scholarly journals Experiencing stigma: Nepalese perspectives

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
SR Adhikari ◽  
SN Pradhan ◽  
SC Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Compliance To Treatment ◽  
And Coping

Background: Experiencing stigma by patients with mental illness in their day to day lives has substantial importance in treatment, compliance and quality of life. There is dearth of information and researches in experiences/ perceptions and coping of stigma in Nepal. Aims: The objective of this study was to find out experiences/ perceptions and coping of stigma and stigmatizations among patients with mental illness. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective, cross sectional study of patients admitted in psychiatry ward. Patients were assessed using self-report questionnaire which focused on beliefs about discrimination against mental illness, rejection experiences, and ways of coping with stigma. Patient's socio demographic profiles were also assessed. Results: Fifty three patients completed questionnaire concerning various constructs of stigma. There were 29 male patients and 24 female patients. Majority (N=45; 84.9%) were of Hindu religion but there were mixed numbers regarding caste. Most of the patients were aware of the stigma associated with mental illness. There were experiences of rejection by family members and colleagues (N=23; 43.4%) and health care professional (N=16; 30.2%). There were strong perceptions of stigmatization felt by patients in different social circumstances. Though maintaining secrecy and avoidance/withdrawal of stigma provoking scenario were not experienced much, there was a strong sense of advocacy whenever there was any negative view of mental illness. Some of the questionnaire items in "perception", "rejection" and "coping" showed statistical significance (p=0.001). Conclusion: People with mental illness experience stigma during their course of illness and treatment and it is an important determinant for the relapse of symptoms and non-compliance to treatment. Despite experiencing stigma, patients were generally treated fairly by other people. Patients develop various mechanisms to cope with stigma, mostly secrecy and avoidance. Advocacy and anti-stigma campaign along with positive attitudes of health professionals play important role in decreasing stigmatizing experiences in patients. Key Words: Stigma, stigmatization, mental illness, coping, perception. doi: 10.3126/kumj.v6i4.1736 Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2008), Vol. 6, No. 4, Issue 24, 458-465

scholarly journals What Do Non-Psychiatric Doctors of Andhra Pradesh Think about Psychiatrists, Psychiatric Medications and Mental Illness? A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (22) ◽  
pp. 1746-1751
Author(s):  
Ganga Raju Godasi ◽  
Raj Kiran Donthu ◽  
Abdul Salaam Mohammed ◽  
Ravi Shankar Pasam ◽  
Raja Anirudh Yalamanchili
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Curriculum Changes ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Academic Settings ◽  
Changing Trend

BACKGROUND Mental and behavioural disorders are prevalent in all societies. The stigma and poor attitude towards mental illness and those with mental illness is well known. Similarly, there also exists poor opinions about psychiatrists and psychiatric medications among people. Non psychiatric doctors act as a bridge between the psychiatrists and mentally ill people. This study was conducted to evaluate the attitudes of non-psychiatric doctors towards psychiatrists, psychiatric medications, and mental illness. METHODS The study design was cross sectional, conducted in a town of Andhra Pradesh. A structured proforma was used to capture the sociodemographic details and to measure attitudes towards psychiatrists and psychiatric medications. We used a questionnaire used by Zieger et al. Similarly, to measure the attitudes towards mental illness, belief towards mental illness (BTMI) used by Hirai and Clum was used. The data was analysed using R language, and results obtained were tabulated and discussed. Data was analysed using non parametric tests. RESULTS There were no significant negative attitudes of non-psychiatrists towards psychiatrists and mental illness. But we found significant negative attitudes expressed by medical specialists (P = 0.035) and those in academic settings (P = 0.020) towards psychiatric medications. On comparing the other demographic details there were no significant negative attitudes towards psychiatric medications. CONCLUSIONS Previous studies have found negative attitudes among non-psychiatrists towards psychiatry, psychiatrists and mental illness. But our study found that there are positive attitudes expressed by non-psychiatric doctors towards psychiatrists and mental illness which is a good sign. We believe this is a changing trend towards positive side when compared to past studies. Future studies should be longitudinal and to keep in focus the new curriculum changes. KEYWORDS Attitudes of Health Personnel, Psychiatry, Mental Disorders

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes and quality of life of caregivers towards asthma in their children: a Nigerian perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosisochi Chinwendu Amorha ◽  
Ebere Emilia Ayogu ◽  
Blessing Adaora Ngwoke ◽  
Eleje Oboma Okonta
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asthma Knowledge ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Nigeria Teaching Hospital ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Introduction: The burden of uncontrolled asthma is high and caregivers can offer support in the management of asthma. Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in children. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and quality of life (QoL) of caregivers toward asthma in their children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Paediatric Respiratory Unit of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu State (July 2017-September 2017). We utilized a 46-item questionnaire comprising knowledge and attitude domains and the 13-item Pediatric Asthma Caregiver’s QoL Questionnaire (PACQLQ). Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Version 25.0. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Fifty-one caregivers participated in the study. More than half (n = 36, 70.6%) of the caregivers were 40 years old and above, female (n = 37, 72.5%), graduates from higher institutions (n = 33, 64.7%), and self-employed (n = 27, 52.9%). About a quarter (n = 13, 25.5%) had a family history of asthma and a similar proportion (n = 14, 27.5%) knew the three main symptoms of asthma. Conclusion: Less than half (n = 24, 47.1%) of the caregivers had good asthma knowledge. Dust (n = 35, 68.6%) and smoke (n = 31, 60.8%) were identified as the most common asthma triggers in their children. The majority of the caregivers (n = 41, 80.3%) agreed that most people can have well-controlled asthma without seeing a doctor regularly. Overall, less than half of the caregivers (n = 24, 47.1%) showed positive attitudes toward their children’s asthma. The overall score for the PACQLQ was 3.91 (0.98) which implied a poor QoL. The caregivers had both impaired activity and emotional function from managing asthma in their children. More female caregivers had better knowledge about asthma than their male counterparts (t = −3.178; df = 49; p = 0.003). Less than half of the caregivers had good asthma knowledge and positive attitudes toward asthma in their children. They had an impaired QoL from managing asthma in their children.

scholarly journals Attitude towards Mental Illness among Secondary School Students in Asmara, Eritrea: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyasu H. Tesfamariam ◽  
Medhane M. Tekie ◽  
Amos Y. Tesfa ◽  
Dawit H. Hadgu ◽  
Eyob A. Awalom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Mean

Secondary School students (SSs) are important members of the community; hence their attitude towards mental illness can be highly influential. Mentally ill individuals are not only suffering from the illness but also suffering from the stigmatizing attitude generated by the community. The objectives of this study were to determine attitude of SSs towards mental illness and its associated factors. A cross-sectional study design employing stratified random sampling was applied to select a sample of 402 students. Data was obtained using a self-administered Belief towards Mental Illness (BMI) questionnaire. Independent sample t-tests and one-way ANOVA were used to determine possible differences in scores of attitude. From a total of 21 BMI scale items, positive attitudes were found in eight items and negative attitudes were found in the remaining thirteen. The mean score of the full BMI scale was 2.47 (95% CI: 2.41, 2.54). The mean (95% CI) scores of dangerousness, poor social relations and incurability, and shame subscales were 2.68 (2.60, 2.76), 2.55 (2.48, 2.62), and 1.22 (1.09, 1.34), respectively. A significant negative correlation was found between attitude scores and the average mark of students (r = -0.257, p<0.0001). Moreover, significant differences in attitude scores were observed between students with a relative of mental illness and those without such a relative (p=0.004). There was an increasing trend of positive attitudes with increased educational level among 9th, 10th, and 11th graders (p-trend<0.0001) and with an increase in the educational level of the students father (p-trend=0.028). However, no significant difference in attitude score was found across categories of sex, religion, living condition of father, presence of a mentally ill neighbor, educational level of mother, or ethnicity. In conclusion, considerable numbers of SSs have negative attitudes towards mental illness. Implementation of programs that enhance positive attitudes towards mentally ill individuals is recommended.

scholarly journals Reasons for discontinuing urate lowering treatment in community dwelling adults with gout: results of a primary care-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Elmelegy ◽  
Abhishek Abhishek
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Postal Questionnaire ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Drug Discontinuation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urate Lowering Treatment ◽  
Gout Flares

Abstract Objectives To examine the prevalence of urate lowering treatment (ULT) in community dwelling adults with gout and the reasons for drug discontinuation. Method Adults with gout living in East Midlands, UK, were mailed a postal questionnaire by their general practice surgery. It enquired about demographic details, co-morbidities, number of gout flares in the previous 12-months, current ULT and reasons for discontinuing ULT if applicable. N (%), median (inter-quartile range (IQR)) and mean (standard deviation (SD)) were used for descriptive purposes. Mann–Whitney U test and chi-square test were used for univariate analyses. Stata v16 was used for data analysis. Statistical significance was set at p &lt; 0.05. Results Data for 634 gout patients (89.3% men, mean (SD) age 64.77 (12.74) years)) were included. 59.8% of the respondents self-reported taking ULT currently, with the vast majority (95.6%) taking Allopurinol. Participants self-reporting current ULT experienced fewer gout flares in the previous 12 months than those who did not self-report current ULT (median (IQR) 0 (0–2) and 1 (0–3)) respectively, p &lt; 0.05). 16.9% (107) participants self-reported ULT discontinuation previously. The most-commonly cited reasons for this were side-effects (29.7%), being fed-up of taking tablets (19.8%), and no benefit from treatment or ULT induced gout flares (19.8%). Treatment stopped by the GP without clear reason known to participant (15.8%) was another common reason. Conclusion This study identified patient, physician and treatment related barriers to long-term ULT. These should be addressed when initiating ULT and during regular review. Further research is required to confirm these findings in other populations.

scholarly journals Motivos para la Práctica del Ejercicio Físico en Estudiantes de Secundaria (Reasons for the Practice of Physical Exercise in Mexican Students from Secondary Education)

Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Bertha Alicia Colunga-Rodríguez ◽  
Mario Ángel-González ◽  
Claudia Liliana Vázquez-Juárez ◽  
Julio César Vázquez-Colunga ◽  
Ramón Castellanos-Ángeles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional

Para analizar los motivos para la práctica del ejercicio físico en estudiantes mexicanos de secundaria, se realizó estudio transversal analítico, en 476 participantes. Se aplicó Autoinforme de Motivos para la Práctica del Ejercicio Físico AMPEF (α=.92). para el análisis, se aplicó estadística descriptiva y Chi2. Como resultados, se obtuvo que los promedios de puntajes más altos, fueron para la dimensión de Competición/reconocimiento Social/Desafío (M = 86.54, DE = 20.87), seguida de Prevención y Salud Positiva (M = 68.21, DE = 10.74) y de Peso e Imagen Corporal (M = 54.40, DE = 13.03); el puntaje más bajo fue para Control del Estrés (M = 22.39, DE = 6.58). Existe significancia estadística entre la variable sociodemográfica de turno, con la dimensión de Urgencias de Salud (Chi2 = 32.76; p = .008), Sexo con Peso e Imagen Corporal (Chi2 = 40.59; p = .045) y sexo con Fuerza y Resistencia Muscular (Chi2 = 37.73; p = .002). Destaca el hecho de que la variable de edad, se asoció significativamente con todas las dimensiones del AMPEF y con el total del instrumento (p<0.05), encontrándose una asociación más fuerte en Competición/Reconocimiento Social/Desafío (Chi2 = 179.40, p = 0.000), seguida de Prevención y Salud Positiva (Chi2 = 119.74, p = 0.000) y de Fuerza y Resistencia Muscular (Chi2 = 100.98, p =0.000), la dimensión que mostró asociación más débil fue Agilidad y Flexibilidad (Chi2 = 42.40, p =0.003). Se concluye que es necesario trabajar en los motivos hacia el ejercicio físico en esta población, orientándolos hacia la salud y prevención, para desarrollar estilos de vida sanos y con ellos un mejor desarrollo de los adolescentes. Abstract. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with 476 Mexican secondary school students to analyze their reasons for the practice of physical exercise. The Self-Report of Reasons for the Practice of Physical Exercise AMPEF (α = .92) was applied. For the analysis, descriptive statistics and Chi2 were applied. As a result, the highest average scores were registered in the Competition / Social recognition / Challenge dimension (M = 86.54, SD = 20.87), followed by Prevention and Positive Health (M = 68.21, SD = 10.74) and Weight and Body Image (M = 54.40, SD = 13.03); the lowest score was found in Stress Control (M = 22.39, SD = 6.58). There was statistical significance between the sociodemographic variable of shift and the dimension of Health Emergency (Chi2 = 32.76; p = .008), Sex with Weight and Body Image (Chi2 = 40.59; p = .045) and Sex and Muscular Strength and Resistance (Chi2 = 37.73; p = .002). The age variable was significantly associated with all the dimensions of the AMPEF and with the total of the instrument (p <0.05), a stronger association having been found with Competition / Social Recognition / Challenge (Chi2 = 179.40, p = 0.000), followed by Prevention and Positive Health (Chi2 = 119.74, p = 0.000), and Muscular Strength and Resistance (Chi2 = 100.98, p = 0.000). The dimension with the weakest association with age was Agility and Flexibility (Chi2 = 42.40, p = 0.003). In conclusion, it is necessary to work on the reasons for physical exercise in this population, orienting them towards health and prevention, so to develop healthy lifestyles and by means of those obtaining a better development of the adolescents.

Coping Style as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Deliberate Self-Harm

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 272-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison S. Christian ◽  
Kristen M. McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) occurs with high frequency among clinical and nonclinical youth populations. Although depression has been consistently linked with the behavior, not all depressed individuals engage in DSH. Aims: The current study examined maladaptive coping strategies (i.e., self-blame, distancing, and self-isolation) as mediators between depression and DSH among undergraduate students. Methods: 202 students from undergraduate psychology courses at a private university in Southern California (77.7% women) completed anonymous self-report measures. Results: A hierarchical regression model found no differences in DSH history across demographic variables. Among coping variables, self-isolation alone was significantly related to DSH. A full meditational model was supported: Depressive symptoms were significantly related to DSH, but adding self-isolation to the model rendered the relationship nonsignificant. Limitations: The cross-sectional study design prevents determination of whether a casual relation exists between self-isolation and DSH, and obscures the direction of that relationship. Conclusions: Results suggest targeting self-isolation as a means of DSH prevention and intervention among nonclinical, youth populations.

Does Dispositional Mindfulness Predict the Development of Grit?

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buaphrao Raphiphatthana ◽  
Paul Jose ◽  
Karen Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Acting With Awareness ◽  
Mindfulness Facets

Abstract. Grit, that is, perseverance and passion for long-term goals, is a novel construct that has gained attention in recent years ( Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews, & Kelly, 2007 ). To date, little research has been performed with the goal of identifying the antecedents of grit. Thus, in order to fill this gap in the literature, self-report data were collected to examine whether mindfulness, a mindset of being-in-the-present in a nonjudgmental way, plays a role in fostering grittiness. Three hundred and forty-three undergraduate students completed an online survey once in a cross-sectional study, and of these, 74 students completed the survey again 4.5 months later. Although the cross-sectional analyses identified a number of positive associations between mindfulness and grit, the longitudinal analysis revealed that the mindfulness facets of acting with awareness and non-judging were the most important positive predictors of grit 4.5 months later. This set of findings offers implications for future grit interventions.

Individual differences related to present and future mental orientation predict the sense of time

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Wittmann ◽  
Henrike Fiedler ◽  
Wilhelm Gros ◽  
Julia Mossbridge ◽  
Cintia Retz Lucci
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Reproduction Task ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waiting Period ◽  
Frequency Scale ◽  
Temporal Intervals ◽  
Sense Of Time

With this cross-sectional study we investigated how individual differences regarding present- and future-oriented mental processes are related to the experience of time in the seconds and minutes range. A sample of students (N = 100) filled out self-report measures of time perspective (ZTPI), mindfulness (FMI), impulsiveness (BIS), and the daydreaming frequency scale (DDFS). Furthermore they were asked to (a) retrospectively judge the duration of a waiting period of five minutes, and (b) to prospectively perform an visual duration reproduction task with intervals of 3, 6, and 9 seconds. Regression models show that (a) being more present fatalistic (ZTPI) and more impulsive are related to longer duration estimates of the waiting period, and (b) having a stronger propensity to daydream leads to a stronger under-reproduction of temporal intervals. These findings show how personality traits related to present orientation are associated with the state-like perception of duration.

Clinical Utility of the Ankle-Brachial Index and Toe Brachial Index in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutasem Ababneh ◽  
Mousab Y. Al Ayed ◽  
Asirvatham A. Robert ◽  
Mohamed A. Al Dawish
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Toe Brachial Index

Background: This cross sectional study investigated the clinical use of the ankle-brachial index (ABI) and toe brachial index (TBI) in 91 type 2 diabetic foot ulcer patients who visited the diabetic foot clinic, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Saudi Arabia during July 2017 and January 2018. Materials and Methods: The ABI and TBI facilitated the detection of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and the patients’ medical records were used to collect the clinical and demographic variables. The variables of duration (p = 0.047) and treatment (p = 0.046) of the ABI showed significant differences. Age (p = 0.034) and duration (p = 0.001) were the factors related to the diagnosis of TBI by the “χ2” test. Results: From the TBI, 26.4% of the patients were found to have PAD, while the ABI showed that 21.8% of patients had the condition. However, no statistical significance was noted. From the regression analysis, the variable duration of diabetes (≥ 20 years of age) was recognized as an independent risk factor for TBI. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is recommended both the ABI and TBI to be used as screening tests for PAD in diabetic foot ulcer patients.

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