attention has been paid on status of overweight and body composition of Indian Bengali urban middle and high SES population. The objective was to determine the prevalence of overweight and body composition status by age and sex in children, adolescents and young adults. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 4194 unmarried school and college students (1999 males and 2195 females) aged 7–21 years belonging to the Bengali Hindu Population in Kolkata, India. The survey period was from 1999 to 2011. Anthropometry of participants were measured. Age and sex specific ≥85 percentile of body mass index (BMI) for children (<18 years of age) and BMI ≥23 kg/m2 (≥18 years of age) for adults were used to define overweight. Fat percent, upper arm fat area (UAFA) and upper arm muscle area (UAMA) were estimated. Simple linear regression was performed to check trend of changes with age. The overall prevalence of overweight was 14.8% in both sexes. Mean fat percent was higher in females than males (23.5% vs 13.5% respectively; p<0.001) and it increased by 0.18% (0.02) in males and 0.56% (0.02) in females per year (both p<0.001). UAMA gradually increased with age in both sexes and increasing rate per year was by 2.07 (0.04) cm2 in males and 1.19 (0.04) cm2 in females (both p<0.001). However, UAFA increased by 0.41 (0.03) cm2 and 0.90 (0.03) cm2 every year in males and females respectively (both p<0.001). Sum of biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailliac skinfolds increased by 1.66 (0.06) mm and 0.5 (0.07) mm per year in females and males respectively (both p<0.001). Overall prevalence of overweight was the same in both sexes but adipose tissue was higher and muscularly was lower in females than males.

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