Women as Subalterns in Jhumpa Lahiri’s “The Treatment of Bibi Haldar” and “A Real Durwan”

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
Muna Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Subaltern Studies ◽  
The Real

This paper aims to investigate the hysteric tendencies, inconsistent speeches and silences of woman in Jhumpa Lahiri’s two short stories “The Treatment of Bibi Haldar” and “The Real Durwan.” The paper addresses this objective through the application of subaltern perspective: subaltern cannot speak. More specifically, single, poor and helpless women’s position and their inability to speak in need are analyzed in the light of subaltern studies. These two stories expose the issue of hysteric woman and an elderly street woman with different stories, respectively. The disadvantaged women’s inability to speak – parallels the subaltern’s inability to speak. This paper analyses hysterical tendencies, inconsistent behavior of Lahiri’s protagonists as the outburst, thus, the subtle ways of resistance. Thus, the paper draws the conclusion that Lahiri’s stories demonstrate economically and socially marginalized woman who lack the act of protest as they cannot speak, tending to develop the different verbal and physical inconsistencies.

The Political Function of Domestic Objects in the Fiction of Aleksandra Kollontai

Slavic Review ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitta Ingemanson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Short Stories ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
The Real ◽  
Political Function ◽  
The Status ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Status Of Women

During the winter of 1922-1923 when she was just beginning her diplomatic career, Bolshevik activist Aleksandra Kollontai wrote two novels and several short stories that were immediately published in Russia and subsequently combined into two volumes under the titles Liubov’ pchel trudovykh and Zhenshchina na perelome. They were dismissed as mere autobiographical romances, indulging in unhealthy introspection and dangerously divorced from the “real” demands of society. At a time when Soviet Russia was facing enormous challenges connected with the reconstruction after the civil war and with the partial return to a market economy under the New Economic Policy (NEP), Kollontai's focus on domestic relationships and the status of women seemed narrow and excessively private.

scholarly journals Voice of Subaltern Souvali in Mahasweta Devi’s After Kurushetra

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Dr. A.R. Uma Ramamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Short Stories ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
Subaltern Studies ◽  
Amitav Ghosh ◽  
Royal Palace ◽  
Mahasweta Devi ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Government

In the contemporary scenario, Subaltern Studies group brings together the writers, like Amitav Ghosh and Mahasweta Devi who have been frequently associated with subaltern concerns. Mahasweta Devi is a champion of subaltern community and through her works she always indicts and questions the government and other people about the sanctioning of human rights to dalits, tribals, women and children. Mahasweta Devi’s After Kurushetra narrates the stories of women who were subalternized by the kings and queens of Hastinapur. The life stories of these women appeared in the forms of short stories namely “The Five Women (Panchakanya)”, “Kunti and the Nishadin (Kunti O Nishadi), and “Souvali” in After Kurushetra. “Souvali” narrates the story of Souvali who was a dasi working in the royal palace of Hastinapur: She was sexually exploited by Dhritarashtra and gave birth to a son named Yuyutsu. Though Yuyutsu @ Souvalya was not considered by Dhritarashtra as his first son, yet he was allowed by Yudhishtira to give ‘tarpan’ to Dhritarashtra during the time of ‘mahatarpan.’ Souvalya, as a son, had done his duty to Dhritarashtra but Souvali voiced against the oppressions meted on her by the king through her action. She did not adhere to the norms of widowhood after the death of Dhritarashtara for she was never considered by him as his wife.

Free Form

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Dufourmantelle
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Free Form ◽  
The Real

We recognize gentleness in the literary figures that turned everything around them upside down without meaning to, including Prince Myshkin, the majority of characters in Kafka, in Melville, in the short stories of Tolstoy, little John Mohune in Moonfleet. These characters arrive from nowhere and with gentleness provoke violence and passion around them. They polarize the real around an unprecedented truth that is impossible to bear. An excess of this gentleness is dangerous because it reveals faults, desire, manipulation, or conversely, goodness.

scholarly journals METAMORPHOSES OF THE SPACE OF DEATH IN I. FRANKO’S PROSE

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
T. MATVIEIEVA
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
The Real ◽  
Artistic Representation ◽  
Living Dead ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Dead Water

The paper proposes a new perspective on the study of I. Franko’s prose works of a wide genre range: the metamorphosis of the space of death as a reflection of the transformations of the psycho-emotional sphere of characters/ The real and imaginary, closed and “endless” spaces of death were identified, their structure, defined as a two-projection, namely, spatial and personal, was analysed. In the collection of “prison short stories”, the method of the paradox is also structured and implemented in the work according to the principle of mirroring: a prison emerges at the same time as a world in itself and a reduced copy of the out-of-prison world. The paper proves the pattern of use for the artistic representation of the death space of the method of gradation – downward potion (from large to smaller locations – prison – annex – carriage – grave) and the ascending when it comes to the possibility of returning from the space of death, recreated with the help of Christian symbols (fish, thorns, water).The conclusion about the parabolic character of I. Franko’s presentation of reality and the person in it is made. The methods of creation of loci are named, they are symbolization, applying of archetypal primers, oppositional character. So, it refers to the symbols of living and dead water, walls, cities, rivers, souls, children; biblical prophecies, parables (the notion of the sin is singled out).A separate aspects of the study is the psycho-emotional states (in particular, agonal) in a border transition situation: stress/apathy, horror/calm. The features of the description of the locations of death are also commented: interior, exterior, various characteristics, symbols, etc.In general, this refers to the transformation into the infernal space of death for most of the characters of the analysed works, either because of the marginality, or because of the subordination to social morality.The only few exceptions are universal parables – examples of the absolute understanding of the meaning of eternal transformation of matter (living/dead and vice versa), spiritual metamorphosis (soul/body –soul/spirit).

scholarly journals ОПИСАНИЕ "ЭПОХИ" В ПРОЗЕ ТОЛЕНА АБДИКОВА (DESCRIPTION OF THE ERA IN THE PROSE OF TOLEN ABDIKOV)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arailym Sarballina ◽  
Lazzat Adilbekova ◽  
Aidana Ibraimova
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
Creative Imagination ◽  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
Public Figure ◽  
The Real ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Life Analysis ◽  
Creative Style

The article describes the features of the creative style, philosophical concept, psychology in the works of the writer, publicist, state and public figure Tolena Abdika. National cognition in the novels and short stories by Tolen Abdikov is projected from the peculiarities of national mentality, national consciousness, sense of nation, and the language of the Kazakh nation. The uniqueness of imagery is scrutinized as the symbol of national traits. In his works Tolen Abdikov singles out the transformations and violations of the national consciousness which the Kazakh society has undergone, emphasizing them as topical problems. We can take any of his works and notice writer’s bravery inherent to the real hero, sensivity inherent to the real writer. In general, what meaning the time wouldn’t give in composition, the space has the same degree. The writer wanted to show philosophy of in the work and at the beginning of the composition tried to guide to the reader's thoughts. Tolen Abdikov skillfully describes the internal psychological world of the characters through the presentation of their emotions, such as laughter and lamentation. T.Abdikov works are characterized by the depiction of a tragic nature of events connected with coldness, envy, and cruelty in human interactions, which makes the reader think about how these problems can be solved. The works of T. Abdikova are valuable not only from pure creative imagination, but also because of a deep study of the material of life, analysis and weighing

scholarly journals "E. T. A. Hoffmann’s complex" in the cycle of stories and drama scenes "Earth Axis" by Valery Bryusov (1901-1907)

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Vera V. Korolyova
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Real World ◽  
Mirror Reflection ◽  
Main Character ◽  
The Real ◽  
Romantic Irony ◽  
Stylistic Device

In this article we explore "E. T. A. Hoffmann’s complex", which includes real and imaginary worlds, the problem of the mechanisation of life and society, the duality, the romantic irony and grotesque in the series of short stories "Earth Axis" by Valery Bryusov. Following E. T. A. Hoffmann’s tradition, Velery Bryusov creates a special type of romantic the dual world based on the principle of mirror reflection of the real world. The dominance of the unreal world leads to the absorption of the main character. The problem of mechanisation of a life and a man in the series is manifested in the tendency of loss of spirituality in society and an attempt to fill the spiritual emptiness with "inanimate" objects ("Flat", "Defence"). Valery Bryusov creates a grotesque picture of a society ("Earth", "Rise of the Machines"), where the living changes are replaced by the nonliving (machines). Romantic irony and grotesque, which are destructive, become a stylistic device in the work of Valery Bryusov.

Boundaries of the Real in Xu Xu’s Fiction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Rosenmeier
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Abnormal Psychology ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Status ◽  
Shi Zhecun

This chapter focuses on Xu Xu’s fiction from the 1930s and 40s, providing analyses of his main short stories and novels from this period, demonstrating how Xu’s work transitioned from modernist experimentation to popular romances after his return from studies in France. Xu’s bestselling short stories and novels were often set abroad and featured exotic, otherworldly characters, such as ghosts, spies, pirates and gypsies. In many of these works, the cosmopolitan, rational and educated male protagonist encounters a mysterious, elusive, otherworldly woman. Eventually, the truth is revealed and the mysteries are uncovered, vindicating the modern outlook of the male narrator. With their references to traditional literature, abnormal psychology and sexual desire, such works frequently echo Shi Zhecun and Mu Shiying’s writings from a decade earlier, yet Xu’s writings are mainly escapist entertainment rather than an attack on rational modernity or the status of art in society.

Tradition and Hybridity in Shi Zhecun and Mu Shiying

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Rosenmeier
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Popular Literature ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Literary Field ◽  
The Real ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Shi Zhecun ◽  
Mu Shiying

This chapter focuses on the 1930s New Sensationist (xinganjuepai) writers Shi Zhecun and Mu Shiying, whose works are shown in later chapters to have influenced the subsequent literary scene. They are seen here as an avant-garde group that wrote works in opposition to the overall direction of the contemporary literary field. Through close analysis of a number of short stories, the chapter demonstrates how these authors constructed hybrid works that incorporated tropes and stereotypes from popular literature, legend, tradition, literature and myth. By combining the real with the otherworldly and the imagined, these authors rejected realism and the politicisation of literature promoted at the time by the League of Left-wing Writers. The chapter also establishes aspects of these writers’ works that are used for later comparison.

Short Stories by Latin American Women: The Magic and the Real

Hispania ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Doris Meyer ◽  
Celia Correas de Zapata
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Latin American ◽  
American Women ◽  
The Real

scholarly journals „Polish Kafka” w Ameryce, czyli co o Schulzu pisali pierwsi amerykańscy badacze jego twórczości

Schulz/Forum ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kaszorek
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Real World ◽  
Graphic Art ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World ◽  
Bruno Schulz

The paper focuses on first scholarly articles devoted to Schulz’s works that were published in American journals. Written by Henry Joseph Wegrocki in 1946, “Masochistic Motives in the Literary and Graphic Art of Bruno Schulz,” is a psychiatric analysis of masochism and its traces in Schulz’s short stories and drawings. Olga Lukashevich’s “Bruno Schulz’s ‘The Street of Crocodiles’. A Study in Creativity and Neurosis” (1968) suggests reading the first collection of short stories in the spirit of Otto Rank’s category of the artiste manqué. The last article, by Colleen M. Taylor, “Childhood Revisited: The Writings of Bruno Schulz” (1969), analyses the reasons why the writer leaves the real world behind to enter the world of childhood.

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