scholarly journals Factors Affecting Household Expenditure using OLS Method: A Case Study of Ward Number 6 of Sidhalek Rural Municipality, Dhading, Nepal

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Rural Municipality ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Significant Factors

Background: The role of annual household expenditure is very important to run a family smoothly. It incorporates the total expenditure of a family who is residing in a house for their livelihood. There are different factors associated with annual household expenditure, and the assessment of them and identification of such factors play a vital role in the concerned area. Objective: To identify the most significant factors associated with annual household expenditure using an appropriate statistical model. Materials and Methods: The study based on cross-sectional study design with 168 households from ward number 6 of Sidhalek rural municipality of Dhading district were considered for the analysis. The multiple linear regression model followed by appropriate bivariate analysis was used to identify the significant factors associated with the outcome variable. Results: Number of literate persons of working age (β = 0.018, 95% CI: 0.004 - 0.032), remittance-receiving status (β = 0.093, 95% CI: 0.026 - 0.160), and gender of household head (β = 0.089, 95% CI: 0.023 - 0.155) was significantly associated with the annual household expenditure. The goodness of fit and diagnostics of the fitted model were also performed. Conclusion: The annual household expenditure is significantly higher among those households having more literate persons of working age, headed by a male and receiving remittance. Considerable improvements need to be made towards the improvements on human capital and remittance-receiving status particularly in the rural area of Nepal.

Factors Associated with The Incidence of Infection in Tracheostomy Stoma at Mohammad Hoesin Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 842-850
Author(s):  
Lisa Apri Yanti ◽  
Nelly Oktriyani ◽  
Erial Bahar
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Tracheostomy Tube ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Medical Record Data ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Record Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Significant Factors

Introduction: Tracheostomy is a surgery to open the trachea to allow air to enter the airway. Tracheostomy cannot be separated from possible complications. Tracheostomy stoma infection is one of the complications of post-tracheostomy that occurs due to the activity of several bacteria. Many factros can cause the incidence of tracheostomy stoma infection. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the factors associated with the incidence of tracheostomy stoma infection. Methods: Observational study with cross-sectional design. Data collection was carried out using medical record data on 71 subjects who underwent tracheostomy tube replacement from july 2019 to November 2020. Results: From 71 subjects, it was found that the subjects who had tracheostomy stoma infection were 54.9%. The results of bivariate analysis showed that age (p=0.031), comorbidities (p=0.009), the type of tracheostomy tube (p=0.015), the use of antiseptic in tracheostomy dressing (p=0.020), tracheostomy tube care (p=0.013), and the interval of changing the tracheostomy tube (p=0.041) are the significant factors. The results of multivariate analysis showed that tracheostomy tube care and the interval of changing the tracheostomy tube had a significant effect on tracheostomy stoma infection. Tracheostomy tube care has a risk of 9.362 times to experience infection with CI95%(1.535-57.086) and the interval of changing the tracheostomy tube has a risk of 10.669 with CI95% (1.074-105.985). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between age, comorbidities, type of tracheostomy tube, the use of antiseptic in tracheosotmy dressing, tracheosotmy tube care, and interval of changing the tracheostomy tube with the incidence of tracheostomy stoma infection.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Poor Self-rated Health in Machhapuchhre Rural Municipality of Kaski District, Nepal: A Cross-sectional Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Bimala Sharma ◽  
S Wagle ◽  
N Shrestha ◽  
MP Bhatt ◽  
BR Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
General Health ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
General Health Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Municipality ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Self Rated Health

Introduction: Self-rated health reflects respondents’ overall perceptions of their general health status. It is a simple and reliable measure of general health status of the population. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess prevalence and associated factors of poor self-rated health among adult population in Machhapuchhre Rural Municipality of Kaski District, Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional household survey was conducted among adult population at Machhapuchhre Rural Municipality. A structured questionnaire was used for the face to face interview. Household survey was conducted in July 2018. Self-rated health was measured by using a single question such as ‘In general, how would you rate your health?’ Responses were arranged along a five-point Likert-type scale: ‘excellent’, ‘good’, ‘fair’, ‘poor’ and very poor. The outcome variable was dichotomized as ‘good’ (excellent, good or fair) or ‘poor’ (poor or very poor). Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed; and odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals for poor self-rated health were presented. Results: Of total respondents, 13.2% respondents reported that they perceived their health as poor. Of the total, 14.3% respondents stated themselves as overweight and 8.8% mentioned they were unhappy. The study found that illiterate respondents, respondents with smoking habit and the individuals with poor psychological conditions were more likely to perceive their health as poor. Illiteracy, current smoking, perceived overweight, unhappiness, suicidal ideation and having depressed feeling were significant factors associated with poor self-rated health in the study. Conclusion: Education, health behavior and psychosocial health variables has important influences on self-rated health.

scholarly journals Factors affecting under-five mortality in Ethiopia: a multi-level negative binomial model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bisrat Misganew Geremew ◽  
Kassahun Alemu Gelaye ◽  
Alemakef Wagnew Melesse ◽  
Temesgen Yihunie Akalu ◽  
Adhanom Gebreegziabher Baraki
Keyword(s):  
Birth Interval ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Significant Factors

Abstract Introduction: Under-five mortality is a key indicator of countries’ developmental status. Even though remarkable declines in under-five mortality rates, nearly 5.6 million children still die annually worldwide before their fifth birthday. The 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) report revealed that 67 children per 1,000 live births died before the fifth birthday. This study was aimed at determining factors affecting under-five mortality in Ethiopia using EDHS, 2016.Methods: The data was retrieved from the EDHS 2016. A total weighted number of 11,023 under-five children were included in this study. Descriptive statistics were done and reported using tables, graphs, and texts. The multilevel negative binomial regression model was fitted to identify significant factors of under-five mortality. Adjusted Incidence rate (AIRR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-value <0.05 in the multivariable model were reported. The goodness of fit was checked using the deviance test.Results: Mother attained higher education (AIRR=0.25, 95% CI: 0.10-0.66); female-headed household (AIRR=1.32, 95%CI:1.05-1.66); age of household head (AIRR=1.07, 95%CI: 1.03,1.11); preceding birth interval ≥48 months (AIRR=0.51, 95%CI: 0.42-0.61); child’s had history of diarrhea (AIRR=1.23, 95% CI:1.08-1.41); multiple birth type (AIRR=1.80, 95% CI:1.34-2.42); mothers delivered in health facility (IRR=0.86, 95% CI:0.73,0.94), residents of Addis Ababa (AIRR=0.52, 95%CI: 0.28-0.98), and Amhara region (AIRR=1.43, 95%CI: 1.09, 1.88) were statistically significant factors to under-five mortality in Ethiopia.Conclusion: In this study, under-five mortality remains a public health problem in Ethiopia. Mothers education level, women delivered at health institution, preceding birth interval 24-35 and ≥48, and residents of Addis Ababa have reduced the incidence of under-five mortality. On the other hand, being a female household head, age of mother at first giving birth, being employment, having multiple births and having childhood diarrhea was associated with a higher incidence of under-five mortality. This finding suggests that enhancing opportunities to female education, addressing regional disparities, and encouraging mothers to deliver at health institutions will help to combat the burden of under-five mortality. Keywords: Under-five mortality, negative binomial, multilevel analysis, Ethiopia

scholarly journals Factors associated with nursing workload in three intensive care units

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Isabel Cáceres Rivera ◽  
Claudia Consuelo Torres ◽  
Luis Alberto López Romero
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Apache Ii ◽  
Nursing Workload ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Apache Ii Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the nursing workload in intensive care units (ICUs) and the factors associated with the Nursing Activities Score (NAS). Method: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in three ICUs in Bucaramanga, Colombia, between February 2018 and February 2020. The nursing workload was estimated based on the NAS. A descriptive and bivariate analysis stratified by ICU was performed using a robust multiple linear regression model, and the factors associated with the nursing workload (p < 0.05) were estimated. Results: In this study, 362 records were included. The median NAS was 68.1 points (Q1:47.2–Q3:116.7). APACHE II (β = 3.13, CI: 95% 2.28; 3.98), days of stay in ICU ≥3 (β = 16.78, CI: 95% 6.15; 27.41), surgery provenance service (β = 22.31, CI: 95% 9.76; 34.86), and traumatology and emergencies diagnostic category (β = 33.72, CI 95%: 9.90; 57.53) were associated with high NAS scores. Conclusion: The nursing staff spend approximately 70% of their time on a single patient, and administrative work takes up most of their time. Hospital stays of longer than 3 days, high APACHE II score, coming from the surgery department, and having a diagnosis of trauma and emergency were associated with a high workload.

White matter hyperintensity in middle-age adults (40–59 years) and risk factors for cerebrovascular disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
E. V. Gnedovskaya ◽  
M. A. Kravchenko ◽  
M. V. Krotenkova ◽  
A. N. Sergeeva ◽  
T. R. Zagidullin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Cerebrovascular Risk ◽  
Brachiocephalic Arteries ◽  
Significant Factors

Introduction. White matter hyperintensity (WMH) is a neuroimaging age-related phenomenon associated with an increased cardiovascular risk in people with arterial hypertension (AH). The prevalence of WMH and its relationship with risk factors for cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in middle-age population requires clarification. Aim: to assess the prevalence of the WMH phenomenon in people of working age (40–59 years) and to establish cerebrovascular risk factors associated with its development. Material and methods. Study cohort (n = 376; 156 (41.5%) men and 220 (58.5%) women; mean age 49.7 ± 5.0 years) was formed by screening an open population (40–59 years of age). Using a questionnaire and clinical, laboratory and instrumental findings, including brain MRI (1T), the prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factors was analyzed. The odds ratio (OR) of the event occurring and a 95% confidence interval were calculated. Results. High prevalence of risk factors was revealed in the age group of 40–59 years, including AH in 46.7%, increased body mass index (BMI) in 60.6%, dyslipidemia (up to 39%), metabolic syndrome in 21.5%, thickening of the intima-media complex in 57.2%, atherosclerotic plaques in 49.7% of all cases. WMH was identified in 32% (120/376) of the subjects examined. An association between presence, severity of WMH and age, presence and severity of AH, as well as total burden of vascular risk factors was established. The most significant factors associated with the development of WMH in people aged 40–59 were found to be AH (OR 3.35), atherosclerosis of the brachiocephalic arteries (OR 1.79), and hyperglycemia (OR 1.36). Conclusion. Thus, there is a high prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the working-age population of the megalopolis (Moscow) at the age of 40–59 years, which is associated with accelerated WMH formation. Significant factors that are associated with WMH are AH, atherosclerosis of the brachiocephalic arteries, hyperglycemia, as well as dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome. Early detection and management of the listed modifiable risk factors are necessary to prevent the development and progression of cerebral injury.

Negotiation and Determinants of Condom Use among Female Sex Workers in Denpasar

2016 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
P. Sukma Megaputri ◽  
A.A.S. Sawitri ◽  
D.N. Wirawan
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Negotiation Strategies ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Condom Negotiation ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Significant Factors

Background and purpose: Integrated Biological Behavior Survey (IBBS) in 2011 showed that use of condoms among clients of female sex workers (FSW) was low. This was likely associated with tha lack of negotiations by FSWs. This study aims to determine negotiation strategies and determinants of condom use among FSWs in Denpasar.Methods: Cross-sectional survey was conducted among 100 brothel FSWs selected by cluster random sampling in some locations in Denpasar. Data was collected through interviews using questionnaires on: socio-demographic characteristics, internal and external factors, condom negotiations and condom use. Questionnaire about condom negotiation was a modification of Condom Influence Strategy Questionnaire (CISQ) developed by Noar. Bivariate analysis was conducted using chi square test and multivariate analysis by logistic regression.Results: About 87% FSWs reported use condoms during the last sexual intercourse with their clients and 63% reported always used condom in the last week. About 37% of clients carried condoms when they visit FSWs and 58% of FSWs reported that they negotiated condom to their clients. Among 63% of clients who did not carry condoms 92.1% of them eventually wear condoms after negotiated by FSWs. Negotiating strategy used by FSWs were direct request, conseptualizing relationships, risk information and deception. Significant factors associated with condom use were age of FSWs (AOR=4.1; 95%CI: 1.32-12.4), the availability of condoms (AOR=8.8; 95%CI: 2.8-27.7) and negotiations (AOR=3.9; 95%CI: 1.4-10.8).Conclusion: Most frequent negotiation strategy used was direct request to their clients. Significant factors associated with condom use were age of FSWs, availability of condom and condom negotiation.

scholarly journals Household expenses in healthcare and its coping mechanism in rural Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4750
Author(s):  
Aliza Shrestha ◽  
Susmita Nepal ◽  
Aassmi Poudyal
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Coping Mechanism ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Region

Background: In Nepal, the most frequent mode of payment for health care is household expenditure. It accounts for more than half of all health-care expenditures. In addition, the study intends to investigate household expenditure on health care and its coping mechanisms in Nepal's rural districts.Methods: This is a quantitative, cross-sectional study in which 410 households were chosen using a multiple sampling procedure. The research study region was chosen using a purposive sampling strategy. The two wards for the study were chosen by a lottery system. The estimated households were then chosen using a systematic random selection technique. A semi-structured questionnaire was utilized to gather data, and a face-to-face interview with the household head was undertaken to obtain the data. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze all of the data.Results: The overall household health expenditure in Miklajung rural municipality was determined to be 31.7% in the previous six months, with the biggest expenditure in medicine/drugs or pharmacies, followed by in-patient care and health treatment abroad. Income/savings was discovered to be a major coping mechanism used to deal with household expenditure and was found to be significantly associated in a bivariate analysis with type of illness, age, and more with a confidence interval of 95% in a bivariate analysis.Conclusions: At the conclusion of the investigation, we discovered that people spent the most money on medicines and drugs, followed by in-patient hospital care. According to the findings, a significant portion of the target group used their income and savings to cover unexpected healthcare costs.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with The Incidence of Infection in Tracheostomy Stoma at Mohammad Hoesin Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 814-822
Author(s):  
Lisa Apri Yanti ◽  
Nelly Oktriyani ◽  
Erial Bahar
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Tracheostomy Tube ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Medical Record Data ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Record Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Significant Factors

Introduction: Tracheostomy is a surgery to open the trachea to allow air to enter the airway. Tracheostomy cannot be separated from possible complications. Tracheostomy stoma infection is one of the complications of post-tracheostomy that occurs due to the activity of several bacteria. Many factros can cause the incidence of tracheostomy stoma infection. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the factors associated with the incidence of tracheostomy stoma infection. Methods: Observational study with cross-sectional design. Data collection was carried out using medical record data on 71 subjects who underwent tracheostomy tube replacement from july 2019 to November 2020. Results: From 71 subjects, it was found that the subjects who had tracheostomy stoma infection were 54.9%. The results of bivariate analysis showed that age (p=0.031), comorbidities (p=0.009), the type of tracheostomy tube (p=0.015), the use of antiseptic in tracheostomy dressing (p=0.020), tracheostomy tube care (p=0.013), and the interval of changing the tracheostomy tube (p=0.041) are the significant factors. The results of multivariate analysis showed that tracheostomy tube care and the interval of changing the tracheostomy tube had a significant effect on tracheostomy stoma infection. Tracheostomy tube care has a risk of 9.362 times to experience infection with CI95%(1.535-57.086) and the interval of changing the tracheostomy tube has a risk of 10.669 with CI95% (1.074-105.985). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between age, comorbidities, type of tracheostomy tube, the use of antiseptic in tracheosotmy dressing, tracheosotmy tube care, and interval of changing the tracheostomy tube with the incidence of tracheostomy stoma infection.

Characteristics of Physician Relocation Following Hurricane Katrina

2009 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Kusuma Madamala ◽  
Claudia R. Campbell ◽  
Edbert B. Hsu ◽  
Yu-Hsiang Hsieh ◽  
James James
Keyword(s):  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Introduction: On Aug. 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina made landfall along the Gulf Coast of the United States, resulting in the evacuation of more than 1.5 million people, including nearly 6000 physicians. This article examines the relocation patterns of physicians following the storm, determines the impact that the disaster had on their lives and practices, and identifies lessons learned. Methods: An Internet-based survey was conducted among licensed physicians reporting addresses within Federal Emergency Management Agency-designated disaster zones in Louisiana and Mississippi. Descriptive data analysis was used to describe respondent characteristics. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the factors associated with physician nonreturn to original practice. For those remaining relocated out of state, bivariate analysis with x2 or Fisher exact test was used to determine factors associated with plans to return to original practice. Results: A total of 312 eligible responses were collected. Among disaster zone respondents, 85.6 percent lived in Louisiana and 14.4 percent resided in Mississippi before the hurricane struck. By spring 2006, 75.6 percent (n = 236) of the respondents had returned to their original homes, whereas 24.4 percent (n = 76) remained displaced. Factors associated with nonreturn to original employment included family or general medicine practice (OR 0.42, 95 percent CI 0.17–1.04; P = .059) and severe or complete damage to the workplace (OR 0.24, 95 percent CI 0.13–0.42; P &lt; .001). Conclusions: A sizeable proportion of physicians remain displaced after Hurricane Katrina, along with a lasting decrease in the number of physicians serving in the areas affected by the disaster. Programs designed to address identified physician needs in the aftermath of the storm may give confidence to displaced physicians to return.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document