Assessment of Air Pollution Impact on Micro-Morphological and Biochemical Properties Of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels And Lagerstroemia indica L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 132-140
Author(s):  
Sushila Devi Shrestha ◽  
Anjana Devkota ◽  
Pramod Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Polluted Site ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Study Results

The urban air pollution is a major environmental concern, particularly in the developing countries and in their major cities. In the present study an attempt has been made to assess the air pollution effect on micromorphological and biochemical parameters of Callistemon citrinus and Lagerstroemia indica. Biochemical parameters were analyzed by using standard protocol. one-way analysis of variance was performed with SPSS software, v. 20.0, and Duncan test (p ≤ 0.05) was used to compare averages of all measured biochemical parameters and micromorpholgical features. There was a decrease in number of stomata of both species at highly polluted site compared to less polluted site (control). Stomatal index of both species was found to be reduced in polluted site when compared to control. The number of clogged stomata was less in control area samples when compared to polluted sample. A number of epidermal cells were significantly decreased at heavily polluted site. Total chlorophyll content and leaf extract pH in both the plants were found to be significantly higher in control sites than in heavily polluted sites. Ascorbic acid, relative water content, and Air Pollution Tolerance Index (ATPI) was found to be significantly higher at more polluted plants than at control. Based on the present study results, Callistemon citrinus emerged as the most tolerant species with the highest APTI. Hence, Callistemon citrinus can be suggested for plantations along the roadside of urban areas for green belt development.

Micromorphological Study of Shrubs from Roadsides in Kathmandu Valley

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Sushila Devi Shrestha ◽  
Pramod Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Stomatal Index ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Subsidiary Cells

Urban air pollution is an environmental concern, particularly in developing countries and in their cities. The present study was mainly aimed to study the effect of air pollution on the micromorphological characteristics of the leaf of Euphorbia pulcherrima and Jasminum mesnyi from heavily polluted and less polluted areas of Kathmandu district. Different methods used to analyze the leaf structure (epidermal cells, stomatal frequency, and stomatal size). The stomatal study and observation from the leaf surface were completed under the compound microscope. Based on study results, in E. pulcherrima, the epidermal cells, stomatal pores, and the subsidiary cells were prominent in the anatomical structure of the leaf. In the winter season, the values were comparatively high for all different structures at less polluted sites. The values were comparatively equal for the stomatal index. The number of stomata, clogged stomata, subsidiary cells, epidermal cells, and the stomatal index was comparatively high. In J. mesnyi, the epidermal cells, stomata, were clear and many numbers in epidermal cells. The values were more in the less and moderately polluted sites both in spring and in the winter season. The number of stomata and stomatal index was high at less polluted sites and in the winter season. Within the two seasons, winter and in pre-monsoon, the values of stomatal size were comparatively high in the less polluted site. It was concluded that these two study plant species were categorized as good for plantation because their leaf micromorphological structure from air polluted areas have given suitable results.

scholarly journals AIR POLLUTION TOLERANCE INDEX OF Plantago major IN STEELWORKS AREA OF ZENICA, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Tajna Klisura ◽  
Adisa Parić ◽  
Mirel Subašić ◽  
Erna Karalija
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Plantago Major ◽  
Pollution Tolerance

Atmospheric pollution is among the largest anthropogenic impacts on the ecosystem. In numerous studies it was observed that plants, especially those that grow in urban areas, are heavily influenced by different pollutants and their survival is correlated with structural and metabolic adaptation to stressful environmental conditions. Primary objective of this study was to determine the index of tolerance to air pollution (APTI) of plantain (Plantago major), on two locations in Zenica. The results indicated that index of tolerance to air pollution of P. major, APTI, is higher in individuals sampled from the contaminated site, than those in the control area.

An Urban Air Pollution Early Warning System Based on PM2.5 Prediction Applied in Ploiesti City

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 858-863
Author(s):  
Mihaela Oprea ◽  
Marius Olteanu ◽  
Radu Teodor Ianache
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Prediction Approach

Fine particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 �m (i.e. PM2.5) is an air pollutant of special concern for urban areas due to its potential significant negative effects on human health, especially on children and elderly people. In order to reduce these effects, new tools based on PM2.5 monitoring infrastructures tailored to specific urban regions are needed by the local and regional environmental management systems for the provision of an expert support to decision makers in air quality planning for cities and also, to inform in real time the vulnerable population when PM2.5 related air pollution episodes occur. The paper focuses on urban air pollution early warning based on PM2.5 prediction. It describes the methodology used, the prediction approach, and the experimental system developed under the ROKIDAIR project for the analysis of PM2.5 air pollution level, health impact assessment and early warning of sensitive people in the Ploiesti city. The PM2.5 concentration evolution prediction is correlated with PM2.5 air pollution and health effects analysis, and the final result is processed by the ROKIDAIR Early Warning System (EWS) and sent as a message to the affected population via email or SMS. ROKIDAIR EWS is included in the ROKIDAIR decision support system.

scholarly journals Morpho-Physio-Biochemical Attributes of Roadside Trees as Potential Tools for Biomonitoring of Air Quality and Environmental Health in Urban Areas

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Ha Na You ◽  
Myeong Ja Kwak ◽  
Sun Mi Je ◽  
Jong Kyu Lee ◽  
Yea Ji Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Platanus Occidentalis ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Species Specific

Environmental pollution is an important issue in metropolitan areas, and roadside trees are directly affected by various sources of pollution to which they exhibit numerous responses. The aim of the present study was to identify morpho-physio-biochemical attributes of maidenhair tree (Ginkgo biloba L.) and American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) growing under two different air quality conditions (roadside with high air pollution, RH and roadside with low air pollution, RL) and to assess the possibility of using their physiological and biochemical parameters as biomonitoring tools in urban areas. The results showed that the photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiencies, and photochromic contents were generally low in RH in both G. biloba and P. occidentalis. However, water-use efficiency and leaf temperature showed high values in RH trees. Among biochemical parameters, in G. biloba, the lipid peroxide content was higher in RH than in RL trees, but in P. occidentalis, this content was lower in RH than in RL trees. In both species, physiological activities were low in trees planted in areas with high levels of air pollution, whereas their biochemical and morphological variables showed different responses to air pollution. Thus, we concluded that it is possible to determine species-specific physiological variables affected by regional differences of air pollution in urban areas, and these findings may be helpful for monitoring air quality and environmental health using trees.

Urban Transportation Planning for Air Quality Management: Case Study in Delhi, India, of Role of Social and Economic Costs in Welfare Maximization of Mobility Choice

2002 ◽  
Vol 1817 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolin Kokaz ◽  
Peter Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Environmental Goals ◽  
Management Case Study

Recent economic expansion and population growth in developing countries have had a big impact on the development of large cities like Delhi, India. Accompanied by Delhi’s rapid spatial growth over the last 25 years, urban sprawl has contributed to increased travel. The vehicle fleet projected at current growth rates will result in more than 13 million vehicles in Delhi in 2020. Planning and managing such a rapidly growing transport sector will be a challenge. Choices made now will have effects lasting well into the middle of the century. With such rapid transport growth rates, automobile emissions have become the fastest increasing source of urban air pollution. In India, most urban areas, including Delhi, already have major air pollution problems that could be greatly exacerbated if growth of the transport sector is managed unwisely. The transport plans designed to meet such large increases in travel demand will have to emphasize the movement of people, not vehicles, for a sustainable transportation system. Therefore, a mathematical model was developed to estimate the optimal transportation mix to meet this projected passenger-km demand while satisfying environmental goals, reducing congestion levels, and improving system and fuel efficiencies by exploiting a variety of policy options at the minimum overall cost or maximum welfare from transport. The results suggest that buses will continue to satisfy most passenger transport in the coming decades, so planning done in accordance with improving bus operations is crucial.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION AND AIR POLLUTION ON INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF MELIA AZEDARACH L. LEAVES

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1326-1333
Author(s):  
V. Abozaid ◽  
H. Arif Abdulrahman ◽  
D. Ayoub Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Layer Width ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
The Impact

This study was performed to investigate the impact of air pollution on leaf area and anatomical features of Melia azedarach L. trees, in urban areas with three demographical classes: location (I) industrial area, location (II) roadside area and free parts (control area) as a location (III) of Duhok city/Kurdistan Region-Iraq, during July 2021. The results demonstrated that the leaf area of selected plants' leaves in location I had reduced with no noticeable change in the average stomata density in the three locations I, II and Ⅲ. Meanwhile, the results of the most anatomical features of the blade (blade, lower cuticle, epidermis (both upper and lower) thickness, palisade layer height and spongy parenchyma width) in addition to midrib parameters (epidermis thickness (upper and lower), collenchyma and parenchyma layer width, phloem and xylem width and pith diameter) were decreased in both locations I, II, and with well-developed anatomical features in location III.

Assessment of Tolerance of Some Tree Species to Air Contamination Using Air Pollution Tolerance and Anticipated Performance Indices in Isfahan City, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Masoud Hatamimanesh ◽  
◽  
Samar Mortazavi ◽  
Eisa Solgi ◽  
Ahmad Mohtadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ailanthus Altissima ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Pollution Tolerance ◽  
Morus Nigra ◽  
Platanus Orientalis ◽  
Anticipated Performance Index

Background: In the present study, the tolerance of plantain tree species (Platanus orientalis, Morus nigra and Ailanthus altissima) to air pollution was evaluated using Air Pollution Tolerance Index (ATPI) and Anticipated Performance Index (API) index in Isfahan city (Iran). Methods: For this purpose, three dominant trees growing at six stations in Isfahan was selected and then sampling of the tree leaves was performed, after being transferred to the laboratory, the ATPI and API index were calculated. Results: The results of calculating the ATPI in the leaves of M. nigra, P. orientalis and A. altissima species showed that the highest values of ATPI index was obtained in M. nigra at 20.77 and then detected in P. orientalis and A. altissima with the values 14.90 and 14.33 respectively. According to API values Morus nigra had the best performance (Score = 6 so it classified as the Excellent) while P. orientalis and A. altissima had very good and intermediate performance, respectively. Conclusion: According to ATPI and API index most tolerant tree species was Morus nigra, so it would be the most suitable species for plantation programme in urban and pollutant areas followed by Platanus orientalis and Ailanthus altissima. As well as our results suggest that Platanus orientalis and Ailanthus altissima can be used as bio-indicators of air pollution due to their low ATPI scores (lower than 16). The present study suggests that the combination of both the ATPI and API indices for identifying and selection of plant species is very useful for plantation in urban areas.

scholarly journals Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) Selected Plant Species in Puerto Princesa City for Strategic Urban Forest Planning

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Jessa Marie S. Caabay
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Pollution Tolerance ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Evaluation And Monitoring

Air pollution gives negative effects to humans as well as to plants which are exposed all throughout the day in these pollutants. Assessment of plants' response to air pollutants may serve as a fundamental method in terms of environmental monitoring and management. Sensitive group of plants can serve as an indicator of air quality while the tolerant ones can be sinks. TheAir Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) of selected plant species in Puerto Princesa City, namely: Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea spectabilis), Santan (Ixoracoccinea), Fire Tree (Delonixregia), Golden Bush (Durantarepens), and Acacia tree (Samaneasaman)were evaluatedusing relative water content, ascorbic acid content, leaf extract pH, and total leaf chlorophyll content.It was found out that B. spectabiliswas the most tolerant species, followed by S. samanwhile D. regiahas an intermediate index. D. repensand I. coccineaon the other hand were found to be sensitive plant species. Plants with high APTI values are the tolerant ones and are recommended to be planted in urban areas to absorb and off certain harmful gaseous pollutants while the sensitive ones have the potential to serve as bio-indicators for evaluation and monitoring.

scholarly journals Effect of vehicular pollution on Duranta repens L. in Jammu City

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Anil K. Raina ◽  
Chand Bala
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Vehicular Pollution ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pollution Tolerance ◽  
Potted Plants

Experimental potted plants of Duranta repens has been exposed to air pollution at major traffic crossings-Amphalla chowk, Dogra chowk, Bikram chowk, Satwari chowk of Jammu city and also inside University Campus in the department which has been taken as a reference site. Sets of 10 plants were kept at each site and analyzed for various micro morphological, anatomical and biochemical parameters to assess the changes due to air pollution. Analysis of data revealed that micro-morphological parameters viz. stomatal frequency, epidermal cell frequency increased significantly while others like size of the stomata, epidermal cells and length, breadth ratio of the epidermal cells decreased significantly in plants kept at polluted location. All the anatomical parameters such as thickness of midrib region, midrib adjoining region, spongy tissue, upper epidermis and vascular bundles decreased significantly in exposed plants. Among biochemical parameters chlorophyll b decreases significantly while ascorbic acid increases significantly. Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) has also been calculated and found to increase significantly in plants kept at polluted location which indicate that the Duranta repens serve as sink to air pollutants and can be effectively employed for phyto-monitoring auto exhaust pollution along the road side of the busy traffic ways.

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