Rain or Shine Shield: Language and Ropes of Sadok Making

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loyalda T. Bolivar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The People ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Materials Used

A sadok or salakot is a farmer’s cherished possession, protecting him from the sun or rain. The Sadok, persisting up to the present, has many uses. The study of Sadok making was pursued to highlight an important product, as a cultural tradition in the community as craft, art, and part of indigenous knowledge in central Antique in the Philippines. Despite that this valuable economic activity needs sustainability, it is given little importance if not neglected, and seems to be a dying economic activity. The qualitative study uses ethnophenomenological approaches to gather data using interviews and participant observation, which aims to describe the importance of Sadok making. It describes how the makers learned the language of Sadok making, especially terms related to materials and processes. The study revealed that the makers of Sadok learned the language from their ancestors. They have lived with them and interacted with them since they were young. Sadok making is a way of life and the people observe their parents work and assist in the work which allows them to learn Sadok making. They were exposed to this process through observations and hands-on activities or ‘on-the-job’ informal training. They were adept with the terms related to the materials and processes involved in the making of Sadok as they heard these terms from them. They learned the terms bamboo, rattan, tabun-ak (leaves used) and nito (those creeping vines) as materials used in Sadok making. The informants revealed that the processes involved in the making of Sadok are long and tedious, starting from the soaking, curing and drying of the bamboo, cleaning and cutting these bamboo into desired pieces, then with the intricacies in arranging the tabun-ak or the leaves, and the weaving part, until the leaves are arranged, up to the last phase of decorating the already made Sadok. In summary, socialization is one important factor in learning the language and a cultural practice such as Sadok making. It is an important aspect of indigenous knowledge that must be communicated to the young for it to become a sustainable economic activity, which could impact on the economy of the locality. Local government units should give attention to this indigenous livelihood. Studies that would help in the enhancement of the products can likewise be given emphasis.

Factors Militating Against the Development of Tiv Indigenous Knowledge

2017 ◽  
pp. 422-443
Author(s):  
Tim Cuttings Agber
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Christian Religion ◽  
The People

The Tiv people right from the time of old possessed a handsome knowledge about their origin, way of life or traditions, science and technology including means of cultivating crops and ways of trapping or killing animals for food, medicinal uses of different plants, methods of making shelters to lay their heads and tactics of making cloths to cover their nakedness among others in a well-defined manner. Essentially, the knowledge the people possessed, which culminated into the Tiv Indigenous Knowledge (TIK) was orally transferred from one descent to another for documentation and continuity. However, the interplay of colonialism, Christian religion and intellectual property laws, constituted factors militating against the development of this crucial indigenous knowledge. This chapter therefore, describes the Tiv indigenous knowledge and the factors militating against it as well as attempt to figure out strategies that could be useful in curtailing these problems.

scholarly journals Becoming a gay caretaker of a religious image (Camarero): Catholic devotion in the Philippines as a gendered social practice

Simulacra ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Peter Romerosa ◽  
John Francis Antonio
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Gender Performativity ◽  
Religious Images ◽  
Catholic Tradition

Pagsasanto or the beliefs and practices associated with the caretaking of religious images is a Catholic devotion brought by the Spanish colonization in the Philippines. The history of pagsasanto illuminates a religious tradition exclusively performed by old-rich women (camareras) and prominent political families. At present, the changing gender roles in pagsasanto through the growing participation of gay caretakers of religious images (camareros) has redefined the practice. This shift prompted the researchers to investigate how gender mediates a devotional practice and how gender is constructed, negotiated, and performed through pagsasanto. Using ethnography, the researchers did participant observation to examine the meanings and practices associated with pagsasanto activities such as decorating the image and its carriage as well as joining the procession. To facilitate further analysis, interviews and focus group discussions were undertaken among four gay informants, highlighting their life histories as image caretakers. Data were categorized through themes and analysed from a critical cultural perspective. The research found that gender mediates pagsasanto and vice versa. The becoming of a gay camarero is rooted in cultural practice and familial Catholic tradition. The changing meanings of pagsasanto arecontingent on gender performativity, market, social media and the growingcommunity networks.

Non-Russian Mythology and Folklore in the Volga Travelogue of the 19th Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 140-155
Author(s):  
Lyudmila N. Sarbash ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Material Functions ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The Volga Travelogue is a large layer of travel essays in the 19th-century Russian literature. This layer has not become a subject of special research in literature studies. The “journey along the Volga” is distinguished by the wide diversity of issues and themes it discusses: the economic and industrial activities of the region, its cultural and historical sights, the uniqueness of the Volga region in an ethnographic perspective – of the multifaceted “Volga region resident”. One of the structural components of the travelogue is the Volga mythology and folklore: historical-geographical and cultural-ethnic information is supplemented with legends of the ancient Volga, Russian and non- Russian (Tatar, Mordovian, German, Kalmyk) legends. Describing the “non-Russian Volga”, writers refer to the national aspects of the life of different nationalities, the most important archetypes of their consciousness. A characteristic feature of N.P. Bogolyubov’s travelogue The Volga from Tver to Astrakhan is the non-Russian word as a marker of cultural identity: it is invariably present in the description of national customs. Telling about the “Mordovian places” of the Volga region, Bogolyubov describes specific rituals associated with the birth of a baby and with burials. The Muslim as a different national and cultural tradition of the Volga region particularly attracts writers’ attention. M.I. Nevzorov, in his Journey to Kazan, Vyatka and Orenburg in 1800, tells about the spiritual and religious experience of the Tatar people: writes about the ontological constants, acquaints the reader with epigraphic culture representing Muslims’ existential ideas about people and the universe. S. Monastyrsky, in his Illustrated companion along the Volga, presents Tatar legends about the winged snake Jilantau, about the “Black Chamber” and the khan’s daughter. These legends express the religious and poetic ideas of the people. Telling about the local cultural and mythological tradition is a characteristic feature of the Russian travelogue: an autochthon is represented by its ethnocultural identity. Folklore material functions in structural parallels – multilingual sources: V.I. Nemirovich-Danchenko, in his travelogue The Great River: Pictures from the Life and Nature on the Volga, gives two – Russian and Mordovian – versions of the legend about “Polonyanka”, and notes the particular poetry of the non-Russian text. In the combination of various – Tatar, Russian, Kalmyk – cultural and national constants of the lower Volga. German characterology is particularly expressed. A German legend associated with biblical material about the history of the prophet Elijah’s wandering through the desert to Sarepta of Sidon is fixed in the travelogues of Ya.P. Kuchin, S. Monastyrsky, and A.P. Valueva. The legend conveys the historical “memory of the place” – the foundation of the Sarepta colony. In the travelogues of V. Sidorov, N. Bogolyubov, descriptions of Buddhist Kalmyks, with their way of life, khuruls and gelyungs, are supplemented with Kalmyk legends about the Bogdo-Ola mountain. Folklore and mythology as categories of a non-native cultural text complicate the artistic system of the travelogue and contribute to the poetic comprehension of the poly-ethnic and poly-confessional Volga region.

French on Shifting Ground

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Dajko
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Environmental Disaster ◽  
American Indian Population ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Louisiana French ◽  
The World

French on Shifting Ground introduces readers to the lower Lafourche Basin, Louisiana, where the land, a language, and a way of life are at risk due to climate change, environmental disaster, and coastal erosion. Louisiana French is endangered all around the state, but in the lower Lafourche Basin the shift to English is accompanied by the equally rapid disappearance of the land on which its speakers live. The book outlines the development of French in the region, highlighting the features that make it unique in the world, and including the first published description of the way it is spoken by the American Indian population. It then weaves together evidence from multiple lines of linguistic research, years of extensive participant observation, and personal narratives from the residents themselves to illustrate the ways in which language–in this case French–is as fundamental to the creation of place as is the physical landscape. It is a story at once scholarly and personal: the loss of the land and the concomitant loss of the language have implications for the scientific community as well as for the people whose cultures–and identities–are literally at stake.

scholarly journals Mysticism of Selling Price Hamemayu Hayuning Urip Bebrayan (Kejawen Ethno-Economic Approach)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-53
Author(s):  
Whedy Whedy Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Price Determination ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
God's Will ◽  
Traditional Market

The qualitative research of this kejawen ethno-economic aims to reveal actions kejawen culture of hamemayu hayuning urip bebrayan. Culture staple seller of panunggalan community in Gede Traditional Market-Surakarta makes people together with buyers. This atmosphere makes selling price determination is not solely economic benefits as much as possible. Therefore, the cultural tradition of hamemayu hayuning urip bebrayan becomes an analytical tool. Data was collected through participant observation of the panunggalan community and scholars. The results show cultural mysticism affects selling the price-determining concept that combines economic and non-economic values. This combination makes selling activities profit and loss and a spiritual and social belief that God gives sustenance through the buyer. An achievement makes it easy for sellers to feel what the buyer feels and considers the buyer, not someone else. This inner and outer whole conviction gave rise to kejawen ethno-economic. Ethno-economics is a transaction activity based on sympathetic feelings and thoughts not to harm (rumangsa handarbeni) by prioritizing honesty and kindness between seller and buyer. The activities of economic actors originate from the balance between the way of life and activities. The balance to always remember and obey God and love fellow humans as a form of guidelines for living life. Guidelines are the essence of life serenity according to God's will. This condition fosters a close brotherhood of increasing brothers (sedulur). Fraternal relations as a form of harmonious interaction, so far, have provided fluency (pelarisan) and wealth (pesugihan)

scholarly journals Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Environmental Governance in Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
The People ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge Systems ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Effective Inclusion ◽  
Effective Models

This contribution addresses key issues around the application of Indigenous knowledge in contexts where such knowledge is neither generated nor held (academy, industry, governments, etc.). Effective models for the ethical incorporation of Indigenous knowledge into environmental governance in Canada have remained elusive despite decades of attempts. The predominant research paradigm of “incorporating” Indigenous knowledge into environmental governance is one of extraction by the external interests who seek to include specific aspects of such knowledge in their undertakings. This approach continues to fail because Indigenous knowledge exists as an integral component of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS). It is often hollow and potentially damaging to consider any knowledge without understanding the societal systems and peoples that produced it. Indigenous knowledge is not just “knowledge” (a noun) but a way of life, something that must be lived (a verb) in order to be understood.  Indigenous knowledge is inseparable from the people who hold and live this knowledge. Although government policy and legislation have evolved in attempts to treat Indigenous knowledge more holistically, the overriding paradigm of extraction remains essentially unchanged.  Even the most recent frameworks will meet with limited success as a result. Appropriate and effective inclusion of Indigenous knowledge requires recognition of the systems that support it, which in turn necessitates support for Indigenous self-determination.   

To Change the World: The use of American Indian Education in the Philippines

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Paulet
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
American Indians ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Indian Education ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The People ◽  
States Experience

In a Brule Sioux legend, Iktome, the trickster, warns the various Plains tribes of the coming of the white man: “You are the Ikche-Wichasha—the plain, wild, untamed people,” he tells the Lakota, “but this man will misname you and call you by all kinds of false names. He will try to tame you, try to remake you after himself.” Iktome, in essence, describes the conflict that occurred when American Indians encountered Euro-Americans, who judged the Indians in relation to themselves and found the Indians lacking. Having already misnamed the people “Indians,” Euro-Americans proceeded to label them, among other things, “savages.” By the latter half of the nineteenth-century, such terms carried scientific meaning and seemed to propose to Americans that Native Americans, having “failed to measure up” to the standards of white society, were doomed to extinction unless they changed their ways, unless they were “remade.” And that was, indeed, the aim of American endeavors at Native American education, to remake or, in the words of Carlisle president Richard H. Pratt, “Kill the Indian in him, and save the man.” These educational efforts at restructuring Native American lifestyles were more than the culmination of the battle over definitional control; they were precedents for future American imperial expansion as the United States discovered, at the turn of the century, that “Indians” also lived overseas and that, just like those at home, they needed to be properly educated in the American way of life. The United States' experience with American Indians thus provided both justification for overseas expansion, particularly into the Philippine Islands, and an educational precedent that would enable Americans to claim that their expansion was different from European imperialism based on the American use of education to transform the cultures of their subjects and prepare them for self-government rather than continued colonial control.

TRADITIONAL OUTBUILDINGS OF THE MORDOVIANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena N. Mokshina ◽  
Mihail I. Svyatkin
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Main Building ◽  
Genetic Problem ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Functional Purpose

Introduction. The article deals with the main traditional outbuildings of the Mordvinians, reported on their functional purpose in economic activity. The forms and types of outbuildings, as well as the main building materials used by Mordvinians are described in details. Their significance in the religious and ceremonial life of the ethnic group is shown. Materials and Methods. The research is based on traditional methods of ethnographic science, such as field observation, survey and interviews, and a comprehensive approach. Among the methods of historical science comparative-historical, historical-genetic, problem-chronological, structural-system were used. Among the general scientific methods of research logical, descriptive, narrative, generalization, classification and systematization were involved. To achieve the results of the study, the materials collected by the authors in the course of field surveys conducted in the Mordovian villages were mainly used. Results and Discussion. Traditional outbuildings were of great importance in the economic activity of the Mordovian ethnic group. According to their functional purpose, they can be divided into the following groups: for livestock and poultry (stable, chicken coop, stable, kalda), sanitary and hygienic (bath), warehouse buildings for storage of food, utensils, firewood, animal feed (barn, cellar, woodshed, hayloft), for processing of grain (sheep, riga, mill). Depending on the welfare and financial capacity of the family, the number of outbuildings was different. As a rule, the wealthier families had more outbuildings than the less wealthier ones. The main building material for the construction of these buildings was wood. Conclusion. Thus, the traditional outbuildings of the Mordvinians occupied an important place in its economic activities. At the same time, each of them had its own purpose and performed certain functions. Some buildings, such as a bath and a barn, had not only economic purpose, but also were the venue for a number of prayers and ceremonies. It is now ordinarily they have banya (bath-house), outdoor courtyard with standing in different places sheds, barn and cellar.

Need of Human Rights as a Better Way of Life

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
Tushar Kadian
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Labour Unions ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Made In

Actually, basic needs postulates securing of the elementary conditions of existence to every human being. Despite of the practical and theoretical importance of the subject the greatest irony is non- availability of any universal preliminary definition of the concept of basic needs. Moreover, this becomes the reason for unpredictability of various political programmes aiming at providing basic needs to the people. The shift is necessary for development of this or any other conception. No labour reforms could be made in history till labours were treated as objects. Its only after they were started being treating as subjects, labour unions were allowed to represent themselves in strategy formulations that labour reforms could become a reality. The present research paper highlights the basic needs of Human Rights in life.

Principles of a Successful Social Life, In The Light of Islamic Teachings

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
Muhammad Suleman Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The People ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Sound Foundation ◽  
Human Intellect ◽  
Islamic Society

Society means a group of people who are living together. People need society from birth to death. Without a collective life, man's deeds, intentions, and habits have no value. Islamic society is the name of a balanced and moderate life in which human intellect, customs, and social etiquette are determined in the light of divine revelation. This system is so comprehensive and all-encompassing that it covers all aspects and activities of life. Islam is a comprehensive, universal, complete code of conduct, and an ideal way of life It not only recognizes the collectiveness of human interaction. Rather, it helps in the development of the community and gives it natural principles that strengthen the community and provides good foundations for it and eliminates the factors that spoil it or make it limited and useless. The Principles of a successful social life in Islamic society seem to reflect the Islamic code of conduct and human nature. Islam is the only religion that advocates goodness and guarantees well-being. Islam gives us self-sacrifice, generosity, trust and honesty, service to the people, justice and fairness, forgiveness and kindness, good society and economy, good deeds, mutual unity, harmony, and brotherhood. Only by practicing the pure thoughts, beliefs, and unparalleled ideas of the religion of Islam, can a person live a prosperous life and he can feel real peace and lasting contentment in the moments of his life. A descriptive and analytical research methodology will be used in this study. It is concluded that for a prosperous social life it is necessary to abide by the injunction of Islamic principles, which provides a sound foundation for a successful social life here in the world and hereafter.

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