scholarly journals Development of haploids in the winter bread wheat anthers

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
N. V. Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Correlation Factor ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Regeneration Rate ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Haploid Production ◽  
Wheat Hybrids

In the modern world, the use of isolated anther cultivation technology is currently an integral part of the wheat breeding process. The development of haploids in the winter bread wheat anthers will allow obtaining new forms of wheat in the shortest possible time and without large areas. The purpose of the current study was to estimate the F3 winter bread wheat hybrids according to the anthers’ sensitivity to androgenesis and plant regeneration in vitro and to identify the factors affecting the yield of haploid production. There has been studied the ability to androgenesis in vitro in the anthers of four winter bread wheat hybrids of intensive and semi-intensive type of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”. There has been assessed the role of the mineral composition of three induction nutrient media N6, W14 and NPB-99. There has been established a correlation between the main stages of development of haploids and a genotype. The highest regeneration rate of green plants was obtained in the sample F3 623 of intensive type (3.3%). The most suitable medium for androgenesis of the winter bread wheat anthers in vitro is NPB-99. Since the genotype F3 623 of intensive type demonstrated high values of haploid production capacity, it could be successfully used in breeding programs for the rapid production of homozygous wheat anther lines in vitro. Using two-way analysis of variance, there has been identified a correlation between the effects of a genotype, nutrient medium and their interaction with the main parameters of haploid formation in winter wheat. The formation of embryogenic structures is mainly associated with the effect of a genotype (46.52%). The proportion of the nutrient composition of the medium was low (1.82%), and the correlation factor was 2.1%. The genotype had the greatest effect on the indicator of the regenerants’ number. The nutrient medium had little effect. Regarding the regeneration of green plants, which is the main indicator of the haploid production, the share of a genotype effect was the largest (47.32%). The contribution of the medium and the correlation of factors were less important, but statistically significant.

scholarly journals The efficiency of androgenesis in vitro in anther culture of soft wheat winter varieties and their different generations hybrids

1970 ◽  
pp. 194-197
Author(s):  
I. S. Zambriborshch ◽  
O. L. Shestopal ◽  
M. S. Boiko ◽  
H. O. Dobrova ◽  
S. V. Ahafonova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Culture In Vitro ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Effective Technology ◽  
Androgenesis In Vitro ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Hybrids

Aim. To estimate the level of in vitro haploproduction androgenic ability of different generations populations (F1, F2) soft winter wheat hybrids of the same combination to maximize the use of biotechnology cereals. Methods. Obtaining of bread wheat double haploid lines by anther culture in vitro. The statistical methods. Results. The influence different generation of wheat hybrids on the processes of induction and regeneration in anther culture of winter bread wheat were studied. The 21 green plants-regenerants were received. Conclusions. The using of anthers of the second generation simple hybrids as donor material for the effective technology creation of doubled haploid of bread winter wheat was shown.Keywords: wheat, anther culture in vitro, callus, regeneration, generation simple hybrids.

scholarly journals Physiological Response of In Vitro Cultured MAGNOLIASP. to Nutrient Medium Composition

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossen S. Sokolov ◽  
Bistra Y. Atanassova ◽  
Elena T. Iakimova
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Regeneration Rate ◽  
Primary Explants ◽  
High Regeneration ◽  
Basal Salts

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the regeneration response of in vitro cultured Magnolia × soulangeana ‘Alexandrina’ and Magnolia liliiflora ‘Nigra’ to nutrient medium composition. In the primary culture (initiated from dormant axillary buds) combinations of Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal salts with 6-benzylaminopurine and α-naphthaleneacetic acid were tested. The primary explants of cv. ‘Alexandrina’ expressed higher regeneration rate than cv. ‘Nigra’. For both species, the regen eration was most strongly potentiated at addition of 0.25 mg dm−3 of the cytokinin alone. The auxin exerted undesir–able effects. Several basal salts media were applied in proliferation stage and their physiological effects were evaluated in reference to traditionally used MS. At culturing on Chée & Pool C2d Vitis Medium (VM) that is for the first time introduced to magnolia and on MS, M. liliiflora formed more but less elongated shoots than M. soulangeana. However, on VM, substantial increase (25-30%) of the number of axillary shoots and leaves, shoot length and fresh and dry weights over MS was established for both species. This suggested VM as promising composition of nutrients in multiplication stage. Microshoots obtained on MS, VM, Rugini Olive Medium and DKW Juglans Medium were successfully rooted in vitro and subsequently established ex vitro. The findings expand the information on magnolia response to culture conditions and contribute to elaboration of innovative elements of protocols for establishing tissue cultures with high regeneration capacity.

Comparative Investigation on Formation and Accumulation of Rare Phenylpropanoids in Plants and in vitro Cultures of Pimpinella major

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 602-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Merkel ◽  
J. Reichling
Keyword(s):  
Callus Culture ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Liquid Nutrient Medium ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Plant Seedlings

Abstract Unorganized callus and leaf/root-differentiating callus cultures of Pimpinella major have been established in liquid nutrient medium. Their capacity to accumulate rare phenylpropanoids such as epoxy-pseudoisoeugenol tiglate, epoxy-anol tiglate and anol tiglate was compared with that of seedlings and whole plants. The unorganized callus cultures were not able to accumulate any phenylpropanoids. In comparison, the leaf/root-differentiating callus culture promoted the accumulation of epoxy-pseudoisoeugenol tiglate (up to 90 mg/100 g fr.wt.) but not that of anol-derivatives. The accumulated amount of EPT in PMD-SH was comparable with that in plant seedlings.

scholarly journals In Vitro Propagation, Huperzine A Content and Antioxidant Activity of Three Genotypic Huperzia serrata

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1112
Author(s):  
Yan Yang ◽  
Liangfang Dai ◽  
Decai Wu ◽  
Limin Dong ◽  
Yisheng Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Huperzine A ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Regeneration Rate ◽  
Huperzia Serrata ◽  
Chromatography Analysis

Huperzia serrata is a traditional herb and endangered Chinese medicinal material, which has attracted much attention due to its production of Huperzine A (HupA). In vitro propagation of H. serrata is considered a new way to relieve the resource pressure of H. serrata. In this study, three different genotypic wild H. serrata were used for in vitro propagation. Then, the antioxidant activity and the content of HupA in the regenerated H. serrata were investigated. The results showed the survival rate of the explant was increased to 25.37% when using multiple sterilization processes. The best induction medium for H. serrata was the Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg·L−1 Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 0.1 mg·L−1 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), where the regeneration rate of the explant was to 57.04%. The best proliferation medium was the SH medium with NAA (1.0 mg·L−1), as the biomass of in vitro tissue increased 164.17 ± 0.41 times. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the in vitro culture of three genotypes could produce HupA and the content of HupA was 53.90–87.17 µg·g−1. The antioxidant experiment showed that the methanol extract of in vitro H. serrata had higher antioxidant activity than that of wild H. serrata. This study provides a reliable in vitro H. serrata culture protocol and laid an important foundation for the antioxidant capacity of the thallus and the content of HupA.

scholarly journals The effect of genotype on in vitro morphogenesis of blue- and purple-grained bread wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 723 (2) ◽  
pp. 022055
Author(s):  
A A Shkurkina ◽  
L P Khlebova ◽  
Yu V Melnikova ◽  
V P Vistovskaya ◽  
S E Mityukhina
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
In Vitro Morphogenesis

A STUDY OF THE INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF CHICK WHOLE EYE EXTRACT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LENS OF THE CHICK EMBRYO IN VITRO

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Reactive System ◽  
Vesicle Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Muscle Extract ◽  
Lens Vesicle ◽  
And Control

To demonstrate the phenomenon of homologous inhibition by clearly interpretable results in a readily reactive system, experiments were carried out to study the effect of chick whole eye extract on the development of the vesicular lens of the chick embryo in vitro. The heads of embryos of 11 through 13 somites were explanted onto nutrient medium diluted with varying amounts of the extract, and cultured for 30 hours. A total of 35 embryos exposed to concentrations of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 (extract to medium) showed complete inhibition of lens vesicle formation. Of a total of 53 embryos on concentrations of 1:8, 1:16, 1:32, and 1:64, more than 50% showed inhibition of vesicle formation. The inhibitory effect disappeared at a concentration of 1:128. Control material exposed to some equivalent concentrations of nutrient medium – saline mixtures showed inhibition of vesicle formation in only 15% of 33 embryos. Of a total of 27 control embryos exposed to ventricular muscle extract, approximately one-third showed inhibition of vesicle formation at concentrations of 1:8 and 1:16, with the inhibitory effect disappearing at 1:32. The implications of this result are discussed. Other factors and control experiments are described and their value is assessed.

scholarly journals The choice of the terms and methods of nitrogen additional fertilizing for winter bread wheat in the southern part of the Rostov region

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
A. A. Sukharev ◽  
G. M. Zelenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Scattering Method ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Productivity Increase ◽  
Control Variant

The current paper has presented the results of three years’ study (2012–2014) of the application of various terms and methods of nitrogen additional fertilizing for the winter bread wheat variety “Stanichnaya”. There has been studied efficiency of various terms and methods of nitrogen additional fertilizing with various forecrops. There has been identified an effect of these additional fertilizing on winter bread wheat productivity according to the forecrops. In the control variant, the productivity of the variety according to the forecrop depended greatly on the forecrops: 5.52 t/ha (weedfree fallow), 5.26 t/ha (peas), 4.29 t/ha (maize for grains) and 3.57 t/ha (winter wheat). There has been identified large productivity in the autumn ammonium nitrate fertilizing by the scattering method (in all variants of the forecrops), the productivity raised on 0.38–0.73 t/ha. The study has shown that the economic effect of the ammonium nitrate fertilizing in the autumn was also at maximum profitability, 76–154%, and the conditional net income was 10 675–22 955 rubles/ha. The efficiency of ammonium nitrate fertilizing by the scattering method in the spring on thawed/frozen soil was lower, the productivity increase ranged from 0.21 t/ha sown after peas to 0.65 t/ha sown after maize. Root additional fertilizing with a seeder gave a positive effect only when the variety was sown after for winter wheat and maize, in that case the productivity increase was 0.52 t/ha and 0.46 t/ha, respectively. The conditional net income in these variants exceeded the control variant on 1574–2123 rubles/ha. Carbamide (urea) additional fertilizing was only effective for the variety sown after maize, where the productivity increase was 0.40 t/ha, but profitability (100%) and conditional net income (16 593 rubles/ha) were lower than with ammonium nitrate fertilizing by the scattering method in the spring (112% and 18 080 rubles/ha respectively).

scholarly journals In vitro assessment of wheat tolerance to drought

Genetika ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislava Galovic ◽  
Zorana Kotaranin ◽  
Srbislav Dencic
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
In Vitro Effects

Analyzed in this paper were the in vitro effects of drought stress in 13 genotypes of winter wheat, one genotype of spring wheat, and three Triticale genotypes of different geographic origin. Callus tissue was induced from immature zygotic embryos (10-15 days after pollination) on a modified MS nutrient medium. After two weeks, callus tissue was transplanted onto the same medium enriched with 5% high-molecular polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000), which was used as the stress agent to produce the effect of drought chemically. A control group of calluses was grown on an identical medium but without PEG. After four weeks of growing calluses on these mediums, we assessed callus mass survival ability of the genotypes before the transplantation as well as percentage reduction of callus fresh weight after the transplantation onto the nutrient medium with 5% PEG. Statistically significant differences were found among the genotypes in their response to the induced stress. The best survival ability before the transplantation was found in the genotype Mexicol20 (83%), while the lowest was recorded in Slavija (11.3%). Culture growing under stress conditions significantly reduced callus fresh weight in all of the genotypes. The lowest decrease of the callus mass relative to control was recorded in Rozofskaja (14.4%) and the highest in Miranovska (58.4%), indicating the genotypes' tolerance levels towards drought stress.

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