The Commemoration of Children in the Funerary Epigraphy of the Conventus Cluniensis (Hispania Citerior)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-299
Author(s):  
Marta Fernández Corral
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
General Analysis ◽  
Emotional Attachment ◽  
Latin Epigraphy ◽  
Funerary Inscriptions

This article examines the funerary inscriptions dedicated to children in the Roman period in the Conventus Cluniensis. The rate of infant mortality was high in this period but only a low percentage of inscriptions were dedicated to children. This underrepresentation of infant mortality has been analyzed from different perspectives, including the emotional attachment of the parents or archaeological funerary remains connected to non-adults. The aim of this article is to contextualize the epitaphs dedicated to children within the general analysis of funerary epigraphy, comparing the representation of children with other social groups and the use of Latin epigraphy in the provinces.

Engraved Lives

2020 ◽  
pp. 476-491
Author(s):  
Christof Schuler ◽  
Florian R. Forster
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
Moral Judgement ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Crucial Element ◽  
Latin Epigraphy ◽  
Funerary Inscriptions ◽  
Roman Antiquity ◽  
Special Language

Inscriptions—permanently incised texts on stone or bronze—are a characteristic feature of Greek and Roman Antiquity. It applies to all periods of ancient epigraphy that by far the most common genres of inscriptions are those directly related to individual persons: funerary inscriptions provide the most substantial single corpus, followed by religious dedications and honorific inscriptions. In their simplest forms, these kinds of texts are almost entirely reduced to a name, the crucial element used to identify a person. To be called biographical, an inscription should contain more substantial information on the various stages of a person’s life that serves to characterize them in greater detail and proposes a moral judgement of their lives. Unlike literary texts, inscriptions as artefacts were generally conceived to communicate condensed information on a restricted space. For this purpose, a special language with a fixed repertoire of standardized formulae was developed, and especially Latin epigraphy also makes heavy use of abbreviations. Only very long texts—that on the grounds of their exceptional importance were inscribed irrespective of their length and the effort required—can come close to biographies but account for only an infinitely small percentage of the extant epigraphic material.

scholarly journals Gaps between UK social groups in infant mortality are widening

BMJ ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 334 (7589) ◽  
pp. 335.5-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Hargreaves
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Social Groups

Festivals and Games

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-176
Author(s):  
Peter Thonemann
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Body Images ◽  
Greek City ◽  
The World ◽  
Greek World

Agonistic culture is remarkably prominent in the Oneirocritica. Athletes and actors are among the most heavily represented classes of dreamers, and people from all different social groups are expected to dream regularly about competing in or attending the great civic and Panhellenic festivals of the Imperial Greek world. This chapter attempts to reconstruct the world of these festivals, and to explain why they are so unexpectedly prominent in the Oneirocritica; it also explores the characteristic anxieties of athletes and their families, the symbolism of the athletic body, images of victory, gladiatorial combat and the theatre-culture of the Greek city in the Roman period.

Infant Mortality and Crisis in Mexico

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Bronfman
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Analytical Strategy ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Mother’S Education ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Social Sectors

Data derived from the Encuesta Nacional de Fecundidad y Salud (ENFES) confirm that overall levels of infant mortality in Mexico have been steadily declining. However, a more specific analysis furnishes evidence that this decline has occurred at varying rates within different social groups, reflecting an increase. in social inequalities. The analytical strategy used in this article leads to three basic conclusions: (1) the impact of the economic crisis on infant mortality is reflected not in a reversal of the declining trend but an increase. in social inequalities; (2) certain variables universally accepted as determinants of infant mortality, such as mother's education, seem nonsignificant for some social sectors; and (3) certain biodemographic characteristics assumed to have a uniform mortality-related behavior vary among sectors, suggesting that even these constants are determined by social factors.

NUTRITION, FERTILITY AND STEADY-STATE POPULATION DYNAMICS IN A PRE-INDUSTRIAL COMMUNITY IN PENRITH, NORTHERN ENGLAND

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSAN SCOTT ◽  
C. J. DUNCAN
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Marked Improvement ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Industrial Community ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Inadequate Nutrition

The effect of nutrition on fertility and its contribution thereby to population dynamics are assessed in three social groups (elite, tradesmen and subsistence) in a marginal, pre-industrial population in northern England. This community was particularly susceptible to fluctuations in the price of grains, which formed their basic foodstuff. The subsistence class, who formed the largest part of the population, had low levels of fertility and small family sizes, but women from all social groups had a characteristic and marked subfecundity in the early part of their reproductive lives. The health and nutrition of the mother during pregnancy was the most important factor in determining fertility and neonatal mortality. Inadequate nutrition had many subtle effects on reproduction which interacted to produce a complex web of events. A population boom occurred during the second half of the 18th century; fertility did not change but there was a marked improvement in infant mortality and it is suggested that the steadily improving nutritional standards of the population, particularly during crucial periods in pregnancy (i.e. the last trimester), probably made the biggest contribution to the improvement in infant mortality and so was probably the major factor in triggering the boom.

Contemporary "Structures" of Racism

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-76
Author(s):  
Justin I. Fugo
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Social World ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
General Analysis ◽  
Racial Oppression ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
Racial Injustice

This paper develops an account of racism as rooted in social structural processes. Using Sartre, I attempt to give a general analysis of what I refer to as the “structures” of our social world, namely the practico-inert, serial collectives, and social groups. I then apply this analysis to expose and elucidate “racist structures,” specifically those that are oftentimes assumed to be ‘race neutral’. By highlighting structures of racial oppression and domination, I aim to justify: 1) the imperative of creating conditions free from oppression and domination, over the adherence to ‘ideal’ principles which perpetuate racial injustice; 2) the shared responsibility we have collectively to resist and transform social structural processes that continue to produce racial injustice.

The Population of the Piraeus in the Roman Period: A Re-Assessment of the Evidence of Funerary Inscriptions

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIMITRIS GRIGOROPOULOS
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Roman Army ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Fourth Century Bce ◽  
Funerary Inscriptions ◽  
Augustan Age ◽  
The Town

In 87–86 BCE, the Roman army under L. Cornelius Sulla invaded Attica and, after a long siege, sacked Athens and the Piraeus. In both ancient and modern eyes, Sulla's sack has been seen as a key event, which marked not only the end of Athenian independence but also the beginning of an irreversible decline for its port, the Piraeus, in antiquity. Ancient literary testimonies in the decades following the Sullan sack portray the Piraeus as an urban wasteland, crammed with ruins but devoid of life. Strabo, writing in the Augustan age, notes that the town of his time endured, but had shrunk between the two harbours (the Kantharos and Zea); Pausanias, writing later in the second century CE, mentions a number of monuments but pays more attention to the old, ‘Classical’, town than to the contemporary ‘Roman’ Piraeus. Rescue excavations in the last few decades have provided corroboration for Strabo's remark. Building remains dating to the Classical period (mainly the fourth century BCE) extend over a larger area than those of Roman date, which tend to concentrate on the isthmus between the Kantharos and Zea harbours. Nevertheless, more recent finds and a reconsideration of the available archaeological evidence has shown that settlement clustering around the main harbour did not result from the destruction of the port by Sulla but had started in Hellenistic times and was intensified in the Roman period.

METAL PRODUCTION IN LATE ANTIQUITY: FROM CONTINUITY OF KNOWLEDGE TO CHANGES IN CONSUMPTION

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Giannichedda
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Metal Production ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Lasting Impression

The study of metal production in Late Antiquity falls between the Early Roman period and the Early Middle Ages—both of which left a more lasting impression. Late Antiquity marks an ambiguous boundary, or rather a period of transition in which significant continuity of knowledge of ancient techniques can be found, although sometimes translated into new forms, as a result of: a crisis in extraction activities of the central government; of contacts between peoples who brought with them different traditional techniques; and of changes in use, whether utilitarian or not. To examine these phenomena, three methods can be applied: firstly, one can differentiate products through their technical details; secondly, one can quantify production, and thus the metal that was actually available to the different social groups; thirdly, one can undertake archaeometallurgical research on sites of particular interest.

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