scholarly journals Pengaruh Komunikasi Massa Terhadap Audiens

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Nurhalima Tambunan
Keyword(s):  
Opinion Leader ◽  
Step Flow ◽  
One Step

<p>Perkembangan tekhnologi telah mempengaruhi pola kehidupan manusia baik secara negative maupun positif. Dengan beraneka ragamnya jenis tekhnologi komunikasi massa pada manusia</p><p>saat ini telah mampu mempengaruhi khalayak dan individu. Pengaruh media massa terhadap individu dapat melaui jalur satu tahap (<em>one step folow</em>) dan jalur dua tahap. Pengaruh komunikasi melalui satu tahap (<em>one step follow)</em> dimana komunikasi massa dapat mempengaruhi individu secara langsung tampa melaui pemuka pendapat atau opinion leader. Sedangkan komunikasi melalui dua tahap (Two step Flow) adalah dimana media massa mempengaruhi individu melalui open leader atau pemuka pendapat. Model aliran dua tahap sebagai suatu studi tentang bagaimana memilih berorientasi pada efek. Model aliran dua tahap berpendapat, efektivitas komunikasi massa terjadi setelah tahap pertama yang melalui opinion leader. Tanpa opinion leader, komunikasi massa terbatas sekali efektivitasnya terhadap masa <em>audience</em>. Tahap-tahap terjadinya model komunikasi aliran dua tahap adalah sebagai Seseorang yang memperoleh suatu ide atau gagasan baru dari media massa akan terjalin dalam suatu interaksi dengan orang lain. Adanya peranan aktif dari pemuka–pemuka pendapat dengan cara berkomunikasi. Tatap muka khusunya bagi masyarakat desa ataupun masyarakat yang sedang membangun maupun masyarakat pasif.</p>

Direct freezing of whole blood enables analysis of leucocyte markers by flow cytometry: a proof-of-concept study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pénélope Bourgoin ◽  
Inès Ait Belkacem ◽  
Isabelle Arnoux ◽  
Pierre-Emmanuel Morange ◽  
Fabrice Malergue
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Fresh Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Step Flow ◽  
Freezing Method ◽  
One Step

Aim: A new one-step flow cytometry procedure has been recently demonstrated for identifying subjects with infections, but only for fresh whole blood samples. The goal of this study was to assess its applicability on frozen samples, by proposing a new method to perform the sample freezing directly and easily. Methods: Fresh blood was tested, then frozen either directly or with dimethylsulfoxide and serum. Common markers of white blood cells as well as infection-related biomarkers were tested. Results: All percentages of leucocyte subsets and levels of infection-related biomarkers were significantly correlated between frozen and fresh samples. Conclusion: The direct freezing method enables an accurate assessment of common cellular sub-populations and of levels of important infectious biomarkers via flow cytometry.

scholarly journals One Step, Two Step, Network Step? Complementary Perspectives on Communication Flows in Twittered Citizen Protests

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hilbert ◽  
Javier Vásquez ◽  
Daniel Halpern ◽  
Sebastián Valenzuela ◽  
Eduardo Arriagada
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Network Flows ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Step Flow ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Total Communication ◽  
One Step ◽  
Communication Flow

The article analyzes the nature of communication flows during social conflicts via the digital platform Twitter. We gathered over 150,000 tweets from citizen protests for nine environmental social movements in Chile and used a mixed methods approach to show that long-standing paradigms for social mobilization and participation are neither replicated nor replaced but reshaped. In digital platforms, long-standing communication theories, like the 1955 two-step flow model, are still valid, while direct one-step flows and more complex network flows are also present. For example, we show that it is no contradiction that social media participants mainly refer to intermediating amplifiers of communicated messages (39% of the mentions from participants go through this two-step communication flow), while at the same time, traditional media outlets and official protest voices receive 80–90% of their mentions directly through a direct one-step flow from the same participants. While nonintuitive at first sight, Bayes’s theorem allows to detangle the different perspectives on the arising communication channel. We identify the strategic importance of a group of amplifying intermediaries in local positions of the networks, who coexist with specialized voices and professional media outlets at the center of the global network. We also show that direct personalized messages represent merely 20% of the total communication. This shows that the fine-grained digital footprint from social media enables us to go beyond simplistic views of a single all-encompassing step flow model for social communication. The resulting research agenda builds on long-standing theories with a new set of tools.

The One-Step Flow of Communication

2006 ◽  
Vol 608 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Lance Bennett ◽  
Jarol B. Manheim
Keyword(s):  
Step Flow ◽  
One Step ◽  
The One

One step flow-through adsorptive purification of tubulin from tissue homogenate

2005 ◽  
Vol 818 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamma Anil ◽  
Reena Pandit ◽  
Madhavi Indap ◽  
Arvind Lali
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Step Flow ◽  
One Step ◽  
Flow Through

PUBLIC FIGURE SEBAGAI VIRTUAL OPINION LEADER DAN KEPERCAYAAN INFORMASI MASYARAKAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Sigit Surahman
Keyword(s):  
Opinion Leader ◽  
Structuration Theory ◽  
Adaptive Structuration Theory ◽  
Public Figure ◽  
Step Flow ◽  
Adaptive Structuration

Kehadiran instagram menjadi fenomena yang digandrungi masyarakat Indonesia, khususnya remaja. Instagram yang sifatnya virtual sering menjadi ajang pamer diri mulai unggahan aktivitas, foto, hingga video. Peneliti tertarik membahas fenomena virtual opinion leader di Instagram. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan studi masyarakat informatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah Instagram Salman_al_jugjawy yang dimiliki oleh Sakti ex personil SheilaOn7. Akun ini mem-posting kata-kata nasihat, pengumuman kajian, dan juga kesehariannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan public figur mudah menjadi virtual opinion leader dan informasinya dipercaya masyarakat. Peneliti menemukan yang menarik pada posting-an akun ini yang disukai dan ditonton rerata diatas 1500 pengikut, tidak menimbulkan kontroversi, provokasi, dan tidak ada komentar miring. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan “salman_al_jugjawy” layak dikatakan sebagai virtual opinion leader. Model Two Step Flow Communications berlangsung sesuai proses Adaptive Structuration Theory.

CONSTRAINED OPINION LEADER INFLUENCE IN AN ELECTORAL CAMPAIGN SEASON: REVISITING THE TWO-STEP FLOW THEORY WITH MULTI-AGENT SIMULATION

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 233-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK C. S. LIU
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
News Media ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Opinion Leader ◽  
Flow Theory ◽  
Opinion Leaders ◽  
The Public ◽  
Step Flow ◽  
Leader Influence ◽  
Agent Simulation

The conventional wisdom derived from the two-step flow theory suggests that opinion leaders have great influence on their followers. However, it has been difficult for social scientists to measure and describe the extent to which political opinion leaders influence voters, especially when voters today access multiple information sources like communication networks and self-selected news media. This paper fills this gap by using agent-based modeling to represent what the two-step flow theory describes about opinion leader influence and refines the theory based on the findings. First, opinion leader influence does not diffuse to the public without homogeneous communication networks. Second, opinion leader influence usually does not diffuse widely to the public because it inevitably faces resistance from self-strengthening communication networks.

scholarly journals Da’wah as an Alternative Approach in Covid-19 Health Protocol Campaign

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Mochammad Irfan Achfandhy
Keyword(s):  
Communication Theory ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Religious Congregations ◽  
Building Relationships ◽  
Step Flow ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
One Step ◽  
The Government ◽  
Religious Counselor

<p class="abstrak">This research aims to elaborate the communication strategy of Islamic Religious Counselors because communication strategies are an important aspect in the process of effectively transferring messages to the audiences. Islamic Religious Counselors are civil servant preachers who carry the mandate from the government to campaign for the Covid-19 health protocols through the da’wah (Islamic communication/propagation) approach. Da’wah and health materials are two different materials that pose challenges for Islamic Religious Counselors, especially in the communication patterns used. The research method used qualitative approach and multi-track communication theory by Thomas Tufte and Paolo Mefalopulos. Data were collected through structured interviews with six informants of Islamic Religious Counselor in Kalasan District and non-participant observations on each of their da’wah activities. The results showed that the preaching activities include recitation, socialization, social service and building relationships carried out with a multi-track communication strategy through a combination of a dialogic and one-step flow communication. Da’wah through a multi-track communication strategy has an impact on the affective side of religious congregations including attitudes, knowledge and awareness. Actualization of Islamic Religious Counselor is a viable alternative approach of the government and community in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic.</p><p class="abstrak" align="left"><em>Penyuluh Agama Islam adalah pendakwah aparatur sipil negara yang mengemban amanah dari pemerintah untuk dapat mengampanyekan protokol kesehatan Covid-19 melalui pendekatan dakwah. Materi dakwah dan kesehatan merupakan dua materi berbeda yang menimbulkan tantangan bagi Penyuluh Agama Islam khususnya dalam pola komunikasi yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengelaborasi strategi komunikasi Penyuluh Agama Islam karena strategi komunikasi merupakan aspek penting dalam proses transfer pesan kepada khalayak secara efektif.  Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan menggunakan teori komunikasi multi-track dari Thomas Tufte dan Paolo Mefalopulos. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara terstruktur dengan informan berjumlah 6 orang Penyuluh Agama Islam di Kecamatan Kalasan dan observasi non-partisipan pada setiap kegiatan dakwah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas dakwah Penyuluh Agama Islam meliputi pengajian, sosialisasi, bakti sosial dan membangun relasi dilakukan dengan strategi komunikasi multi-track melalui kombinasi pendekatan komunikasi dialogis dan pendekatan satu arah. Dakwah melalui strategi komunikasi multi-track berdampak pada sisi afektif jama’ah meliputi sikap, pengetahuan dan kesadaran. Aktualisasi Penyuluh Agama Islam memberikan sebuah kontribusi sebagai alternatif pendekatan pemerintah maupun komunitas dalam menangani bencana Covid-19.</em></p>

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