scholarly journals Regeneration Technique of Bamboo Species through Nodal Segments: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-68
Author(s):  
Meena Maiya Suwal ◽  
Janardan Lamichhane ◽  
Dhurva Prasad Gauchan
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Bamboo Species

Micropropagation is an alternative technique to propagate at large scale plants to meet global plant demand. Various researchers have worked on the micropropagation technique to regenerate bamboo species by using nodal segments from years. Contamination, browning, necrosis, and acclimatization with physiological stress are the extreme problems of the micropropagation technique. But, many numbers of papers have been published on micropropagation of the bamboo species through nodal segments as explants. The proliferation of the bamboo shoots is dependent on the season of collection, size of explants, the position of explants, diversity of plants, concentration and combination of plant growth regulators, most adequate culture medium, environmental condition of the equipment, handling, and individual species. Bamboo is a monocarpic fast-growing, tall perennial grass and having the high potential to generate economic and social benefits. It helps to maintain land patterns and control soil erosion.  The long life cycle of the bamboo produces a huge amount of seeds but unfortunately, mostly, they are non-viable. So, bamboos are propagated from vegetative by cutting and air layering. However, these methods are only for a small scale and they also tend to destroy large mother plant stocks and difficult to be transported. So, the in vitro propagation technique is useful to obtain large progenies from desired genotypes. Mostly, BAP and TDZ growth hormones are widely used for shoot multiplication and IBA, NAA and IAA are used for root initiation as per developed protocols in tissue culture for large scale production. This review intends to explore an overview of the recent literature reports to summarize the importance of micropropagation by using nodal segments of bamboo species and factors influencing it.

scholarly journals In Vitro Regeneration of Vitex negundo L., a Woody Valuable Medicinal Plant through High Frequency Axillary Shoot Proliferation

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhana Afroz ◽  
AKM Sayeed Hassan ◽  
Laila Shamroze Bari ◽  
Rebeka Sultana ◽  
John Liton Munshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Vitex Negundo ◽  
Axillary Shoot Proliferation

An efficient protocol was established for rapid and large scale propagation of woody aromatic medicinal plant Vitex negundo L. by in vitro shoot multiplication from shoot tips and nodal segments of mature plant. Of the four different growth regulators BA, Kn, GA3, NAA and coconut water, MS fortified with BA 1.0 mg/l was found to be the most effective for inducing multiple shoots from nodal explants. The percentage (96%) of shoot multiplication per node (21.83) was highest up to second subculture passages, after which there was a gradual decline in shoot development. Best rooting was induced (93%) in excised shoots on half strength MS medium supplemented with an optimal combination of NAA (0.3 mg/l). Soil, compost and sand (1:1:1) mixture was the most suitable planting substrate for hardening. The survival rate was 80% and the regenerated plants were successfully transferred to the soil.Key words: Vitex negundo, Medicinal plant, Shoot proliferation, Micropropagation, RegenerationDOI = 10.3329/bjsir.v43i3.1149Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(3), 345-352, 2008

scholarly journals In vitro culture and diversity of endophytic fungi in Bambusa oldhamii

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula de Azevedo Pasqualini ◽  
Mariely Cristine dos Santos ◽  
Bruno Francisco Sant´Anna-Santos ◽  
Hugo Pacheco de Freitas Fraga ◽  
Marguerite Quoirin
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Bambusa Oldhamii

ABSTRACT Bambusa oldhamii Munro is a fast-growing species of woody bamboo with strong commercial appeal. In Brazil, the use of this species is limited, mainly due to the low availability of seedlings for commercial plantations. Micropropagation is a technique used for the large scale production of seedlings, but protocols for the establishment of aseptic cultures are hampered by the presence of endophytic contamination. This study aimed to develop an in vitro establishment protocol for B. oldhamii, as well as to make the molecular identification of fungi associated with the explants used. Nodal segments of adult plants grown in the field were used as explants. This material was submitted to two experiments carried out to evaluate the effect of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) on multiplication and of Plant Preservative Mixture (PPMTM) as a disinfectant. In the first one, 10 µM, 15 µM or 20 µM of BAP were combined with 1 mL L-1, 2 mL L-1 or 3 mL L-1 of PPMTM; while the second one used 0 µM, 2.5 µM, 5 µM or 7.5 µM of BAP with 4 mL L-1 of PPMTM, both added to MS culture medium. After 21 days of culture, the use of 4 mL L-1 of PPMTM inhibited the bacterial growth and reduced fungal contamination. The addition of BAP to the culture medium above 10 µM inhibited the formation and growth of new shoots, while additions of less than 7,5 µM had no effect. The molecular identification of the endophytic fungi isolated during the in vitro culture indicated the presence of numerous fungal species, increasing the current knowledge about the diversity of fungi associated with bamboo.

scholarly journals Biochemical assessment of in vitro and in vivo culture of Tylophora indica (Burm. F.) Merr

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Antaryami Kaushik ◽  
Chandra Gurnani ◽  
Shyam Sunder ◽  
Abha Dhingra ◽  
Vikram Chimpa
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Tylophora Indica ◽  
Shoot Initiation ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Chlorophyll Protein

Tylophora indica (Burm. F.) Merr is an endangered plant which can be protected from extinction by its large scale production. Nodal segments of healthy plants are used as explants and cultured on MS Basal medium fortified with different growth regulators. Optimum shoot induction conditions from explants were established. In vitro and in vivo phytochemical test were done by using standard methods for chlorophyll, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and starch. 3mg/l 2, 4 D showed maximum and success full callus production. Shoot initiation started in 7 days and best shoot regeneration reported with 3 mg/ml BAP in Basal medium. Combination of IBA and NAA in concentration 2 and 4 mg/l respectively proved to be best for root initiation. Concentration of chlorophyll, protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and starch in vitro and in vivo culture are investigated. DOI: 10.3126/kuset.v6i2.4005Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol.6. No II, November, 2010, pp.1-5

scholarly journals HPLC METHOD FOR QUANTIFICATION OF ELLAGIC ACID IN IN VIVO AND IN VITRO PLANT PARTS OF OROXYLUM INDICUM (L.) VENT.

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Esha Rami ◽  
Saurabh Rami ◽  
Illa Patel
Keyword(s):  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Oroxylum Indicum

ABSTRACT Objective: The present study was performed to investigate the comparative analysis of ellagic acid content in in vivo (stem, leaf and root) and in vitro (callus, in vitro developed root and shoot) samples of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. an important medicinal plant.Methods: For in vitro culture, seedling explants were inoculated on MS (Murashige and Skoog’s, 1962) medium, supplemented with BAP and Kn alone and combination with IAA. Analytical method HPLC was developed for the quantification of ellagic acid in in vivo and in vitro samples.Result: BAP combination with IAA was best for shoot multiplication, BAP with 2,4-D were used for callus proliferation. HPLC analysis of these extracts revealed that the quantity of ellagic acid present in both the samples but maximum ellagic acid content was obtained in leaves among all plant parts.Conclusion: Hence, the present study showed the in vivo as well as in vitro samples contain ellagic acid. That can be used for its large scale production in future. Key-words: Oroxylum indicum, ellagic acid, HPLC   

scholarly journals Production and Purification of Artificial Circular RNA Sponges for Application in Molecular Biology and Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Breuer ◽  
Oliver Rossbach
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
In Vitro Transcription ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Characterized by their covalently closed structure and thus an elevated stability compared to linear RNA molecules, circular RNAs (circRNAs) form a novel class of mainly non-coding RNAs. Although the biological functions of naturally occurring circRNAs are largely unknown, they were reported to act as molecular sponges, sequestering microRNAs (miRNAs), resulting in a de-repression of target mRNAs. Taking these characteristics of naturally occurring circRNAs into account, artificial circRNAs could be a potential tool in molecular biology and medicine. Using the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a model system, this application of artificial circular RNAs was demonstrated. The virus requires cellular miRNA miR-122 for its life cycle, and circRNAs specifically engineered to efficiently sequester this miRNA impacted viral propagation. Since in this context the production of engineered circRNA remains the limiting factor, we present a method to produce and efficiently purify artificial circRNA sponges (ciRS) in vitro. In this protocol we provide insights into a small-scale and large-scale production technique of artificial circular RNA sponges relying on in vitro transcription and RNA ligation.

scholarly journals Effect of Growth Regulators Concentrations on in Vitro Multiplication of Three Elite Sugarcane (Saccharum Officinarum L.) Genotypes using Shoottip Culture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerema Amente ◽  
Tileye Feyissa
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Large Scale Production

Abstract Conventional vegetative propagation of sugarcane generally has low multiplication rate and allows distribution of diseases. Micropropagation is the only practical means of achieving rapid, large-scale production of disease-free quality planting material. Experiments on shoot tip culture initiation and shoot multiplication were laid out in completely randomized design with 2x3x3 and 4x5x3 factorial treatment arrangements respectively. Data was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant means were separated using Duncan's multiple range tests. With regard to shoot multiplication, genotype Q200 showed a maximum of 13.59 shoots per explant with 5.83cm shoot length on a medium fortified with 2 mg/l BAP alone, while genotype Q217 produced a maximum of 15.28 shoots per explant with 5.37cm mean shoot length on a medium supplied with 2.0 mg/l BAP and 0.25 mg/l kinetin. Likewise, Co-0238 produced maximum of 13.56 shoots per explant with mean shoot length 6.50 cm on medium fortified with 1.5 mg/l BAP + 0.5mg/l kinetin

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF CA DONG PEOPLE IN RESETTLEMENT AREA OF TRANH RIVER HYDROPOWER NUMBER 2: CURRENT SITUATION AND IMPACT FACTORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bùi Thị Bích Lan
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Technical Application ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Role Of The State

In Vietnam, the construction of hydropower projects has contributed significantly in the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country. The place where hydropower projects are built is mostly inhabited by ethnic minorities - communities that rely primarily on land, a very important source of livelihood security. In the context of the lack of common productive land in resettlement areas, the orientation for agricultural production is to promote indigenous knowledge combined with increasing scientific and technical application; shifting from small-scale production practices to large-scale commodity production. However, the research results of this article show that many obstacles in the transition process are being posed such as limitations on natural resources, traditional production thinking or the suitability and effectiveness of scientific - technical application models. When agricultural production does not ensure food security, a number of implications for people’s lives are increasingly evident, such as poverty, preserving cultural identity, social relations and resource protection. Since then, it has set the role of the State in researching and building appropriate agricultural production models to exploit local strengths and ensure sustainability.

scholarly journals Lentiviral Vectors for Delivery of Gene-Editing Systems Based on CRISPR/Cas: Current State and Perspectives

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1288
Author(s):  
Wendy Dong ◽  
Boris Kantor
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Lentiviral Vector ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Base Editing ◽  
Epigenome Editing ◽  
Vector Systems ◽  
Dividing Cells

CRISPR/Cas technology has revolutionized the fields of the genome- and epigenome-editing by supplying unparalleled control over genomic sequences and expression. Lentiviral vector (LV) systems are one of the main delivery vehicles for the CRISPR/Cas systems due to (i) its ability to carry bulky and complex transgenes and (ii) sustain robust and long-term expression in a broad range of dividing and non-dividing cells in vitro and in vivo. It is thus reasonable that substantial effort has been allocated towards the development of the improved and optimized LV systems for effective and accurate gene-to-cell transfer of CRISPR/Cas tools. The main effort on that end has been put towards the improvement and optimization of the vector’s expression, development of integrase-deficient lentiviral vector (IDLV), aiming to minimize the risk of oncogenicity, toxicity, and pathogenicity, and enhancing manufacturing protocols for clinical applications required large-scale production. In this review, we will devote attention to (i) the basic biology of lentiviruses, and (ii) recent advances in the development of safer and more efficient CRISPR/Cas vector systems towards their use in preclinical and clinical applications. In addition, we will discuss in detail the recent progress in the repurposing of CRISPR/Cas systems related to base-editing and prime-editing applications.

scholarly journals In vitro multiplication, micromorphological studies and ex vitro rooting of Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F. Muell. – a rare medicinal plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahipal S. Shekhawat ◽  
M. Manokari
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Culture Bottle ◽  
Hybanthus Enneaspermus ◽  
Half Strength

AbstractHybanthus enneaspermusis a rare medicinal plant. We defined a protocol for micropropagation,ex vitrorooting of cloned shoots and their acclimatization. Surface-sterilized nodal segments were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin (Kin). Medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L−1BAP was found optimum for shoot induction from the explants and 6.4±0.69 shoots were regenerated from each node with 97% response. Shoots were further proliferated maximally (228±10.3 shoots per culture bottle with 7.5±0.43 cm length) on MS medium augmented with 1.0 mg L−1each of BAP and Kin within 4–5 weeks. The shoots were rootedin vitroon half strength MS medium containing 2.0 mg L−1indole-3 butyric acid (IBA). The cloned shoots were pulse-treated with 300 mg L–1 of IBA and cultured on soilrite® in a greenhouse. About 96% of the IBA-pulsed shoots rootedex vitroin soilrite®, each shoot producing 12.5±0.54 roots with 5.1±0.62 cm length. Theex vitrorooted plantlets showed a better rate of survival (92%) in a field study thanin vitrorooted plantlets (86%). A comparative foliar micromorphological study ofH. enneaspermuswas conducted to understand the micromorphological changes during plant developmental processes fromin vitrotoin vivoconditions in terms of variations in stomata, vein structures and spacing, and trichomes. This is the first report onex vitrorooting inH. enneaspermusand the protocol can be exploited for conservation and large-scale propagation of this rare and medicinally important plant.

scholarly journals Influence of Cytokinins in Combination with GA3on Shoot Multiplication and Elongation of Tea Clone Iran 100 (Camellia sinensis(L.) O. Kuntze)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Azadi Gonbad ◽  
Uma Rani Sinniah ◽  
Maheran Abdul Aziz ◽  
Rosfarizan Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Nodal Segment ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Solid Media

The use ofin vitroculture has been accepted as an efficient technique for clonal propagation of many woody plants. In the present research, we report the results of a number of experiments aimed at optimizing micropropagation protocol for tea (Camellia sinensis(L.) O. Kuntze) (clone Iran 100) using nodal segments as the explant. The effect of different combinations and concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGR) (BAP, TDZ, GA3) on shoot multiplication and elongation was assessed. The influence of exposure to IBA in liquid form prior to transfer to solid media on rooting of tea microshoots was investigated. The results of this study showed that the best treatment for nodal segment multiplication in terms of the number of shoot per explant and shoot elongation was obtained using 3 mg/L BAP in combination with 0.5 mg/L GA3. TDZ was found to be inappropriate for multiplication of tea clone Iran 100 as it resulted in hyperhydricity especially at concentrations higher than 0.05 mg/L. Healthy shoots treated with 300 mg/L IBA for 30 min followed by transfer to 1/2 strength MS medium devoid of PGR resulted in 72.3% of shoots producing roots and upon transferring them to acclimatization chamber 65% survival was obtained prior to field transfer.

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