scholarly journals Effects of different shrimp extracts on Vibrio parahaemolyticus growth and virulence

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thuan Thien Truong ◽  
◽  
The Hao Nguyen ◽  
Cong Chinh Bui ◽  
Thi Thu Hoai Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Counting Method ◽  
Tiger Prawn ◽  
Extracellular Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the main causative agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in shrimp. This study aimed to investigate how shrimp extracts affect the growth and virulence of an AHPND-causative strain known as V. parahaemolyticus XN9. To this end, the bacteria was cultured in media containing 3% extract of each of five shrimp types and their growth kinetics were compared against that from bacteria grown in brain-heart infusion (BHI) media. Eight-hour growth curves were constructed using the plate-counting method. The activity of five extracellular enzymes that contribute to bacterial virulence was examined using the agar-based method. The results showed that V. parahaemolyticus XN9’s growth was strongly enhanced in all five shrimp extract media with the highest increase (25% greater than the BHI medium) found in the giant tiger prawn extract. Additionally, all the shrimp extracts boosted the extracellular enzymatic activity of V. parahaemolyticus XN9, although to different extents. In summary, the shrimp extracts, particularly that from the prawns, not only promoted the viability and growth of V. parahaemolyticus XN9 but also its extracellular enzymatic activities.

scholarly journals Effects of salinity and shaking condition on the growth and virulence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-362
Author(s):  
Tran Ngoc My Hanh ◽  
Tran Van Nhi ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thu Hoai
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Halophilic Bacterium ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Early Mortality Syndrome ◽  
Potential Pathogen ◽  
Salinity Increase ◽  
The One ◽  
Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram-negative halophilic bacterium that is found in estuarine, marine and coastal environment. This organism is the major causative agent of Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS) or Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) which resulted in serious damages to cultured shrimp industry. Understanding the effect of environmental factors on the growth and virulence of this potential pathogen would be beneficial for preventing its outbreak. In this study, the growth and virulence of V. parahaemolyticus was examined under different salinity and shaking condition. V. parahaemolyticus XN9 was cultured in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) medium with different sodium chloride concentrations (2.0, 2.5 and 3.0%) and different shaking conditions (0, 120 and 240 rpm). The growth of the bacterium was recorded over 8h and six extracellular enzymes of V. parahaemolyticus XN9 including caseinase, hemolysin, lecithinase, lipase, gelatinase, chitinase were investigated using agar-based method. The growth of V. parahaemolyticus was varied among different salinity and shaking conditions. It showed the best growth at 2.0% NaCl and 240 rpm. No change in the enzymatic activity (EA) of the tested extracellular enzymes was observed while changing salinity except the significant decline of gelatinase from 3.49±0.19 to 2.77±0.17 mm following salinity increase (p < 0.05). On the other hand, regarding shaking condition, lipase was the one to increase its activity significantly following the increase of shaking speed (p < 0.05). While caseinase, lecithinase, gelatinase and lipase were well expressed in V. parahaemolyticus, no hemolytic and chitinase activity was observed in any tested conditions. In summary, our study showed that 2.0 % NaCl and 240 rpm shaking promoted the best growth of V. parahaemolyticus and resulted in highest activity of gelatinase and lipase in this bacterium.

scholarly journals Effects of pH, temperature and oxygen-limited condition on the virulence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. First
Author(s):  
Van Nhi Tran ◽  
Phuong Nhat Vi Nguyen ◽  
Thi Thu Hoai Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Level ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Gelatinase Activity ◽  
Limited Condition ◽  
Extracellular Enzymatic Activity

Introduction: Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a popular Gram-negative bacterium in the marine and estuarine regions. It can cause Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS), now named Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND), which resulted in severe losses to the shrimp culture. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pH, temperature, and oxygen-limited condition on the extracellular enzymatic activity of V. parahaemolyticus. Methods: V.  parahaemolyticus XN9, an AHPND-causing strain, was cultured in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) medium at different pHs (7.5, 8.0, 8.5 and 9.0), temperatures (25oC, 30oC, and 35oC) and different oxygen conditions (either 120rpm shaking or static with the presence of oxygen absorber packages). The activity of five extracellular enzymes, including caseinase, lecithinase, chitinase, gelatinase, and lipase, was assessed using the agar-based method with the corresponding media. Results: When pH was increased from 7.5 to 9.0, caseinase and lipase activity was decreased significantly by 88% and 44%. In contrast, gelatinase activity increased markedly from 0 to 1.38 ± 0.17 (+) mm, and lecithinase reached the highest activity, which was 2.96 ± 0.13 mm (++) at pH 8.5. Regarding effect of temperature, highest activity of caseinase (0.85 ± 0.13 mm (+)) and gelatinase (1.37 ± 0.25 mm (+)) was obtained at 350C, lecithinase at 30oC and lipase at 25oC. Regarding the effect of oxygen level, the activity of most tested enzymes decreased significantly following the decrease of oxygen level. The highest activity of caseinase, gelatinase, and lipase was observed when the bacteria were cultured and tested in a fully oxygenated condition while lecithinase showed the highest activity when the bacteria were cultured in oxygenated condition but tested in oxygen-limited condition. No chitinase activity was observed in any of the tested conditions. Conclusion: Our data suggested that extracellular enzymatic activity of V. parahaemolyticus is significantly influenced by environmental conditions. No particular testing condition resulted in the highest activity for all tested enzymes. However, warm temperature (30/ 35oC), mildly alkaline pH (pH 8.0), and fully oxygenated condition could increase the overall extracellular enzymatic activity of V. parahaemolyticus, thus increase its potential virulence.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATING THE PRODUCTION OF EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES OF VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS STRAINS ISOLATED IN VIETNAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-710
Author(s):  
Ngo Nguyen Vu ◽  
Pham Thi Thu Hien ◽  
Le Nguyen Minh Tien ◽  
Do Ngoc Phuc Chau ◽  
Hoang Tung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Southern Vietnam ◽  
Core Enzyme ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease

Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) is a widespread disease targeting cultured shrimps, which results in heavy losses in many regions around the world including Vietnam. The causative agent of the disease is Vibrio paraheamolyticus which is a Gram-negative bacterium present ubiquitously in marine environment. However, this normal floral organism once acquired a plasmid containing Pir- toxin encoding gene (AHPND plasmid) can transform into a highly toxic strain (AHPND strain) with the ability to kill a large number of cultured shrimps in a short period. To understand more on the virulence of V. parahaemolyticus, 17 different V. parahaemolyticus isolates collected from different locations in Southern Vietnam have been analyzed for the presence of AHPND plasmid using PCR method and their extracellular enzyme profile using agar- based method. Seven enzymes which are known to be important virulence factors of the bacterium were studied including caseinase, gelatinase, lecithinase, hemolysin, elastase, lipase and chitinase. Results showed that among 17 studied isolates, six were detected to have AHPND plasmid. Enzymatic activity was observed for caseinase, gelatinase and lecithinase while undetectable for others. The ability to produce these three enzymes varied among different V. parahaemolyticus isolates. Lecithinase appeared in all isolates while the presence of caseinase and gelatinase varied. This indicated that lecithinase seems to be core enzyme of V. paraheamolyticus and the extracellular enzymes do not correlate with the presence of AHPND plasmid. In conclusion, our data suggested that the virulence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus mostly depends on the presence of AHPND plasmid other than extracellular enzymes.

scholarly journals Effects of Feed Mixed with Lactic Acid Bacteria and Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus Supplied to the Water on the Growth and Survival Rate of White Leg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) Infected with Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease Caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Linh Nguyen Thi Truc ◽  
Tuu Nguyen Thanh ◽  
To Tran Thi Hong ◽  
Day Pham Van ◽  
Minh Vo Thi Tuyet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Penaeus Vannamei ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Shrimp Health

This study aimed to evaluate the growth, survival rate, and resistance to acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) of white leg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) by using Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Pediococcus pentosaceus mixed with feed, and at the same time supplying CNP in a ratio of 15:1:0.1 to the water. As a result, the treatments that shrimp were fed with feed containing lactic acid bacteria (LAB), especially L. plantarum, have increased shrimp growth, total hemocyte cells, granulocyte cells, and hyaline cells significantly (p < 0.05) in comparison to the control group. The supply of CNP to the water has promoted the intensity of V. parahaemolyticus effects on shrimp health and significantly decreased total hemocyte cells, granulocyte cells, and hyaline cells by 30–50% in the period after three days of the challenge, except in L. plantarum treatment, which had only a 20% decrease compared to other treatments. In CNP supplying treatments, the AHPND infected rate and mortality of shrimp were higher than those in other treatments. In summary, the supply of CNP had significantly reduced the shrimp’s immune response and promoted the susceptibility of shrimp to AHPND in both cases of use with and without LAB-containing diets.

Effect of Sodium Nitrite on Growth of Shigella flexneri

1991 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 424-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURA L. ZAIKA ◽  
ANNA H. KIM ◽  
LOUISE FORD
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Generation Times ◽  
High Salt Content ◽  
Lag Times

A partial factorial design study of the effect of NaNO2 (0, 100, 200, 1000 ppm) in combination with NaCl (0.5, 2.5, 4.0%), pH (7.5, 6.5, 5.5), and temperature (37, 28, 19°C) on growth of Shigella flexneri is reported. Experiments were done aerobically in brain-heart infusion medium, using an inoculum of 1 × 103 CFU/ml. Growth curves were fitted from plate count data by the Gompertz equation; exponential growth rates, lag times, generation times, and maximum populations were derived for all variable combinations. In the absence of nitrite, the organism grew well under all test conditions at 37 and 28°C but did not grow at 19°C at pH 5.5 nor at pH 7.5 with 4% NaCl. Nitrite did not affect growth in media of pH 7.5 at 37 and 28°C. At pH 6.5 growth was inhibited by 1000 ppm NaNO2. The organism failed to grow at 19°C at all nitrite levels in the presence of 2.5 or 4.0% NaCl. The inhibitory effect of nitrite was much greater in media of pH 5.5 and increased with increasing salt levels. More inhibition was apparent at 28 than at 37°C. While lack of growth was used as a paradigm of the effect of nitrite on S. flexneri, nitrite also increased the lag and generation times and decreased the exponential growth rate. Results indicated that NaNO2 in combinations with low temperature, low pH, and high salt content can effectively inhibit the growth of S. flexneri.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of the Shrimp Pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus ST17.P5-S1, Isolated in Peninsular Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridevi Devadas ◽  
Subha Bhassu ◽  
Tze Chiew Christie Soo ◽  
Fatimah M. Yusoff ◽  
Mohamed Shariff
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Penaeus Vannamei ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease

We sequenced the genome of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain ST17.P5-S1, isolated from Penaeus vannamei cultured in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The strain contains several antibiotic resistance genes and a plasmid encoding the Photorhabdus insect-related (Pir) toxin-like genes, pirAvp and pirBvp, associated with acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND).

Variation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from a single Thai shrimp farm experiencing an outbreak of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)

Aquaculture ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 428-429 ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Joshi ◽  
Jiraporn Srisala ◽  
Viet Hong Truong ◽  
I-Tung Chen ◽  
Bunlung Nuangsaeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Shrimp Farm ◽  
Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease

scholarly journals Passive Immunization with Recombinant Antibody VLRB-PirAvp/PirBvp—Enriched Feeds against Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection in Litopenaeus vannamei Shrimp

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Jassy Mary S. Lazarte ◽  
Young Rim Kim ◽  
Jung Seok Lee ◽  
Jin Hong Chun ◽  
Si Won Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Recombinant Antibody ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Shrimp Feed ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease ◽  
Shrimp Farms

The causative agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is the bacterium, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which secretes toxins into the gastrointestinal tract of its host. Vibrio parahaemolyticus toxins A and B (PirAvp/PirBvp) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease, and are, therefore, the focus of studies developing treatments for AHPND. We previously produced recombinant antibodies based on the hagfish variable lymphocyte receptor B (VLRB) capable of neutralizing some viruses, suggesting that this type of antibody may have a potential application for treatment of AHPND. Here, recombinant PirAvp/PirBvp, produced using a bacterial expression system, were used as antigens to screen a hagfish VLRB cDNA library to obtain PirAvp/PirBvp-specific antibodies. A cell line secreting these antibodies was established by screening and cloning the DNA extracted from hagfish B cells. Supernatants collected from cells secreting the PirAvp/PirBvp antibodies were collected and concentrated, and used to passively immunize shrimp to neutralize the toxins PirAvp or PirBvp associated with AHPND. Briefly, 10 μg of PirAvp and PirBvp antibodies, 7C12 and 9G10, respectively, were mixed with the shrimp feed, and fed to shrimp for three days consecutive days prior to experimentally infecting the shrimp with V. parahaemolyticus (containing toxins A and B), and resulting mortalities recorded for six days. Results showed significantly higher level of survival in shrimp fed with the PirBvp-9G10 antibody (60%) compared to the group fed the PirAvp-7C12 antibody (3%) and the control group (0%). This suggests that VLRB antibodies may be a suitable alternative to immunoglobulin-based antibodies, as passive immunization treatments for effective management of AHPND outbreaks within shrimp farms.

scholarly journals Targeting PirAvp and PirBvp Toxins of Vibrio parahaemolyticus with Oilseed Peptides: An In Silico Approach

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1211
Author(s):  
Joe-Hui Ong ◽  
Wey-Lim Wong ◽  
Fai-Chu Wong ◽  
Tsun-Thai Chai
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Toxin Binding ◽  
Binding Peptides ◽  
Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Tryptic Hydrolysis ◽  
Dual Target

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), caused by PirAvp- and PirBvp-releasing Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains, has resulted in massive mortality in shrimp aquaculture. Excessive use of antibiotics for AHPND management has led to antibiotic resistance, highlighting the urgency to search for alternatives. Using an in silico approach, we aimed to discover PirAvp/PirBvp-binding peptides from oilseed meals as alternatives to antibiotics. To search for peptides that remain intact in the shrimp digestive tract, and therefore would be available for toxin binding, we focused on peptides released from tryptic hydrolysis of 37 major proteins from seeds of hemp, pumpkin, rape, sesame, and sunflower. This yielded 809 peptides. Further screening led to 24 peptides predicted as being non-toxic to shrimp, fish, and humans, with thermal stability and low water solubility. Molecular docking on the 24 peptides revealed six dual-target peptides capable of binding to key regions responsible for complex formation on both PirAvp and PirBvp. The peptides (ISYVVQGMGISGR, LTFVVHGHALMGK, QSLGVPPQLGNACNLDNLDVLQPTETIK, ISTINSQTLPILSQLR, PQFLVGASSILR, and VQVVNHMGQK) are 1139–2977 Da in mass and 10–28 residues in length. Such peptides are potential candidates for the future development of peptide-based anti-AHPND agents which potentially mitigate V. parahaemolyticus pathogenesis by intercepting PirAvp/PirBvp complex formation.

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