scholarly journals Fiction as a Medium of Social Communication in 19th Century France

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-144
Author(s):  
Sabina Pstrocki-Sehovic ◽  
Sabina Pstrocki-Sehovic
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Gustave Flaubert ◽  
Emile Zola ◽  
Charles Baudelaire ◽  
Madame Bovary ◽  
Comedie Humaine ◽  
19Th Century France ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Fleurs Du Mal

This article will present the extent to which literature could be viewed as means of social communication – i.e. informing and influencing society – in 19thcentury France, by analysing the appearance of three authors at different points:  the beginning, the middle and the end of the century. The first is the case of Balzac at the beginning of the 19th Century who becomes the most successful novelist of the century in France and who, in his prolific expression and rich vocabulary, portrays society from various angles in a huge opus of almost 100 works, 93 of them making his Comédie humaine. The second is the case of Gustave Flaubert whose famous novel Madame Bovary, which depicts a female character in a realist but also in a psychologically conscious manner, around the mid-19th century reaches French courts together with Les Fleurs du Mal by Charles Baudelaire and is exposed as being socially judged for its alleged immorality. The last is the political affair of Dreyfus and its defender Emile Zola, the father of naturalism. This case confirms the establishment of more intense relations between writer and politics and builds a solid way for a more conscious and everyday political engagement in the literary world from the end of the 19th century onwards. These three are the most important cases which illustrate how fiction functioned in relation to society, state and readership in 19th century France.

scholarly journals THE LIFE OF GERVAISE MACQUART AS A LOWER WORKING CLASS WOMEN UNDER FRENCH SECOND EMPIRE IN THE NOVEL L’ASSOMMOIR BY ÉMILE ZOLA

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Teguh Basuki ◽  
Arifah Arum Candra H.
Keyword(s):  
Emile Zola ◽  
Exclusion Process ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Second Empire ◽  
The Novel ◽  
French Society ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Working Class Women ◽  
19Th Century France ◽  
The 19Th Century

The industrialization which developed in the 19th century France had brought both positive and negative impacts. Some of the negative impacts are the rising number of labors, the emergence of inter class conflicts, social problems such as prostitution, and the oppression of lower class women. This research will discuss about the life of lower class women depicted in the novel L’Assommoir by Émile Zola, as the portrayal of the reality in the French Second Empire. The analysis uses qualitative descriptive technique and applies Foucaults’s theory on social exclusion, Beauvoir’s theory of second sex, and also gender theory. The analysis shown that Zola criticize the inequalities in the life of lower class women under Second Empire. It also shows that lower class women excluded from the ‘grand’ discourse in French society. The exclusion process which is done by society and supported by the State at that time regarded as a normal thing and ‘taken for granted’.

scholarly journals The ‘Unknown Arts’ of Ancient America: Challenging Classical Art Canons in 19th-Century France The Reception of Pre-Columbian Art before the Primitivist and Surrealist Avant-gardes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Stüssi Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Nineteenth Century France ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
19Th Century France ◽  
The 19Th Century

Pre-Columbian artefacts have been collected and exhibited in Europe since the 16th century. For a long time, they were considered exotic curiosities, ‘grotesque’ attempts at art by inferior peoples. This was a judgement stemming from a Eurocentric definition of art and, during the 19th century, indissociable from colonial and imperialist ideology. We present some views held in scholarly circles about pre-Columbian art in nineteenth-century France and focus on two artists, Jean Frédéric de Waldeck (1766-1875) and Emile Soldi (1846-1906), who drew from contemporary ethnographic and archaeological research, and pre-Columbian history to challenge the limits of academicism and the Beaux-Arts system.

Islam in France and France in the Territory of Islam in the Late 18th — First Half of the 19th Century

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5 (103)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Prusskaya
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Colonial Experience ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
19Th Century France ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

In the first half of the 19th century France began an active colonial penetration into the region of the Middle East and North Africa, to the territories inhabited mainly by Muslims. Despite its rich colonial experience in the past and long-standing trade and diplomatic relations with the Ottoman Empire, France for the first time met Islam so closely and faced the necessity to govern the territories inhabited by a Muslim majority. This article provides an overview of the relationship between France and Islam at the end of the 18th and first half of the 19th centuries, analyzes the process of awakening interest in this religion among the French and examines the first political steps towards Islam, undertaken by the French authorities during this unstable period, which saw three revolutions in France.

scholarly journals The role of language in psychiatric treatment in the French Romantic Age: A note on Dr Laurent Cerise

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Starobinski
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Moral Treatment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
19Th Century France ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

SYSNOPSISAt the beginning of the 19th century France had many experts on the ‘moral treatment of insanity’. Very few of them, however, applied their experience and theories to the role of language in the development of behaviour from childhood on, in the pathogenesis of mental disorders, and in psychotherapy. To Dr. Louis Cerise, one of the founders of the Annales Médico-Psychologiques, belongs the great distinction of formulating a theory which tried to take account of the necessary contribution of language to individual development. In his book Des Fonctions et des Maladies Nerveuses (1842), he put forward a view of the relationship between the individual and society. His concept of ‘the goal of activity’ still merits our attention.

scholarly journals Photographic Portrait in the 19th Century – Uses and Functions in the Construction of Celebrities. The Case of Émile Zola

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-173
Author(s):  
Célia Vieira ◽  
Inês Santos
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Emile Zola ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
The World ◽  
Symbolic Construction ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Different Parts

The main goal of this study is to establish a relationship between the use of the portrait and the concept of celebrity, at the end of the 19th century, taking as a corpus of analysis a set of requests for photographs sent by letter to Zola, from correspondents located in different parts of the world. It is intended, through a qualitative analysis of this collection, to identify the functionalities and contexts within this set of correspondents requested these images, in order to understand the role that photography has taken in the symbolic construction process of this figure as a celebrity.

Urban space and the power of language: the stigmatization of the faubourg in 19th-century France

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Merriman
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban Elites ◽  
Urban Periphery ◽  
Center City ◽  
19Th Century France ◽  
The 19Th Century

With the growth of French cities in the 19th century, a discourse of stigmatization developed in response to the economic and social evolution of the urban periphery. The faubourgs, which had already for some time made urban elites uneasy, were stigmatized as the locus of people (and activities) unwanted in the center city. They were expelled to the periphery (with the Haussmannization of Paris providing the classic case). At the same time, the social fear of the people of the faubourgs became increasingly linked with political fear, indeed well before the end of the century, when the faubourgs (not all of them, of course, as Versailles and some others were quite different) were evolving into “the suburbs”, those of Paris, above all, but in many provincial towns and cities as well, and especially when certain faubourgs and suburbs began to mount a challenge to the politics of the center city. Here we are joining the effort to establish the historical origins of a true discourse and vocabulary of the stigmatization of the urban periphery of French cities, so marked today, and place them in the middle decades of the 19th century.

scholarly journals Le handicap au risque de l’amour Un combat incertain contre les représentations sociales du xixe siècle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédérique MARTY
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Club Foot ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
First Person ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Comedie Humaine ◽  
Mild Disability ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

Through two works taken from Balzac's Comédie humaine (César Birotteau and Modeste Mignon) our study seeks to demonstrate the power of ostracization of social representations against deviant bodies in the 19th century in Western societies. We question the tolerance scale for mild disability, the club-foot, in two parts, and then in the face of a deformity considered to be monstrous, that of a hunchbacked dwarf. If the first person with a disability manages to marry his sweetheart, he owes it to its intact validity, to a share of luck afforded by the novelist, but above all to the force of money! We will find this character in the Human comedy. The second only exists for the duration of the novel. Faced with the one he loves and the reader, he shines with the intelligence and sensitivity bestowed by the narrator. For happiness, he will have to be content to be the true craftsman of the one whom the one he loves aims for, without sharing it, because a monster, even bright and full of humor, remains a monster.

Des œuvres décentes qui font rougir : la métaphore véhiculant la sexualité (apparemment) absente dans quelques romans zoliens

2012 ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Anna Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Emile Zola ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The World ◽  
Sex And Sexuality ◽  
The 19Th Century

Sex and sexuality are two obsessions of the 19th century. As the literature of this time, influenced by the Victorian hypocritical morality, rejects these subjects, considered as “immoral”, the relation of any form of sexual act is consequently absent in the works of 19th century writers, even of those who consider themselves as realists. However, the work of a writer like Emile Zola cannot overlook this problem, so important for naturalism. For Zola, sex is a vital activity and should be shown in works of art. Therefore, to give his writings the appearance of decency, Zola uses metaphors that “sexualise” some elements of the world of his novels, like plants, animals, things, places and everyday occupations. This allows him to show, in an imaginary way, the aspects of life that cannot be displayed openly and directly. Thank to his poetic talent these images constitute a valuable part of his Rougon-Macquart series.

scholarly journals A forma é o real: Flaubert lido por Baudelaire e Maupassant

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (54) ◽  
Author(s):  
Júnior Vilarino Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Gustave Flaubert ◽  
Charles Baudelaire ◽  
Guy De Maupassant ◽  
Madame Bovary

O romance Madame Bovary, de Gustave Flaubert, quanto à sua influência, extrapola os limites de gêneros, épocas e movimentos literários e chega à contemporaneidade na posição de obra paradigmática tanto da inconversibilidade do real pela literatura quanto da irredutibilidade do literário a realidades pré-existentes. O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar que os escritores Charles Baudelaire e Guy de Maupassant ressaltam, em textos críticos sobre Madame Bovary, o formalismo e a impessoalidade da narrativa como recursos que instauram a imanência da obra e problematizam a pertença do autor à escola realista. O retorno a essas críticas pode lançar luz sobre experimentações estéticas posteriores em que a representação interroga o estatuto do documento e da referencialidade externa.

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