scholarly journals Monitoring Antimicrobial Susceptibility in bacterial isolates causing Urinary Tract Infections in a Tertiary Hospital in Kathmandu

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar Singh ◽  
Mahesh Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Megha Raj Banjara ◽  
Reshma Tuladhar
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Tract Infections

   Urinary tract infection is the most common infection in females worldwide. One in three women experiences at least one episode of urinary tract infection during their lifetime. The objective of this study was to determine the etiology and antimicrobial profile of urinary tract infection. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Nepal. Thirteen hundred clean catch mid-stream urine samples were tested through standard microbiological techniques. The isolates from urine samples were identified from biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed through the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique following CLSI guidelines. The prevalence of urinary tract infection was found at 24.23%. Escherichia Coli was a predominant etiological agent followed by Staphylococcus aureus. The majority of the infection was found between the age group 21-40, with females mostly infected. Most of the microorganisms were isolated from emtergency, obstetrics-gynecology, and nephrology wards. Most of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, whereas the majority of the gram-positive isolates were resistant to penicillin.A large number of isolates were found to be sensitive to Gentamycin and nitrofurantoin. Routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates causing urinary tract infection is recommended to reduce antimicrobial resistance and for the  proper treatment of infection.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Urine Culture Isolates from Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre in Lalitpur

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 881-885
Author(s):  
Ruchee Manandhar ◽  
Bijendra Raj Raghubanshi ◽  
Moni Mahato ◽  
Sweekrity Neupane ◽  
Rajni Lama
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a microbial infection of the urinary system involving the urinary tract anywhere from kidney to urethra. It is one of the most common bacterial infections affecting men and women in developing countries with a high rate of morbidity and financial cost. Objectives: The objective of our study is to study the prevalence of UTI in patients attending KIST Medical College & Teaching Hospital (KISTMCTH), and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria thus isolated. Methodology: A total of 3742 urine samples from patients suspected of urinary tract infections presenting with the history and symptoms suggestive of urinary tract infection, attending various departments of KISTMCTH from April 2017 to April 2018 were studied. Isolates were identified by standard microbiological methods and tested for in vitro antibiotic susceptibility by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 646 out of 3742 urine samples (17.26%). Escherichia coli was the most common bacteria isolated (67.02%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.5%). Other bacteria isolated were Enterococcus spp, Pseudomonas aeurigenosa, Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus mirabilis, Satphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative staphylococcus spp, Proteus vulgaris, Acinetobacter spp, Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter diversus and Enterobacter spp. The isolated pathogenic bacterias were most resistant to Ampicillin (46.43%) and least resistant to Imipenem (6.03%). However, the first line antibiotic the bacterias were least resistant to was cefotaxime (7.12%). Conclusions: Marked resistance has been observed with commonly prescribed antibiotics like Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin. Therefore, studies should be conducted routinely to identify the common bacteria causing UTI and formulate appropriate antibiotic policy.

scholarly journals PSEUDOMONAS SPECIES CAUSING URINARY TRACT INFECTION AND ITS ANTIBIOGRAM AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Shobha Kl ◽  
Ramachandra L ◽  
Amita Shobha Rao ◽  
Anand Km ◽  
Gowrish Rao S
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Significant Bacteriuria

  Objectives: Pseudomonas species cause urinary tract infection (UTI). This study was conducted to isolate Pseudomonas species causing significant bacteriuria and to analyze its antibiogram at a tertiary care hospital.Methods: About 107 urine samples received in the laboratory from August 2015 to July 2016 having significant bacteriuria with Pseudomonas species were tested for antimicrobial activity. Samples were from both inpatients and patients attending as outpatients to a tertiary care hospital with different age groups and gender. Midstream urine samples were inoculated using a standard calibrated loop into blood agar and MacConkey agar following semi quantitative technique using Kass concept. MALD (Biomerio, ElToile, France) was used for speciation, and Vitex automated system (Biomerio, ElToile, France) was used for antibacterial sensitivity testing.Results: About 107 urine samples contained Pseudomonas species by MALDI obtained from 69 male (64.48%) and 38 (35.51%) female patients. Inpatients were 90 (84.11%) and 17 (15.88%) outpatient department (OPD) patients. Isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was from 90 samples (84.11%) and Pseudomonas putida in 17 (15.88%). Significant bacteriuria was more in the age group of ˃60 years in both genders. Susceptibility to gentamicin was 52 (48.59%), ceftazidime 56 (52.33%), and imipenem was 58 (54.20%). Organism was multidrug resistant in 49 (45.79%) samples.Conclusion: P. aeruginosa remains the most common uropathogen among Pseudomonas species. Drug of choice for inpatients suffering from UTI by Pseudomonas species can be gentamicin and for patients attending OPD can be ceftazidime. Imipenem can be the reserve drug. Periodic antibiotic review is required for proper treatment of UTI.

scholarly journals Incidence and Susceptibility of Uropathogens Isolated among the Patients at Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bigu Kumar Chaudhari ◽  
Ganesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Kamal Prasad Parajuli ◽  
Kewal Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Tract Infections

Background Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases which affect almost all ages groups of population. Production of â-lactamases is responsible for antibacterial resistance which is frequently observed in Enterobacteriaceae isolates, particularly by E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. This investigation has been carried out to determine the current status of prevalence and susceptibility of uropathogens isolated among the patients at tertiary care hospital in eastern Nepal.Material and Methods This study was done at the department of Microbiology, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal during May 1st 2015 to October 31st 2015. Midstream cleancatch urine was sampled from 1730 suspected urinary tract infection patients of different age and sex groups. Uropathogens were recognized in term of standard and specific microbiological techniques and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined by Kirby Bauer Disc diffusion method following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.Results Out of 1730 suspected specimens Culture resulted a total of 761 (43.98 %) positive and 969 (56.02%) negative among that significant growths of uropathogens including 700 (91.98 %) unimicrobial and 60 (7.88 %) polymicrobial growths. In term of Gender distribution 443 (25.60 %) were male and 1287 (74.40 %) were female hence the ratio is 0.34:1, respectively. E. coli was the leading isolate (66 %), followed by Klebsiella spp. (12 %), Enterococcus spp. (8 %), Pseudomonas spp. (6 %), Acinetobacter anitratus (5 %), Proteus spp. (3 %).Conclusion The high frequency of multidrug resistance in bacterial uropathogens was seen. Principally, resistance patterns were seen higher for amoxycillin, co-trimoxazole, flouroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins, Existing uropathogens highlights the highest rate of vulnerability to nitrofurantoin, amikacin and gentamicin which provide much better antibiotic coverage and can be adapted for practical treatment of urinary tract infections.  Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol.5(2) 2016; 51-55

scholarly journals A clinical study of uropathogens causing urinary tract infection in children and adolescents in a tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1549
Author(s):  
R. Abisha Rezia ◽  
R. Vijendra ◽  
Anjana Gopi
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Common

Background: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the common infections in children. Incidence varies with age, race and gender. UTIs have become difficult to treat due to development of resistance among uropathogens. Regional data regarding the common uropathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern is required to guide the clinicians to start empirical therapy while treating UTIs.Aims: This study is aimed to study the profile of uropathogens causing UTI in children and adolescents, assess their antimicrobial susceptibility, the clinical course and outcome.Methods: All subjects with suspected UTI whose urine samples grew a positive culture of uropathogens were included in this prospective observational study. The study was done in the Department of Microbiology from July 2019 to December 2019. The urine samples were processed by standard methods (using 5% sheep blood agar and MacConkey agar) and antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The details of the pathogens grown, and their antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance patterns were recorded, and the subjects were followed up during their course in the hospital.Results: A total of 109 urine samples from paediatric and adolescent subjects showed positive cultures (97.32%). UTI was common among toddlers (46.7%). E. coli contributed to 40.3% of the cases, followed by Enterococcus and Klebsiella pneumonaie. E. coli was resistant to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin. The organisms were sensitive to meropenem, amikacin and piperacillin + tazobactam.Conclusion: Incidence of UTI and the uropathogens causing UTI varies with age. Different uropathogens and their resistance to commonly used antimicrobials is a concern for future treatment options in UTI.

scholarly journals Prevalence of microorganisms causing catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) among catheterised patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinoth M. ◽  
Prabagaravarthanan R. ◽  
Bhaskar M.
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Indian subjects, affecting all age groups. Bacteriuria orcandiduria is almost inevitable in nearly half of the patients who require an indwelling urinary catheter for more than 5 days. The objective of this study was to find the prevalence of CAUTI infection and to determine their antibiotic profileMethods: The present cross-sectional study included 50 patients admitted to medicine and surgery wards in our hospital. The urine from catheter is collected from each patient and subjected to culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing.Results: The prevalence of catheter associated urinary tract infection in our hospital is about 20% and asymptomatic bacterial colonization is 50% which is nearequal to Danchaivijitr S et al study. The common pathogens found in this study are Escherichia coli (22%), Klebsiella (18%), Enterobacter (8%), Staph. aureus (6%) which include MRSA (4%), Pseudomonas (6%), Enterococcus (4%), Candida sps. (4%) Andproteus (2%).Conclusions: CAUTI has low prevalence 20% and asymptomatic colonisation 50% in our hospital with common pathogen being Escherichia coli. It is one of the important notable pathogen causing nosocomial infection among admitted patients. The patients present mainly as asymptomatic bacterial colonisation and risk of CAUTI increases with longer duration of catheterisation. All patients those who had catheter for more than 6 days, aged 60 and above, should be checked for UTI symptoms. And their urine should be cultured regularly in order to diagnose and prevent CAUTI and its complications which are very dangerous and difficult to treat.

scholarly journals Bacteremia and Urinary Tract Infection Caused byChromobacterium violaceum: Case Reports from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayan Dutt Pant ◽  
Subhash Prasad Acharya ◽  
Raju Bhandari ◽  
Uday Narayan Yadav ◽  
Dil Bahadur Saru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Chromobacterium Violaceum ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Suitable Treatment ◽  
Tract Infections

Chromobacterium violaceumis ubiquitous in the environment of tropical and subtropical regions but the infections caused by this organism are rare and the urinary tract infections caused by it are even rarer. Due to the propensity for hematogenous spread leading to fatal sepsis, the infections caused byChromobacterium violaceumhave high mortality rate (65–80%) with death occurring in as less as one week of acquiring infection. So, prompt proper treatment is necessary for successful treatment of the infections but, due to the rarity of the infections caused by the organism, there is limited awareness among the clinicians regarding the infections caused by this organism. Here, we reported a case of urinary tract infection caused byChromobacterium violaceumin a 84-year-old male, who was a kidney patient, and another case of bacteremia caused by the same bacterium in a road traffic accident patient (22-year-old male), both of which were managed with the timely suitable treatment.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Sensitivity Pattern in Positive Urine Culture for Urinary Tract Pathogens from Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Sahana John ◽  
Agasa Ramu Mahesh
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Hospital specific monitoring studies aims to determine the prevalence of the type of microorganisms that causes urinary infections and to assess the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern. A hospital based short term prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Sagar Hospital, Bengaluru from August to October 2020. Antimicrobial susceptibility in MIC test was performed for the isolated pathogens by using automated VITEK compact method and stratification was done according to ICU and NON-ICU patients with over 260 urine culture tests of the suspected in-patient for urinary tract infection. All antimicrobial susceptibility data was analyzed using WHONET software 5.6. Sixty-six urine culture tests showed culture positive, 41 from non-ICU and 23 from ICU. Gram-negative bacilli E.Coli (61% in ICU, 52% IN non-ICU) was the most prevalent bacterium, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae ss. pneumoniae (9% in ICU, 20% IN non-ICU), and Candida albicans 9% prevalence was seen only in ICU isolates. The study shows that the rate of resistance towards ampicillin (100%) was high among gram negative isolates and penicillin (100%) among gram positive isolates. The susceptibility was favorable towards polymixinB, colistin in gram negative organisms and nitrofurantoin, vancomycin in gram positive organisms. The present study revealed that E.Coli is the predominant bacterial pathogen. It also demonstrates there is an increasing resistance to ampicillin (88.2%) and ESBL (90%) among UTI pathogens. While, polymixin B (100%) and colistin was found most effective among gram negative and nitrofurantoin was most effective among gram positive organisms. Keywords: Antibiotic, antimicrobial resistance, urinary tract infection

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