scholarly journals Phytochemical Investigation of Corchorus olitorius L. Leaves Cultivated in Iraq and it’s In Vitro Antiviral Activity

2018 ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Hayder T. Hasan ◽  
Eman J. Kadhim
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Basic Solution ◽  
Multiplicity Of Infection ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Aqueous Layer

The aim of our study was to investigate the antiviral activity of the Corchorus olitorius family Tiliaceae cultivated in Iraq against measles virus, and to demonstrate an overview about chemical constituents and pharmacological activity of Corchorus olitorius L. About150 gm Leaves of Corchorus. olitorius were defatted by maceration in hexane for 24 hrs. The defatted plant materials were subjected for extraction after filtration using Soxhlet apparatus, with aqueous methanol 85% as a solvent extraction for 24 hours, the extract was filtered, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to get a dry extract of about 12 gm. About 4 gm from the residue was suspended in 100ml water, about 3-4ml of 5% sodium hydroxide was added to obtain a basic solution having PH 10 and partitioned with ethyl acetate (3x100ml), the aqueous layer collected and evaporated to dryness. MTT-cell viability assay (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) was conducted on 96-well plates (Falcon), Vero cells were seeded at 1× 104 cells/well to obtain a multiplicity of infection (MOI 10), and at 5 × 103 cells/well to obtain a multiplicity of infection (MOI 5). Different statistical result revealed a significant antiviral activity of the aqueous layer of Corchorus olitorius leaves against measles virus. The preliminary phytochemical tests showed the presence of phenols and flavonoids in the aqueous layer of Corchorus olitorius leaves. The antiviral activity of Corchorus olitorius leaves is mainly due to the phenolics and flavonoids that detected in the aqueous layer.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF CORCHORUS OLITORIUS L. CULTIVATED IN IRAQ.

2018 ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Hayder Taher Hasen
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Basic Solution ◽  
Multiplicity Of Infection ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Aqueous Layer

Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the antiviral activity of the Corchorus olitorius family tiliaceae cultivated in Iraq against measles virus, and to demonstrate an overview about chemical constituents and pharmacological activity of Corchorus olitorius L. Methods: Leaves of Corchorus. olitorius were defatted by maceration in hexane for 24 hrs. The defatted plant materials were subjected for extraction using Soxhlet apparatus, the aqueous methanol 85% as a solvent extraction for 24 hours, the extract was filtered, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to get a dry extract of about 12 gm. The residue was suspended in 100ml water, about 3-4ml of 5% sodium hydroxide was added to obtain a basic solution having PH 10 and partitioned with ethyl acetate (3x100ml), the aqueous layer collected and evaporated to dryness. MTT-cell viability assay (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) was conducted as on 96-well plates (Falcon), Vero cells were seeded at 1× 104 cells/well to obtain a multiplicity of infection (MOI 10), and at 5 × 103 cells/well to obtain multiplicity of infection (MOI 5). Results: The different statistical result revealed a significant antiviral activity of the aqueous layer of  Corchorus olitorius leaves against measles virus. the preliminary phytochemical tests show the presence of phenols and flavonoids in the aqueous layer of  Corchorus olitorius leaves. Conclusion: The antiviral activity of Corchorus olitorius leaves is mainly due to the phenolics and flavonoids that detected in the aqueous layer.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Investigation of Aerial Parts of Iraqi Cardaria draba

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Alaa M. Abd ◽  
Enas J. Kadhim
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Aqueous Methanol ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Layer Chromatography

 The aim of this study was to study chemical constituents of aerial parts of Cardaria draba since no phytochemical investigation had been studied before in Iraq. Aerial parts of Cardaria draba were defatted by maceration in hexane for 72 h. The defatted plant materials were extracted using Soxhlet apparatus, the aqueous Methanol 90% as a solvent extraction for 18 h, and fractionated with petroleum ether- chloroform (CHCl3)- ethylacetate- and n-butanol respectivly. The ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and n-butanol after hydrolysis fractions were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) for its phenolic acid and flavonoid contents. Flavonoids and phenolic acid derivative were isolated from the ethylacetate of leaf fraction and n-butanol after hydrolysis fraction of the aerial parts and identified by TLC, FTIR and HPLC. A various chromatographic and spectroscopic results shown the presence of luteolin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and resorcinol in aerial parts of C. draba.                                                                                                                              

Chemical Constituents Isolated from Rhododendron ungernii with Antioxidant Profile

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine Dede ◽  
Nusret Genc ◽  
Mahfuz Elmastas ◽  
Huseyin Aksit ◽  
Ramazan Erenler
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Scavenging Effect ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

Background: Plant in Rhododendron genus that contains phenolic compounds has been used in traditional medicine and revealed considerable biological activities. Objective: Isolation and identification of antioxidant natural products from Rhododendron ungernii. Methods: Rhododendron ungernii Trautv. flowers were collected and dried in shade. The dried flowers were extracted with methanol for 3 days. The solvent was removed by reduced pressure to yield the extract which was subjected to column chromatography (Sephadex LH-20, C18 reversed phase column) to isolate catechin-7-O-glucoside (1), quercetin-3-O-β-galactoside (2), quercetin-3-O- β-xyloside (3), farrerol (4), myricetin (5), and quercetin (6). The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods such as 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, and LC-TOF/MS. DPPH scavenging effect, ABTS+ scavenging activity, and reducing power (FRAP) were performed for antioxidant assays of isolated natural compounds. Results: Isolated flavonoids displayed the outstanding antioxidant activities. Catechin-7-O-glucoside (1) and quercetin-3-O-β-galactoside (2) (IC50, 3.66 µg/mL) had the most DPPH• scavenging effect among the compounds. The highest ABTS•+ scavenging activity (IC50, 1.41 µg/mL) and reducing power effect (6.05 mmol TE/g comp) were observed for myricetin (5). Conclusion: R. ungernii extract and isolated compounds could be a promising antioxidant for food and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Properties and Chemical Constituents of Oil from Joan Seed (Trachyspermum ammi L)

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
S Morshed ◽  
MK Alam ◽  
A Begum ◽  
SMS Shahriar ◽  
KN Sharmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Petroselinic Acid ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Oil ◽  
Trachyspermum Ammi ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus

The paper deals with the investigation of the fatty oil of carom seed (Trachyspermum ammi) for its physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid composition. Oil from carom seed collected from local market was extracted with n-hexane in a glass Soxhlet apparatus. Extracted oil was dark green, burning taste, spicy in odour and soluble in n-hexane, chloroform, pet. ether and benzene. Its chemical characteristic such as acid value (6.69), Iodine value (79.39), Peroxide value (457.11), Saponification value (184.32), Unsaponified matter (9.11), Free fatty acid value as petroselinic acid (48.1) were determined by conventional method. The composition of fatty oil was determined by Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC). From GLC analysis the main constituents of fatty oil such as Petroselinic acid (89.35%), Oleic acid (5.86%), Linoleic acid (4.79%) were determined. For the better evaluation of these spices, it is necessary to know their complete chemical composition.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14571 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(2): 15-21 2012

scholarly journals High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography Fingerprinting Analysis of Piper betle L. Leaves

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Ramdas N. Kale ◽  
Ravindra Y. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Introduction: Many modern medicines used today based on plants and plant products. Piper betle is generally known as the betle vine, it is an important medicinal and recreational plant. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) is an advanced powerful analytical method with more separation power, high performance and superior reproducibility than classic thin layer chromatography (TLC). A chromatographic fingerprint of a plant extract is a chromatographic pattern of some common chemical constituents of pharmacologically active and/or chemical characteristics. Chromatographic fingerprints are useful in authentication and identification of plant. Objectives:  Objectives of present research was to establish HPTLC fingerprinting of methanolic extract of Piper betle L. leaves. Materials and Methods: Methanolic extract of Piper betle leaves was prepared using soxhlet apparatus. HPTLC studies were performed using a CAMAG HPTLC system equipped with automatic TLC sampler-4 (ATS 4), TLC scanner 4, and vision CATS 3.0 software. Results: The study revealed the presence of alkaloids with Rf value 0.65, flavonoids with Rf values 0.19, 0.29, 0.72, 0.95., and phenolic compound with Rf value 0.7. Conclusion: The HPTLC fingerprinting profile developed for the methanolic extract of Piper betle L. leaves will help in proper identification of the plant.Piper betle

RP-HPLC AND HPTLC METHODS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF LUPEOL IN. HEMIDESMUS INDICUS LINN. ROOT EXTRACTS AND POLYHERBAL FORMULATION USING STANDARD MA

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (07) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Jayaprakasam Rajendran ◽  
Anita Elizabeth Chacko ◽  
Tresa Thomas ◽  
Neethu Johnson ◽  
Kochupapy Ravi Thengungal
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Hemidesmus Indicus ◽  
Polyherbal Formulation ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Hptlc Method

The roots of Hemidesmus indicus, belonging to the family Ascelpidaceae, are used as blood purifier, antileucorrhoeic, galactogenic, antidiarrhoeal, antirheumatic, antisyphilitic, febrifuge and possesses chemical constituents like triterpenoids (lupeol), flavonoids, glycosides and tannins. Roots were dried and extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol by using Soxhlet apparatus. Two simple and sensitive chromatographic methods, namely, HPTLC and HPLC, were developed for determination of lupeol from the extract of H. indicus and its polyherbal formulation and validated according to ICH guidelines. The HPTLC method linear regression data for the standard lupeol a concentration range of 400-900ng/spot and correlation coefficient (r) was 0.9904. The HPLC calibration curves of standard lupeol showed good linearity range from 20 to 100μg/ml and correlation coefficient (r) was 0.9929. The HPTLC and HPLC methods are simple, precise, accurate and specific. Hence, these methods can be used for the standardization of lupeol in herbal plants and polyherbal formulations.

Functional Group Manipulations

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Jack Li ◽  
Chris Limberakis ◽  
Derek A. Pflum
Keyword(s):  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Lithium Bromide ◽  
Methyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
Aqueous Layer ◽  
G 34

CBr4–Ph3P is very straightforward and widely used. Workup and purification can be messy at times because of the by-product, Ph3PO. To a mixture of the alcohol (0.800 g, 3.36 mmol) and carbon tetrabromide (1.337 g, 4.03 mmol) in CH2Cl2 at 0 ºC was added a solution of PPh3 (1.319 g, 5.03 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (3 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h, concentrated under reduced pressure, and purified by column chromatography to afford the bromide (0.941 g, 93% yield). Reference: Hu, T.-S.; Yu, Q.; Wu, Y.-L.; Wu, Y. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 853–861. A two-step sequence consisting of mesylate formation followed by treatment with LiBr can also be used. This procedure involves two steps, but workup and purification are very straightforward. The bromide can be carried out to the next step without further purification in many cases. To a solution of 5-hydroxymethyl-1-methylcyclopentene (3.8 g, 34 mmol) in CH2 Cl2 (50 mL) at 0 ºC was added triethylamine (5.2 mL, 37 mmol) followed by methanesulfonyl chloride (2.9 mL, 37 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 0 ºC for 5 h and then water was added. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ether. The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give 6.4 g (98%) of (2-methylcyclopent-2- enyl)methyl methanesulfonate, which was used in the next step without further purification. A solution containing the mesylate (6.4 g, 34 mmol) in acetone (70 mL) was treated with lithium bromide (8.89 g, 102 mmol). The mixture was heated at reflux for 6 h, cooled to room temperature, diluted with water, extracted with ether, and the combined ethereal extracts were dried over MgSO4. Removal of the solvent under reduced pressure gave 4.6 g (78%) of 5-bromomethyl-1-methylcyclopentene, which was used in the next step without further purification.

scholarly journals HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF CORDIA OBLIQUA AGAINST PARACETAMOL-INDUCED LIVER TOXICITY ON WISTAR RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
SIVAKRISHNAN SIVAGNANAM ◽  
PRADEEPRAJ DEVARASU
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Percolation Method ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase

Objective: The ethanolic extract of Cordia obliqua (EECO) Willd. leaves was evaluated for hepatoprotective activity in Wistar rats by inducing hepatic damage with paracetamol. Methods: The leaves of C. obliqua were dried under shade, segregated, pulverized by a mechanical grinder and passed through a 40 mesh sieve. The powdered plant materials were stored in an air-tight container. The above-powdered materials were successively extracted with ethanol by hot continuous percolation method in Soxhlet apparatus for 24 h. The extract was concentrated using a rotary evaporator and subjected to freeze drying in a lyophilizer till dry powder was obtained. Results: Treatment with EECO at 200 and 400 mg/kg showed significant decrease in serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin levels and a significant elevation in the total protein, albumin, and globulin levels in serum when compared with paracetamol treated rats. In histological study of liver, the hepatocytes show moderate cytoplasm and moderately enlarged pleomorphic and hyperchromatic nuclei. The portal triads show mild periportal inflammation composed of lymphocytes, and central veins are normal. Conclusion: On the basis of results, we can conclude that the EECO leaves showed potential hepatoprotective activity in rats.

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