scholarly journals Modernization in Medical Practices in Rural Nepal: An Ethnographic Study of Hyolmos

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 169-187
Author(s):  
Ram Hari Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Hill Region ◽  
The People ◽  
Financial Options ◽  
Interview Participant ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Rural Nepal

This article attempts to investigate the modern medical practices and the major factors triggering the changes in views, attitudes, and practices among the Hyolmos, an indigenous people residing in high hill region, Helambu, the northeast of Sindhupalchok, central Nepal. This ethnographic study with the key informants' interview, participant observation and household census was employed during a year-long fieldwork. The collected data were thematically analyzed and interpreted. The finding shows that the major triggering factors bringing such changes are education, communication, and transportation that increased awareness among the people for choosing alternative opportunities. Tourism and foreign employment raised the economic level that created better financial options for treatment. Conservation of forest was limited to the performance of herbalists and Amchis. To some extent, inter-caste marriage practice and the urbanization process also increased awareness about the use of western medicine.

scholarly journals Documenting Abundance and Use of Underutilized Plant Species in the Mid Hill Region of Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Rajib Khanal ◽  
Arbindra Timilsina ◽  
P Pokhrel ◽  
Ram Kailash P Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Neglected Crops ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Hill Region ◽  
The People ◽  
Major Factors

Around the world, many communities depend on plant species that are outside the mainstream of agricultural research and development. These species are also known by various names, such as ‘underutilized crops’ ‘neglected crops, poor people’s crops’ or ‘third order crops’. More recently, they have been designated as crop for the future agriculture. Changing human perception and custodian, changing food habits, influence of globalization are the major factors leading to low priority to the local crop products. The study of underutilized plant species of the mid hill region is an attempt to highlight the food, fruits, vegetables, pulses and medicinal plants; and their mode of use by the local people. The study was conducted in two VDCs; Siddeshwor of Palpa and Hastichaur of Gulmi districts. A total of 52 plant species belonging to 27 families were recorded to be used frequently by the people of Siddeshwor and Hastichaur VDCs. Declining consumption of these local crop varieties at local level and low demand in the local market due to eroding traditional knowledge are main reasons for the farmers being unwilling to grow these crops. ECOPRINT 21: 63-71, 2014DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v21i0.11906

Using Ethnography in Educational Research

Education ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mills
Keyword(s):  
Informal Learning ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Diverse Field ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Relevant Work

The ethnographic study of education combines participatory research methodologies, theoretical engagement, and a richly descriptive genre of writing to depict the lived, everyday complexities of learning in all its forms. The etymological roots of ethnography—“writing the people”—underscore the field’s commitment to writing and to analytical holism. An ethnographic sensibility is key to understanding the power-laden subjectivities created in both formal education and informal learning practices. Education is ubiquitous, and there are many approaches to its ethnographic study. Participant observation is integral to many—but not all—ethnographers. Researchers use a range of qualitative methods (including sensory, visual, and creative approaches) to immerse themselves in, and make sense of, educational cultures. Ethnographic approaches have diffused from their early roots in anthropology and sociology across the social sciences. This bibliography suggests some general overviews of this diverse field, and highlights a range of relevant work. The most insightful ethnographies are book-length monographs, providing authors the opportunity to link together the empirical with broader questions of power and difference. Working across a range of learning fields, ethnographers are united by their careful attention to the everyday, the unexpected and the implicit. They highlight education’s role in generating and reproducing inequalities, at the same time as offering emancipatory possibilities. Any review is inevitably partial. Rather than using theoretical categories, the bibliography is roughly sorted by educational type, with sections on parenting, classrooms, schooling, and students. Further sections highlight innovative ethnographic work on informal learning and educational policies.

scholarly journals Communicative Competence in Mlayokaken Tradition of Banyuwangi “Using” Community

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 4923-4930
Author(s):  
Akhmad Haryono
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Interaction Skills

'Melayokaken' which means abducting a woman who has been loved by a man but they are not approved by the woman's parents. The tradition takes place among Banyuwangi Using community (BUC) that has been going on for long time from generation to generation. This event can certainly make a conflict among families and in the community. In general, this study aims at exploring and describing the communicative competence in melayokaken tradition. In particular, it will explore the linguistic knowledge that is used by melayokaken actors; the application of interaction skill used by the actors involved in the melayokaken tradition; the cultural knowledge applied in melayokaken tradition.The method used to achieve the research objectives is qualitative method, with the focus on ethnographic study of communication. The data collected through participant observation, interview, and recording are transcribed into written data and then analyzed using speech component analysis with communication ethnography method. The study result finds that the communicative competence possessed by the people involved in melayokaken tradition (the young man abducting, the abducted woman, the woman's parents, the man’s parents, and the mediator called colok) can be well categorized from the linguistic knowledge, interaction skills, and cultural knowledge in the process of melayokaken tradition. From this finding, it is very important for the people involved in melayokaken tradition, especially for the colok, to have these communicative competence features in order the conflict among Using community will not happen.

The Mansaka Culture of Maragusan in Southern Philippines: From the Elders’ Lens

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
HILDA V. ANGON-OPENA ◽  
GLORIA P. GEMPES
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
College Education ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
The People ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Field Notes

This ethnographic study portrays and documents the culture of the Mansaka tribe in Maragusan,a municipality of Davao Del Norte, Philippines. The term Mansaka stems from the place of origin, as a group of people living in the center of the forest. They are the first settlers of Maragusan. This qualitative study aims to document a narrative description of Mansaka culture as a ready reference for the people of Maragusan. This undertaking involved two focus group discussions (FGD) with seven participants each group and 14 key informants or a total of 28 Mansaka elders. We employed purposive sampling in determining the samples of the study. In Mansaka culture, the elders are the fundamental link in the continuity of the past to the future to complete the circle of life. Aside from focus group discussion and in-depth interview, we employed other data gathering techniques like participant observation and field notes. The findings revealed that the majority of the Mansakas have no college education, mostly farmers, and willing to die for the ownership of their land. The majority was converted to Christianity, but still holding on to their customs and traditions. These customs and traditions are authentically described in this study.Keywords: Ethnography, Mansaka, culture, elders, qualitative, Philippines

Young Muslim America

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muna Ali
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Cultural Citizenship ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Muslim American ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Community Culture ◽  
Identity Studies ◽  
Anthropology Of Islam ◽  
Dominant Narratives

This book explores the identities, perspectives, and roles of the second and subsequent generations of Muslim Americans of both immigrant and convert backgrounds. As these younger Muslims come of age, and as distant as they are from historical processes that shaped their parents’ generations, how do they view themselves and each other? What role do they play in the current chapter of Islam in a post-9/11 America? Will they be able to cross intra-community divides and play a pivotal role in shaping their community? Culture figures prominently in the discussions about and among Muslims and is centered on four dominant narratives: 1) culture is thought to be the underlying cause of an alleged “identity crisis,” 2) it presumably contaminates a “pure/true” Islam, 3) it is the cause for all that divides Muslim American immigrants and converts, which could be remedied by creating an American Muslim community and culture, and 4) some Americans fear an “Islamization of America” through a Muslim cultural takeover. In this ethnographic study, Muna Ali explores these questions through these four dominant narratives, which are both part of the public discourse and themes that emerged from interviews, a survey, social and traditional media, and participant observation. Situating these questions and narratives in identity studies in a pluralistic yet racialized society, as well as in the anthropology of Islam and in the process and meaning of cultural citizenship, Ali examines how younger Muslims see themselves and their community, how they negotiate fault lines of ethnicity, race, class, gender, and religious interpretation within their communities, and how their faith informs their daily lives and how they envision a future for themselves in post-911 America.

Mass fainting in garment factories in Cambodia

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Eisenbruch
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Khmer Rouge ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Industrial Accidents ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
Phnom Penh ◽  
Garment Factory ◽  
Garment Factories ◽  
Garment Factory Workers

This paper reports an ethnographic study of mass fainting among garment factory workers in Cambodia. Research was undertaken in 2010–2015 in 48 factories in Phnom Penh and 8 provinces. Data were collected in Khmer using nonprobability sampling. In participant observation with monks, factory managers, health workers, and affected women, cultural understandings were explored. One or more episodes of mass fainting occurred at 34 factories, of which 9 were triggered by spirit possession. Informants viewed the causes in the domains of ill-health/toxins and supernatural activities. These included “haunting” ghosts at factory sites in the wake of Khmer Rouge atrocities or recent fatal accidents and retaliating guardian spirits at sites violated by foreign owners. Prefigurative dreams, industrial accidents, or possession of a coworker heralded the episodes. Workers witnessing a coworker fainting felt afraid and fainted. When taken to clinics, some showed signs of continued spirit influence. Afterwards, monks performed ritual ceremonies to appease spirits, extinguish bonds with ghosts, and prevent recurrence. Decoded through its cultural motifs of fear and protest, contagion, forebodings, the bloody Khmer Rouge legacy, and trespass, mass fainting in Cambodia becomes less enigmatic.

A Hygiene Experiment in Rural Bangladesh

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-255
Author(s):  
Kurshida Khanom ◽  
Robert C. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Health Educators ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Graduate Curricula ◽  
Nurses And Physicians ◽  
Farming Families ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

A before-after-only health education experiment was conducted by a team of a dozen health educators, nurses, and physicians who were students and faculty of the National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM). The experiment ran several months with 162 Moslem farming families in one village. Changes in sanitation-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices were measured and correlated with social class. It is suggested that the most useful sociology in the Third World is: (a) basic general sociological theory including ecosystem as well as social system, (b) multimethological including participant –observation, survey, and field experiment methods. Implications are drawn for graduate curricula in light of the trend toward increasing enrollments from Third World countries.

scholarly journals Contingent authority and youth influence: When youth councils can wield influence in public institutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 537
Author(s):  
Angela Booker
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Advisory Board ◽  
Sociology Of Education ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Youth Participation ◽  
Public Practice ◽  
State Education

<p class="RESUMENCURSIVA">Studies of youth public participation have dealt with varied conceptions of citizenship that emerge from literatures on human rights, civic engagement, youth development, and youth organizing and activism. Where those conceptions rely on developmental logics that limit or exclude youth participation, young people’s attempts to gain authority reveal concurrent ways they navigate these multiple conceptions of participation. Drawing on an 18-month ethnographic study, the analysis presented here focuses on a specific venue for youth participation: a student advisory board. Data includes participant observation, interviews, and artifacts including resolutions and emails. Twenty-one of 27 students, representing roughly 15 high schools in their school district, participated in the study. When students attended to paperwork like bylaws and the state education code, they gained access to contingent authority, a limited but influential form of Weberian authority. Key implications of the study indicate that while youth advisory councils can reliably produce exclusion on developmental grounds, they can also provide the parameters for establishing contingent authority. Paperwork is a key to accessing this form of bureaucratic authority, but exercising it requires sustained, public practice. This article contributes to literatures on youth studies, public participation and more broadly to sociology of education.</p>

Pagdihon: The Art and Language of Pottery Making in Bari, Sibalom, Antique

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edbert Jay M. Cabrillos ◽  
◽  
Rowena S. Cabrillos ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Photo Documentation ◽  
Language Pattern ◽  
Art And Language

Pottery is seen as creation of ornamentals, cooking and storing materials. Yet, while economic gains are often considered from producing these materials, the artistic and linguistic aspects have been ignored. This study discusses the factors influencing the culture of pottery, the processes of pottery making, and seeks to uncover the language used in processes of pottery making in Bari, Sibalom, Antique. A qualitative research employing ethnographic study with participant observation and face to face interviews using photo documentation, video recording and open-ended questions in gathering the data was employed. There were five manugdihon, or potters, purposively selected as key informants of the study. The study revealed that environmental factors influenced the culture of pottery making in the barangay. There were seven main processes in pottery making. These included gathering and preparing of materials, mixing the needed materials, cleaning the mixed clay, forming of desired shape, detaching, drying, and polishing and varnishing. Further findings indicate that, together the other processes, the language used in poterry making was archaic Kinaray-a, the language of the province. This language pattern suggests a specialized pottery making. Ultimately, the study suggest that the manugdihon should continue their artistic talents so that the language may be preserved. The educational institutions of the province may provide ways to include pottery making in the curriculum so that the art and language of pottery making will be preserved and promoted.

Rain or Shine Shield: Language and Ropes of Sadok Making

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loyalda T. Bolivar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The People ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Materials Used

A sadok or salakot is a farmer’s cherished possession, protecting him from the sun or rain. The Sadok, persisting up to the present, has many uses. The study of Sadok making was pursued to highlight an important product, as a cultural tradition in the community as craft, art, and part of indigenous knowledge in central Antique in the Philippines. Despite that this valuable economic activity needs sustainability, it is given little importance if not neglected, and seems to be a dying economic activity. The qualitative study uses ethnophenomenological approaches to gather data using interviews and participant observation, which aims to describe the importance of Sadok making. It describes how the makers learned the language of Sadok making, especially terms related to materials and processes. The study revealed that the makers of Sadok learned the language from their ancestors. They have lived with them and interacted with them since they were young. Sadok making is a way of life and the people observe their parents work and assist in the work which allows them to learn Sadok making. They were exposed to this process through observations and hands-on activities or ‘on-the-job’ informal training. They were adept with the terms related to the materials and processes involved in the making of Sadok as they heard these terms from them. They learned the terms bamboo, rattan, tabun-ak (leaves used) and nito (those creeping vines) as materials used in Sadok making. The informants revealed that the processes involved in the making of Sadok are long and tedious, starting from the soaking, curing and drying of the bamboo, cleaning and cutting these bamboo into desired pieces, then with the intricacies in arranging the tabun-ak or the leaves, and the weaving part, until the leaves are arranged, up to the last phase of decorating the already made Sadok. In summary, socialization is one important factor in learning the language and a cultural practice such as Sadok making. It is an important aspect of indigenous knowledge that must be communicated to the young for it to become a sustainable economic activity, which could impact on the economy of the locality. Local government units should give attention to this indigenous livelihood. Studies that would help in the enhancement of the products can likewise be given emphasis.

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