A clinical study of uropathogens causing urinary tract infection in children and adolescents in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the common infections in children. Incidence varies with age, race and gender. UTIs have become difficult to treat due to development of resistance among uropathogens. Regional data regarding the common uropathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern is required to guide the clinicians to start empirical therapy while treating UTIs.Aims: This study is aimed to study the profile of uropathogens causing UTI in children and adolescents, assess their antimicrobial susceptibility, the clinical course and outcome.Methods: All subjects with suspected UTI whose urine samples grew a positive culture of uropathogens were included in this prospective observational study. The study was done in the Department of Microbiology from July 2019 to December 2019. The urine samples were processed by standard methods (using 5% sheep blood agar and MacConkey agar) and antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The details of the pathogens grown, and their antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance patterns were recorded, and the subjects were followed up during their course in the hospital.Results: A total of 109 urine samples from paediatric and adolescent subjects showed positive cultures (97.32%). UTI was common among toddlers (46.7%). E. coli contributed to 40.3% of the cases, followed by Enterococcus and Klebsiella pneumonaie. E. coli was resistant to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin. The organisms were sensitive to meropenem, amikacin and piperacillin + tazobactam.Conclusion: Incidence of UTI and the uropathogens causing UTI varies with age. Different uropathogens and their resistance to commonly used antimicrobials is a concern for future treatment options in UTI.

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FLUOROQUINOLONE RESISTANCE PATTERN AMONG THE PATHOGENS CAUSING URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN KANCHIPURAM DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i11.20678 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 292

Author(s):

Shanthi Bamukumar ◽

Kannan I ◽

Sukumar Rg

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Care Hospital ◽

E Coli

Objective: The aim is to study the fluoroquinolone resistance pattern among the pathogens causing urinary tract infection (UTI).Methods: This study was done during January to July 2016 in Tagore Medical College including both hospitalized and out patients. During this 7-month study, around 2695 urine samples were analyzed for the evidence of UTI. 718 samples were culture positive. 366 samples showed fluoroquinolones resistance (50.9%). They were screened for all fluoroquinolone drugs by doing antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute CLSI guidelines.Results: The resistance pattern of different isolates to norfloxacin is Klebsiella pneumoniae - 20%, Escherichia coli - 51.4%, Enterococci - 11.1%, Proteus mirabilis - 50%, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus - 37.5%; For nalidixic acid is K pneumoniae - 25%, E. coli - 6.8%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa - 71.4%, Enterococci - 11.1%, P. mirabilis - 25%, and S. saprophyticus - 25%; For ciprofloxacin is K. pneumoniae - 5%, E. coli - 5.4%, P. mirabilis - 25%, and S. saprophyticus - 25%; and For ofloxacin is K. pneumoniae - 10%, E. coli - 5.4%, Enterococci 11.1%, and S. saprophyticus 62.5%.Conclusion: Due to increasing resistance to fluoroquinolones in many hospitals and to make the developing resistance rates under control, empirical usage of it is either abandoned or should be restricted.

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Incidence and Susceptibility of Uropathogens Isolated among the Patients at Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Nepal

Journal of Nobel Medical College ◽

10.3126/jonmc.v5i2.16318 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 51-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bigu Kumar Chaudhari ◽

Ganesh Kumar Singh ◽

Kamal Prasad Parajuli ◽

Kewal Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Care Hospital ◽

E Coli ◽

Medical College ◽

Tract Infections

Background Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases which affect almost all ages groups of population. Production of â-lactamases is responsible for antibacterial resistance which is frequently observed in Enterobacteriaceae isolates, particularly by E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. This investigation has been carried out to determine the current status of prevalence and susceptibility of uropathogens isolated among the patients at tertiary care hospital in eastern Nepal.Material and Methods This study was done at the department of Microbiology, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal during May 1st 2015 to October 31st 2015. Midstream cleancatch urine was sampled from 1730 suspected urinary tract infection patients of different age and sex groups. Uropathogens were recognized in term of standard and specific microbiological techniques and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined by Kirby Bauer Disc diffusion method following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.Results Out of 1730 suspected specimens Culture resulted a total of 761 (43.98 %) positive and 969 (56.02%) negative among that significant growths of uropathogens including 700 (91.98 %) unimicrobial and 60 (7.88 %) polymicrobial growths. In term of Gender distribution 443 (25.60 %) were male and 1287 (74.40 %) were female hence the ratio is 0.34:1, respectively. E. coli was the leading isolate (66 %), followed by Klebsiella spp. (12 %), Enterococcus spp. (8 %), Pseudomonas spp. (6 %), Acinetobacter anitratus (5 %), Proteus spp. (3 %).Conclusion The high frequency of multidrug resistance in bacterial uropathogens was seen. Principally, resistance patterns were seen higher for amoxycillin, co-trimoxazole, flouroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins, Existing uropathogens highlights the highest rate of vulnerability to nitrofurantoin, amikacin and gentamicin which provide much better antibiotic coverage and can be adapted for practical treatment of urinary tract infections. Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol.5(2) 2016; 51-55

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Asymptomatic Bacteriuria among Pregnant Women Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Nepal: A Cross-sectional Prospective Study

Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/jucms.v9i01.37973 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (01) ◽

pp. 38-42

Author(s):

Shristi Raut ◽

Sulochana Khatiwada ◽

Narayan GC

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Significant Bacteriuria

INTRODUCTION Urinary tract of female undergoes tremendous changes during pregnancy which increases their risk of acquiring infection. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is a common entity among pregnant women which refers to significant bacteriuria (>105 bacteria per ml of urine) without any typical symptoms of urinary tract infection. Asymptomatic bacteriuria can lead to various maternal and fetal complications if not detected and treated on time. MATERIAL AND METHODS Total 280 urine samples were collected in sterile universal containers from pregnant women not showing typical symptoms of urinary tract infection at the time of sample collection. Urine samples were inoculated in both MacConkey agar and Blood agar by semi quantitative culture method. Culture plates were reported after 24 hours of incubation at 370C. Bacteria isolated were subjected to antibacterial susceptibility testing by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. RESULTS Out of 280 urine cultures, 213 samples were sterile. Significant bacteriuria was seen in 25 cases (8.9%) followed by insignificant bacteriuria (20, 7.14%) and contamination (17, 6.10%). Highest number of cultures positive were in age group 21-30 years (19, 9.1%,). Out of 25 cases of significant bacteriuria, 60% were primigravida and 40% were multigravida. The most common organism isolated was Escherichia coli (10, 60%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (5, 40%). CONCLUSION Screening of all pregnant women for asymptomatic bacteriuria is essential during their antenatal checkup. Escherichia coli is the commonest organism that cause asymptomatic bacteriuria. Appropriate antibiotic therapy is absolutely necessary for positive cases on the basis of antimicrobial susceptibility result to prevent unwanted obstetric complications.

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Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Bacterial Pathogens Associated with Urinary Tract Infection

Delta Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/dmcj.v5i2.33342 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 57-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nayareen Akhtar ◽

Rezwanur Rahman ◽

Shahin Sultana ◽

Md Rezwanur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

The Common ◽

A Prospective Study

Correction: On 10th August 2017 due to typographical errors, the period of the study was changed from May 2016 to June 2017 and the caption of the red segment in Figure 1 was changed from No UTI, 41% to UTI, 59%Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the common bacterial infections in mankind. The changing antimicrobial sensitivity in UTI demands use of appropriate antibiotics.Objective: This study was conducted to determine the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of uropathogens.Materials and method: This was a prospective study conducted in Bangladesh Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh between May 2016 and June 2017 to identify the organisms causing UTI and their antibiotic susceptibility. Clean catch midstream urine samples were collected from 95 patients presenting with symptoms of UTI. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by disc diffusion method.Results: Out of 95 urine samples, 56 (58.9%) were found positive. The prevalence was significantly higher in females than in males (females: 58.9%; males: 41%). Age group of >48 years showed higher prevalence of UTI. The most common organisms isolated were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Proteus and Staphylococcus aureus. These represented 44.6%, 21.4%, 14.3%, 12.5%, and 7.14% of isolates respectively. Imipenem and Meropenem were found the most susceptible drug against isolated uropathogens.Conclusion: Most powerful antibiotics in our study were imipenem and meropenem. In conclusion, one can truly affirm that the choice of drugs in the treatment of UTI is becoming quite narrow today due to the wide scale resistance that the common UTI pathogens show to drugs which have been used previously.Delta Med Col J. Jul 2017 5(2): 57-62

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Escherichia coli among Tunisian Outpatients with Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infection (2012-2018)

Current Urology ◽

10.1159/000499238 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 200-205

Author(s):

Nawel Daoud ◽

Manel Hamdoun ◽

Hela Hannachi ◽

Chedlia Gharsallah ◽

Wiem Mallekh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Clavulanic Acid ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽

Susceptibility Patterns

Introduction: Community-acquired urinary tract infection is one of the most common reasons for consultation in everyday practice; it represents a major source of antibiotic consumption. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the main pathogen incriminated. Objective:· The aim of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of community-acquired uropathogenic E coli throughout a 7-year period. Methodology: All strains of E. coli isolated from urine samples between January 1st 2012 and December 31st 2018 were included. Presence of ≥ 103 CFU/ml in urine culture media was considered as significant for urinary tract infection. The identification of E. coli strains was realized using standard laboratory techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method according to the CA-SFM/ EUCAST criteria. Results: A total of 1,335 E. coli strains were isolated. Overall susceptibility rates to antimicrobial agents were as follows: ampicillin 39.1%, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 64.9%, cefotaxime 94.9%, trimethoprim/sulfamethox-azole 67.6%, ciprofloxacin 89.2%, ofloxacin 86.9%, amikacin 98.6%, gentamicin 93.9%, nitrofurantoin 97.6% and fosfomycin 99.3%. All isolates were susceptible to carbapenems. The frequency of extended spectrum beta-lactamases-producing E. coli strains was 4.7%. Susceptibility rates of E. coli for ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and amikacin remained relatively stable over the study period, whereas susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotaxime and fluoroquinolones showed a 2-phase pattern. As for gentamicin, a continuous decrease in susceptibility rates was observed. Conclusion: Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of uropathogenic E. coli are constantly changing, due to modifications in the antibiogram interpretation criteria and antibiotic prescription habits. Rigorous surveillance of resistance rate is necessary to determine appropriate empirical treatment and limit the spread of multiresistant strains.

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Monitoring Antimicrobial Susceptibility in bacterial isolates causing Urinary Tract Infections in a Tertiary Hospital in Kathmandu

Nepal Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/njst.v19i1.29794 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 133-141

Author(s):

Vivek Kumar Singh ◽

Mahesh Kumar Chaudhary ◽

Megha Raj Banjara ◽

Reshma Tuladhar

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Tract Infections

Urinary tract infection is the most common infection in females worldwide. One in three women experiences at least one episode of urinary tract infection during their lifetime. The objective of this study was to determine the etiology and antimicrobial profile of urinary tract infection. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Nepal. Thirteen hundred clean catch mid-stream urine samples were tested through standard microbiological techniques. The isolates from urine samples were identified from biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed through the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique following CLSI guidelines. The prevalence of urinary tract infection was found at 24.23%. Escherichia Coli was a predominant etiological agent followed by Staphylococcus aureus. The majority of the infection was found between the age group 21-40, with females mostly infected. Most of the microorganisms were isolated from emtergency, obstetrics-gynecology, and nephrology wards. Most of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, whereas the majority of the gram-positive isolates were resistant to penicillin.A large number of isolates were found to be sensitive to Gentamycin and nitrofurantoin. Routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates causing urinary tract infection is recommended to reduce antimicrobial resistance and for the proper treatment of infection.

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Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Urine Culture Isolates from Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre in Lalitpur

Birat Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/bjhs.v5i1.29602 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 881-885

Author(s):

Ruchee Manandhar ◽

Bijendra Raj Raghubanshi ◽

Moni Mahato ◽

Sweekrity Neupane ◽

Rajni Lama

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Microbiological Methods ◽

Tract Infections

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a microbial infection of the urinary system involving the urinary tract anywhere from kidney to urethra. It is one of the most common bacterial infections affecting men and women in developing countries with a high rate of morbidity and financial cost. Objectives: The objective of our study is to study the prevalence of UTI in patients attending KIST Medical College & Teaching Hospital (KISTMCTH), and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria thus isolated. Methodology: A total of 3742 urine samples from patients suspected of urinary tract infections presenting with the history and symptoms suggestive of urinary tract infection, attending various departments of KISTMCTH from April 2017 to April 2018 were studied. Isolates were identified by standard microbiological methods and tested for in vitro antibiotic susceptibility by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 646 out of 3742 urine samples (17.26%). Escherichia coli was the most common bacteria isolated (67.02%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.5%). Other bacteria isolated were Enterococcus spp, Pseudomonas aeurigenosa, Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus mirabilis, Satphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative staphylococcus spp, Proteus vulgaris, Acinetobacter spp, Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter diversus and Enterobacter spp. The isolated pathogenic bacterias were most resistant to Ampicillin (46.43%) and least resistant to Imipenem (6.03%). However, the first line antibiotic the bacterias were least resistant to was cefotaxime (7.12%). Conclusions: Marked resistance has been observed with commonly prescribed antibiotics like Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin. Therefore, studies should be conducted routinely to identify the common bacteria causing UTI and formulate appropriate antibiotic policy.

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Multidrug Resistance of Uropathogens at Governmental Hospitals in the Gaza Strip/Palestine

The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents ◽

10.3823/855 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sameh A. Alkhodari ◽

Abdelraouf A. Elmanama

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Multidrug Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Gaza Strip ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Urine Samples ◽

E Coli ◽

The Gaza Strip ◽

Klebsiella Spp

Urinary tract infection is a public health problem worldwide. E. coli and klebsiella are among the main etiologic for UTI in Gaza Strip. The growing variations in resistance among uropathogens to antimicrobials is multifactorial and varies globally. It greatly reduces/limits or complicate treatment option. Aims: To determine the pattern of antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistance among uropathogens at governmental hospitals. Methods: We analyzed the data of 11,890 urine samples processed in governmental hospitals in the Gaza Strip, Palestine during 2019. The percentage of resistance was calculated for uropathogens, and then multidrug resistance was calculated according to “CDC” definition. Results: Of 11,890 urine samples, 2910 (24.5%) showed significant growth. Escherichia coli was isolated most frequently (1743; 59.9%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (725; 24.9%), Pseudomonas spp. (123; 4.2%), Streptococcus spp. (98; 3.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (41; 1.4%). Microorganisms resistance was high against Ampicillin (92.4%) and Amoxicillin (91.1%), Co-Trimoxazole (68.2%), Cefalexin (64.9%), Doxycycline (61.9%), Nalidixic acid (53.6%), Cefuroxime (53.0%), Ceftriaxone (48.9%), Ceftazidime (43.1%), Ciprofloxacin (36.9%), Gentamicin (25.8%), Amikacin (3.2%). The resistance of microorganisms in males is higher than females. Multidrug resistance was detected in 37% of E. coli and 53% in Klebsiella spp. Conclusion: Resistance is high and variable among uropathogens isolated from patients in Gaza strip. Both age and gender are risk factors in both infection and resistance pattern. The multidrug resistance percentage is growing remarkably in Gaza Strip. Keywords: Uropathogens, Resistance, Urinary tract infection, Multidrug resistance, Gaza strip, Palestine

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PSEUDOMONAS SPECIES CAUSING URINARY TRACT INFECTION AND ITS ANTIBIOGRAM AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i11.20002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 50

Author(s):

Shobha Kl ◽

Ramachandra L ◽

Amita Shobha Rao ◽

Anand Km ◽

Gowrish Rao S

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Automated System ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Pseudomonas Species ◽

Significant Bacteriuria

Objectives: Pseudomonas species cause urinary tract infection (UTI). This study was conducted to isolate Pseudomonas species causing significant bacteriuria and to analyze its antibiogram at a tertiary care hospital.Methods: About 107 urine samples received in the laboratory from August 2015 to July 2016 having significant bacteriuria with Pseudomonas species were tested for antimicrobial activity. Samples were from both inpatients and patients attending as outpatients to a tertiary care hospital with different age groups and gender. Midstream urine samples were inoculated using a standard calibrated loop into blood agar and MacConkey agar following semi quantitative technique using Kass concept. MALD (Biomerio, ElToile, France) was used for speciation, and Vitex automated system (Biomerio, ElToile, France) was used for antibacterial sensitivity testing.Results: About 107 urine samples contained Pseudomonas species by MALDI obtained from 69 male (64.48%) and 38 (35.51%) female patients. Inpatients were 90 (84.11%) and 17 (15.88%) outpatient department (OPD) patients. Isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was from 90 samples (84.11%) and Pseudomonas putida in 17 (15.88%). Significant bacteriuria was more in the age group of ˃60 years in both genders. Susceptibility to gentamicin was 52 (48.59%), ceftazidime 56 (52.33%), and imipenem was 58 (54.20%). Organism was multidrug resistant in 49 (45.79%) samples.Conclusion: P. aeruginosa remains the most common uropathogen among Pseudomonas species. Drug of choice for inpatients suffering from UTI by Pseudomonas species can be gentamicin and for patients attending OPD can be ceftazidime. Imipenem can be the reserve drug. Periodic antibiotic review is required for proper treatment of UTI.

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Detection of Virulence Factors and Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococci Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection

Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.3329/bjid.v4i2.37682 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 30-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Surovi Era Suchi ◽

SM Shamsuzzaman ◽

Bhuiyan Mohammad Mahtab Uddin ◽

Md Abdullah Yusuf

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College

Background: The genus Enterococcus is of increasing significance as a cause of nosocomial infections and this trend is exacerbated by the development of antibiotic resistance.Objective: The aims of this study was to find out the susceptibility pattern and the prevalence of virulence genes in Enterococcus strains isolated from urinary tract infection in Bangladesh.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from January 2015 to December 2015 for a period of one (01) years. All the admitted patients in the Dhaka Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka and Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka who were presented with clinical features of urinary tract infection at any age with both sexes were included as study population. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the strains was determined using the disk diffusion method; vancomycin susceptibility pattern was detected by MIC method. PCR was performed for the detection of genus-species, vanA, vanB gene and potential virulence genes.Result: Out of 84 Enterococci, majority (71.42%) of the isolates were E. faecalis followed by 23.81% were E. faecium. Regarding antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, 100% isolated Enterococci were sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid and teicoplanin. Most of the Enterococci were resistant to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone (92.86%) followed by 88.10% to gentamicin and 85.71% to azithromycin and rifampicin. No VRE was identified and the range of MIC for vancomycin was 1-4 µg/ml. None of the Enterococci was positive for vanA and vanB genes. Out of total E. faecalis and E. faecium, 87.50% were positive for ebp and 77.5%, 72.5%, 55.0%, 45.0%, 40.0% and 10.0% of isolates were positive for gelE, esp, ace, cyl, asa and hyl respectively.Conclusion: Almost all the virulence genes were more prevalent in E. faecalis isolates.Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2017;4(2):30-34

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