scholarly journals Factors affecting under-five mortality in Ethiopia: a multi-level negative binomial model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bisrat Misganew Geremew ◽  
Kassahun Alemu Gelaye ◽  
Alemakef Wagnew Melesse ◽  
Temesgen Yihunie Akalu ◽  
Adhanom Gebreegziabher Baraki
Keyword(s):  
Birth Interval ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Significant Factors

Abstract Introduction: Under-five mortality is a key indicator of countries’ developmental status. Even though remarkable declines in under-five mortality rates, nearly 5.6 million children still die annually worldwide before their fifth birthday. The 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) report revealed that 67 children per 1,000 live births died before the fifth birthday. This study was aimed at determining factors affecting under-five mortality in Ethiopia using EDHS, 2016.Methods: The data was retrieved from the EDHS 2016. A total weighted number of 11,023 under-five children were included in this study. Descriptive statistics were done and reported using tables, graphs, and texts. The multilevel negative binomial regression model was fitted to identify significant factors of under-five mortality. Adjusted Incidence rate (AIRR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-value <0.05 in the multivariable model were reported. The goodness of fit was checked using the deviance test.Results: Mother attained higher education (AIRR=0.25, 95% CI: 0.10-0.66); female-headed household (AIRR=1.32, 95%CI:1.05-1.66); age of household head (AIRR=1.07, 95%CI: 1.03,1.11); preceding birth interval ≥48 months (AIRR=0.51, 95%CI: 0.42-0.61); child’s had history of diarrhea (AIRR=1.23, 95% CI:1.08-1.41); multiple birth type (AIRR=1.80, 95% CI:1.34-2.42); mothers delivered in health facility (IRR=0.86, 95% CI:0.73,0.94), residents of Addis Ababa (AIRR=0.52, 95%CI: 0.28-0.98), and Amhara region (AIRR=1.43, 95%CI: 1.09, 1.88) were statistically significant factors to under-five mortality in Ethiopia.Conclusion: In this study, under-five mortality remains a public health problem in Ethiopia. Mothers education level, women delivered at health institution, preceding birth interval 24-35 and ≥48, and residents of Addis Ababa have reduced the incidence of under-five mortality. On the other hand, being a female household head, age of mother at first giving birth, being employment, having multiple births and having childhood diarrhea was associated with a higher incidence of under-five mortality. This finding suggests that enhancing opportunities to female education, addressing regional disparities, and encouraging mothers to deliver at health institutions will help to combat the burden of under-five mortality. Keywords: Under-five mortality, negative binomial, multilevel analysis, Ethiopia

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Under-Five Mortality in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Negative Binomial Model

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 11 ◽  
pp. 525-534
Author(s):  
Bisrat Misganew Geremew ◽  
Kassahun Alemu Gelaye ◽  
Alemakef Wagnew Melesse ◽  
Temesgen Yihunie Akalu ◽  
Adhanom Gebreegziabher Baraki
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Model ◽  
Binomial Model ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Multilevel Negative Binomial Model

scholarly journals Investigating Pedestrian Injury Crashes on Modern Roundabouts in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2512 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getu Segni Tulu ◽  
M. Mazharul Haque ◽  
Simon Washington ◽  
Mark J. King
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Pedestrian Safety ◽  
Fit Statistics ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Multiple Observations ◽  
Pedestrian Crashes

Pedestrian crashes represent about 40% of total fatal crashes in low-income developing countries. Although many pedestrian crashes in these countries occur at unsignalized intersections such as roundabouts, studies focusing on this issue are limited. The objective of this study was to develop safety performance functions for pedestrian crashes at modern roundabouts to identify significant roadway geometric, traffic, and land use characteristics related to pedestrian safety. Detailed data, including various forms of exposure, geometric and traffic characteristics, and spatial factors such as proximity to schools and to drinking establishments were collected from a sample of 22 modern roundabouts in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, representing about 56% of such roundabouts in Addis Ababa. To account for spatial correlation resulting from multiple observations at a roundabout, both the random effect Poisson (REP) and random effect negative binomial (RENB) regression models were estimated. Model goodness-of-fit statistics revealed a marginally superior fit of the REP model to the data compared with the RENB model. Pedestrian crossing volume and the product of traffic volumes along major and minor roads had significant and positive associations with pedestrian crashes at roundabouts. The presence of a public transport (bus or taxi) terminal beside a roundabout was associated with increased pedestrian crashes. Although the maximum gradient of an approach road was negatively associated with pedestrian safety, the provision of a raised median along an approach appeared to increase pedestrian safety at roundabouts. Remedial measures were identified for combating pedestrian safety problems at roundabouts in the context of a developing country.

scholarly journals Determinants of Under-Five Mortality in High Mortality Regions of Ethiopia: An Analysis of the 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Gebretsadik ◽  
Emmanuel Gabreyohannes
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Health Survey Data ◽  
Low Probability

The study was a secondary analysis of existing data from the 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data. Of the 2097 live births recorded in Affar, Somali, Benishangul-Gumuz, and Gambela regions of Ethiopia between 2006 and 2011, 366 deaths before the age of five years were reported. The univariable and multivariable Cox proportional regression models were fitted to select the factors affecting under-five mortality in these regions. The model revealed that under-five mortality significantly associated with preceding birth interval, family size, birth type, breastfeeding status, source of drinking water, and income of mother. Children born after a preceding birth interval of 2-3 years and 3 years and above were significantly less likely to have died before their fifth birthday than those born within two years. Children who were breastfed, for any period, were 25.5% (HR 1.255, 1.005–1.567, p = 0.045) less likely to have died before their fifth birthday than those who were not breastfed. Increased birth interval time corresponds to a low probability of child mortality. Thus, mothers should be encouraged to wait for a sufficient number of months after a birth to conceive another child. Furthermore, breastfeeding was of paramount importance in the fight against child mortality.

scholarly journals Joint Modeling of Poverty of Households and Malnutrition of Children Under Five Years from Demographic and Health Survey Data: Case of Rwanda

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2(J)) ◽  
pp. 108-114
Author(s):  
Faustin Habyarimana ◽  
Temesgen Zewotir ◽  
Shaun Ramroop
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Joint Modeling ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Health Survey Data

The main objective of this study was to identify the risk factors associated to malnutrition of children under five years and poverty and assess the correlation between them. We created a composite index from three anthropometric indictors (stunting, underweight and wasting).A multivariate joint model using the generalized linear mixed model was utilized for the analyses of the data. Child age, birth order of the children, the gender of children, birth weights of the children, multiple birth of the child, fever, anemia of the mother, body mass index of the mother, mother’s education level, mother’s knowledge on nutrition, age of household head, source of drinking water, toilet facilities, place of residence of household, source of drinking water and province were found to be significantly related to poverty and malnutrition. The study revealed a positive correlation between poverty of household and malnutrition of children less than five years

scholarly journals Determinants of Under-Five Mortality in Tach-Armachiho District, North Gondar, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
AGMAS SISAY ABERA ◽  
HUNACHEW KIBRET YOHANNIS
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Poisson Regression Model ◽  
Place Of Delivery ◽  
Under Five

Abstract Background: Under-five mortality rate, often known by its acronym U5MR, indicates the probability of dying between birth and five years of age, expressed per 1,000 live births. Globally, 16,000 children under-five still die every day. Especially in Sub-Saharan Africa every 1 child in 12, dying before his or her fifth birthday. This study aims to identify the determinants of under-five mortality among women in child bearing age group of Tach-Armachiho district using count regression models. Methods: For achieving the objective, a two stage random sampling technique (simple random sampling and systematic random sampling techniques in the first and second stages respectively) was used to select women respondents. The sample survey conducted in Tach-Armachiho district considered a total of 3815 households of women aged 15 to 49 years out of which the information was collected from 446 selected women through interviewer administrated questionnaire. Results: The descriptive statistics result showed that in the district 16.6% of mothers have faced the problem of at least one under-five death. In this study, Poisson regression, negative binomial, zero-inflated Poisson and zero-inflated negative binomial regression models were applied for data analysis. Each of these count models were compared by different statistical tests. So that, zero-inflated poisson regression model was found to be the best fit for the collected data. Results of the zero-inflated Poisson regression model showed that education of husband, source of water, mother occupation, kebele of mother, prenatal care, place of delivery, place of residence, wealth of house hold, average birth interval and average breast feeding were found to be statistically significant determinants of under-five mortality. Conclusions: In this study, it was found that the factors like average birth interval and average breast feeding were found to be statistically significant factors in both groups (not always zero category and always zero category) with under-five child death whereas education of husband, source of water, place of delivery, mother occupation and wealth index of the household have significant effect on under-five mortality under not always zero group. Place of residence, kebele of mother and prenatal care have a significant effect on under-five mortality in Tach-Armachiho district on inflated group.

scholarly journals The Burden of Diarrheal Diseases among Children under Five Years of Age in Arba Minch District, Southern Ethiopia, and Associated Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikur Mohammed ◽  
Dessalegn Tamiru
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five

Introduction. In Ethiopia diarrhea is the second cause for clinical presentation among under five-year child population next to pneumonia and it is also more common in rural than in urban areas. Methods. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Arba Minch District. Data were collected using structured questionnaire by trained data collectors. To identify predictors of diarrhea the negative binomial regression model was used to predict and control the effect of confounders. Results. The prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children was 30.5%. This study showed children whose mothers did not attend any formal education were 89% more likely to develop diarrhea (APR = 1.89, [95% CI: 1.35, 2.53]) compared to their counterparts. Similarly, children’s being in age category 6-23 months (APR = 2.78 [95% CI: 1.72, 4.55]) and mothers’ poor hand washing practice (APR = 2.33 [95% CI: 1.80, 4.15]) were found predictors of diarrhea. The study also showed that, out of 180 mothers whose child had got diarrhea, about 31% of mothers could not give anything to manage the diarrhea. Conclusions. In this study the prevalence of diarrhea was high which was significantly associated with maternal education level, age of the child, and personal hygiene practices. Therefore, women’s education level of at least primary school and enhancing community based behavioral change communications using multiple channels (radio) and community health workers are recommended to reduce the occurrence and consequences of childhood diarrhea in the study area.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Household Expenditure using OLS Method: A Case Study of Ward Number 6 of Sidhalek Rural Municipality, Dhading, Nepal

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Rural Municipality ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Significant Factors

Background: The role of annual household expenditure is very important to run a family smoothly. It incorporates the total expenditure of a family who is residing in a house for their livelihood. There are different factors associated with annual household expenditure, and the assessment of them and identification of such factors play a vital role in the concerned area. Objective: To identify the most significant factors associated with annual household expenditure using an appropriate statistical model. Materials and Methods: The study based on cross-sectional study design with 168 households from ward number 6 of Sidhalek rural municipality of Dhading district were considered for the analysis. The multiple linear regression model followed by appropriate bivariate analysis was used to identify the significant factors associated with the outcome variable. Results: Number of literate persons of working age (β = 0.018, 95% CI: 0.004 - 0.032), remittance-receiving status (β = 0.093, 95% CI: 0.026 - 0.160), and gender of household head (β = 0.089, 95% CI: 0.023 - 0.155) was significantly associated with the annual household expenditure. The goodness of fit and diagnostics of the fitted model were also performed. Conclusion: The annual household expenditure is significantly higher among those households having more literate persons of working age, headed by a male and receiving remittance. Considerable improvements need to be made towards the improvements on human capital and remittance-receiving status particularly in the rural area of Nepal.

scholarly journals Relapsing Time to Severe Acute Malnutrition and Hazards Among Children Treated in the Health Posts.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abera Lambebo ◽  
Desselegn Temiru ◽  
Tefera Belachew
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time To Relapse ◽  
Mean Time

Abstract Background: Malnutrition has many unpleasant results on child health during illness and after discharge. However, in Ethiopia there is luck of study that address either time to relapse or post discharge statusObjective: To identify time of relapse and associated factors among children discharged after undergoing treatment for SAM in South, Ethiopia Methods: An institution Retrospective cohort study was done among children admitted to health posts for treatment of SAM from 2014/2015-2019/2020 under-five children after discharge. After checking all the assumptions finally multivariable Cox regression has been used. All tests were two sided and P values <0.05 were used to declare statistical significance. Results: The mean time for relapse of severe acute malnutrition among under five children was determined us 22 at 95% CI, (20.69-24.82) week from discharge to relapse time.On multivariable negative binomial regression model, after adjusting for background variables time for relapse of severe acute undernutrition was significantly associated with edema during admission (AHR,2.02 ,95%, CI: 1.17-3.50), age group of 6-11 months (AHR 5.2,95%, CI:1.95-13.87), less discharge MUAC for first admission increase hazard of relapse (AHR 12,95%, CI: 7.90-19.52). Conclusion: The mean time was 22 week and edema, Age and MUAC was associated time to relapse.

Grower adoption of an integrated pest management package for management of mango-infesting fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Embu, Kenya

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (02) ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.K. Korir ◽  
H.D. Affognon ◽  
C.N. Ritho ◽  
W.S. Kingori ◽  
P. Irungu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model

Mango (Mangifera indicaL.) is a well-recognized fruit of economic and nutritional importance to smallholder farmers across Africa. Production and marketing of this fruit is, however, severely hampered by fruit fly infestation that is responsible for enormous fruit losses. In Kenya, control of this pest is primarily dependent on the use of chemical pesticides, a strategy that has been shown to be ineffective. Although the recently introduced fruit fly integrated pest management (IPM) package developed by the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe) has proved to be effective against this pest, there is little demonstrable investigation on its adoption to assess the factors likely to influence its acceptance among producers. A household survey was conducted among 805 randomly sampled mango farmers, and a negative binomial regression model was applied to the data in order to identify the factors influencing the intensity of the adoption of the fruit fly IPM package. Results revealed that 58.5% of the sampled mango farmers adopted at least one component of the fruit fly IPM package. Empirical results indicated that education of the household head, number of mature mango trees planted, keeping records of mango enterprise, use of protective clothing during spraying and participation in the IPM training at demonstration sites have a positive influence on the intensity of the adoption of the fruit fly IPM package in Embu, situated in eastern Kenya.

scholarly journals Application of Two Level Count Regression Modeling on the Determinants of Fertility among Married Women in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuru Mohammed Hussen
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Design ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Fertility Variation

Abstract Background: Fertility is the element of population dynamics that has a vital contribution towards changing population size and structure over time. The global population showed a major increment from time to time because of these dynamics, particularly in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. So this study targeted on the factors affecting fertility among married women in Ethiopia through the framework of multilevel count regression analysis using EDHS 2016 data.Methods: The sampling design for EDHS 2016 was a two-stage stratified cluster sampling design, where stratification was achieved by separating every region into urban and rural areas except the Addis Ababa region. Results: Among the random sample of 6141 women in the country, 27150 births were recorded based on EDHS 2016 report. The histograms showed that the data has a positively skewed distribution extremely picked at the beginning. Two- level negative binomial regression model was fitted to spot out the determinants of fertility among married women in Ethiopia because it has the smallest value for the fit statistics and the variance of the data was higher than its mean.Conclusion: Findings from the study revealed that contraception method used, residence, educational level of women, women’s age at first birth, and proceeding birth interval were the major predictors of fertility among married women in Ethiopia. Moreover, the estimates from the random effect result revealed that there is more fertility variation between the enumeration areas than within the enumeration areas. Application of standard models by ignoring this variation ought to embrace spurious results, then multilevel modeling is recommended for such types of hierarchical data.

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