scholarly journals Addressing multi-bit errors in DRAM/memory subsystem

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ravikiran Yeleswarapu
Keyword(s):  
Error Correcting Code ◽  
Storage Overhead ◽  
Reed Solomon Code ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Symbol Detection ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Memory Subsystem ◽  
Aliasing Probability ◽  
Data Bus ◽  
Novel Design

As DRAM technology continues to evolve towards smaller feature sizes and increased densities, faults in DRAM subsystem are becoming more severe. Current servers mostly use CHIPKILL based schemes to tolerate up-to one/two symbol errors per DRAM beat. Such schemes may not detect multi-symbol errors arising due to faults in multiple data buses and/or chips. In this work, we introduce Single Symbol Correction Multiple Symbol Detection (SSCMSD) - a novel error handling scheme to correct single-symbol errors and detect multi-symbol errors. Our scheme makes use of a hash in combination with Error Correcting Code (ECC) to avoid silent data corruptions (SDCs). SSCMSD also enhances the capability of detecting errors in address bits. We develop a novel scheme that deploys 32-bit CRC along with Reed-Solomon code to implement SSCMSD for a x4 based DDRx system. Simulation based experiments show that our scheme effectively prevents SDCs in the presence of multi-symbol errors (in data) as well as address bit errors only limited by the aliasing probability of the hash. Our novel design enabled us to achieve this without introducing additional READ latency. We need 19 chips per rank (storage overhead of 18.75 percent), 76 data bus-lines and additional hash-logic at the memory controller.

scholarly journals Addressing multiple bit/symbol errors in DRAM subsystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e359
Author(s):  
Ravikiran Yeleswarapu ◽  
Arun K. Somani
Keyword(s):  
System Simulation ◽  
Error Correcting Code ◽  
Solomon Code ◽  
Reed Solomon Code ◽  
Symbol Detection ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Aliasing Probability ◽  
Multiple Devices ◽  
Data Bus ◽  
Novel Design

As DRAM technology continues to evolve towards smaller feature sizes and increased densities, faults in DRAM subsystem are becoming more severe. Current servers mostly use CHIPKILL based schemes to tolerate up-to one/two symbol errors per DRAM beat. Such schemes may not detect multiple symbol errors arising due to faults in multiple devices and/or data-bus, address bus. In this article, we introduce Single Symbol Correction Multiple Symbol Detection (SSCMSD)—a novel error handling scheme to correct single-symbol errors and detect multi-symbol errors. Our scheme makes use of a hash in combination with Error Correcting Code (ECC) to avoid silent data corruptions (SDCs). We develop a novel scheme that deploys 32-bit CRC along with Reed-Solomon code to implement SSCMSD for a ×4 based DDR4 system. Simulation based experiments show that our scheme effectively guards against device, data-bus and address-bus errors only limited by the aliasing probability of the hash. Our novel design enabled us to achieve this without introducing additional READ latency. We need 19 chips per rank, 76 data bus-lines and additional hash-logic at the memory controller.

Research and Implementation of Optimizing CRS Code for Data Recovery in Cloud Storage System

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 1915-1918
Author(s):  
Shao Min Zhang ◽  
Hai Pu Dong ◽  
Bao Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Matrix Multiplication ◽  
Data Recovery ◽  
A Algorithm ◽  
Binary Matrix ◽  
Storage Overhead ◽  
Reed Solomon Code ◽  
Xor Operation ◽  
Massive Information

With development of computer technology, massive information has brought huge challenge on the storage system reliability. A algorithm called HG(Heuristic greedy) algorithm is proposed to optimal calculation path, reduce XOR operation and computational complexity for data recovery, which applies CRS(Cauchy Reed-Solomon) code to cloud storage system HDFS and turns multiply operation of CRS coding to binary matrix multiplication operation.The performance analysis shows that it improves fault tolerance of cloud file system, storage space effectively and timeliness with reduction of additional storage overhead.

Enhancing data transfer architecture using LSB steganography combined with reed solomon code

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.29) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
H A. Jassim ◽  
Z K. Taha ◽  
M A. Alsaedi ◽  
B M. Albaker
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Error Correcting Code ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Haar Wavelet Transform ◽  
Solomon Code ◽  
Secret Image ◽  
Reed Solomon Code

In this paper, new steganographic systems employing least significant bit technique and wavelet transform for embedding are proposed. These systems incorporate threshold level technique to enhance the performance of embedding scheme. Further, Forward error correcting code is used to improve the system performance. In the proposed system, the cover image is a gray image and the wavelet transform is applied directly. The secret image is coded using Reed Solomon code for preparing to embedding process. The locations of embedding are randomly selected according to pseudorandom number sequence. The combination between the ciphering process and steganography gives the system high level of security. This idea makes unauthorized retrieval is difficult. The simulation results show that the stego image is visually similar to the original one and does not have any suspension about embedded image. The extracted secret image is similar to the original secret image. The results indicate that using one-level Haar wavelet transform increases the capacity of the secret image that can be embedded. Hence, the steganographic goals are achieved in these systems. The proposed systems are simulated using MATLAB® software package.  

scholarly journals A Fast, Time-Sliced, Multiple Data Bus Structure for Overlapping I/O and CPU Operations

1981 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 3875-3879 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Rathbun ◽  
C. Maples ◽  
J. Meng ◽  
D. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Fast Time ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Bus Structure ◽  
Data Bus

scholarly journals Smart sealing for magnetorheological fluid actuators

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Hegger ◽  
Jürgen Maas
Keyword(s):  
Movement Control ◽  
Magnetorheological Fluid ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Stray Field ◽  
Fluid Movement ◽  
Shear Rates ◽  
High Shear Rates ◽  
Viscous Losses ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Novel Design

In automotive and industrial environments, magnetorheological fluid–based applications such as clutches and brakes are gaining continuously more attention. However, one of the serious challenges for their application are drag losses at high shear rates. While viscous losses of the magnetorheological fluid can be eliminated by a magnetorheological fluid movement control based on partially filled shear gaps, commonly utilized sealings also cause drag losses based on dry friction. To overcome these challenges, in this contribution, a novel design of sealings for magnetorheological fluid–based actuators is introduced eliminating the adverse drag losses. The intended sealing is based on the magnetorheological fluid itself, positioned in a sealing gap and exposed to a well-defined magnetic stray field of a permanent magnet to prevent any leakage. To eliminate drag torques, a superimposed functional principle with the magnetorheological fluid movement control is utilized. An analytical and a simulation-based modeling approach is proposed describing the torque behavior of the magnetorheological fluid sealing. In experimental investigations, the drag torque-free operation is proven by showing a lossless operation above a defined rotational speed.

scholarly journals Simulation-Based Performance Analysis for a Novel AVS/RS Technology with Movable Lifts

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2283
Author(s):  
Boris Jerman ◽  
Banu Yetkin Ekren ◽  
Melis Küçükyaşar ◽  
Tone Lerher
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Arrival Rate ◽  
Point Location ◽  
Throughput Rate ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Initial Work ◽  
Novel Design

This paper studies a novel autonomous vehicle-based storage and retrieval system (AVS/RS) design with movable lifts (AVS/RS/ML). In the proposed system, there are aisle-captive lifts that are able to travel along the warehouse aisle to position themselves at the target column location. Those lifts can lift up/down the autonomous vehicles to/from the target storage compartment when they are in standstill. This novel design is proposed as an alternative to existing AVS/RSs to balance the resource utilizations as well as to provide an inexpensive solution with highly utilized autonomous vehicles (i.e., AGVs). As an initial work, for this novel system, two alternative operating designs under different racking configurations are experimented. We compare those two designs by their throughput rate performance metrics under the arrival rate scenarios with highly utilized AGVs (i.e., 95%). Besides, we experiment with two warehouse capacity scenarios: 900 and 1800 storage compartments. The results show that designs with two separate I/O point locations provide a better throughput rate than designs with single I/O point location. Besides, a decreased number of columns in the system improves the system’s performance.

A Framework for the Design and Optimization of Self-Folding Structures

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Landen Bowen ◽  
Mary Frecker ◽  
Timothy W. Simpson ◽  
Rebecca Strzelec
Keyword(s):  
Active Material ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Optimization Framework ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Trade Space Exploration ◽  
Specific Implementation ◽  
Passive Materials ◽  
Novel Design

Due to the multidisciplinary nature and complexity of self folding structures, it can be difficult to know where to start when designing for a new application. Decisions about the active and passive materials to be used and the functionality of the design are very interrelated and can create problems if not considered holistically. There is a need to formalize the steps necessary to move from an origami-inspired shape to a full self-folding concept. In this paper, an optimization framework is proposed to help designers create self-folding, origami-inspired structures that can accommodate any type of active material. The optimization framework formalizes the design steps needed to move from a target shape/application to a self-folding design. The method is simulation-based, allowing a self-folding design candidate to be identified quickly prior to costly trial-and-error physical prototyping. A general version of the framework is presented that can accommodate a variety of simulation and optimization methods, after which a specific implementation of the framework utilizing a dynamic model and trade space exploration tools is discussed and then used to design a multi-field self-folding carton. By using the framework, a novel design was identified that both significantly decreased the folding error as well as the amount of active material used when compared to designs that would typically be attempted in a trial-by-error design approach. The demonstrated self-folding design optimization framework has the potential to streamline the design of self-folding structures, resulting in better designs with less time, effort, and cost.

scholarly journals A Multi-Model Approach for Simulation-Based Digital Twin in Resilient Services

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 133-145
Author(s):  
Arnis Lektauers ◽  
Jelena Pecerska ◽  
Vitalijs Bolsakovs ◽  
Andrejs Romanovs ◽  
Janis Grabis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Share Data ◽  
The Given ◽  
Interactive Simulations ◽  
Web Platform ◽  
Model Approach

Complex cyber-physical systems demand integrated solution approaches. The current work presents a multi-model approach for simulation-based digital twins as a formal and technological foundation for the analysis and improvement of resilient services. The given approach has several significant benefits including the possibility to conduct interactive simulations and experiments based on systems engineering principles, to share data across multiple data sources and storages, to manage operations in real-time, as well as to enable collaboration between the users in an integrated web platform. The proposal is illustrated on the use cases of secure telemedicine services and secure remote workplace.

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