scholarly journals Yohanes Calvin: Politik, Jabatan Gerejawi, dan Relevansinya bagi Gereja Masa Kini

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Mery Kolimon
Keyword(s):  
Church And State ◽  
John Calvin ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
Protestant Church ◽  
The People ◽  
God's People ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

Recalling the Reformation movement of five hundred years ago provides us, the Churches throughout the world, with an opportunity to undertake a critical reflection on the meaning of the Reformation for us. In the Indonesian context, in particular relating to the relationship between Church and State, and the function of the Church in politics, we can learn from the legacy of John Calvin. This Reformation figure underlined the importance of separating the function of Church officials from that of State officials. Church pastors/ shepherds are responsible for taking care of the spiritual needs and the education of God’s people so that they can participate in politics as a faith responsibility. This is a duty that needs to be carried out with full commitment. Meanwhile the government and politicians work for the wellbeing of the people in the civic and governance spheres. Church and State have their own particular spheres of operation that should never be confused. <b>Keywords:</b> John Calvin, the reforms, ecclesiastical office, a Protestant church, politics, Indonesia ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Memperingati lima ratus tahun gerakan Reformasi memberikan kepada kita, Gereja-gereja di seluruh dunia, kesempatan untuk melakukan refleksi kritis atas makna Reformasi bagi kita. Dalam konteks Indonesia, khususnya berkaitan dengan hubungan antara Gereja dan Negara, dan fungsi Gereja dalam politik, kita bisa belajar dari warisan Yohanes Calvin. Reformasi ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya pemisahan fungsi jabatan Gereja dari jabatan Negara. Para gembala bertanggung jawab mengurusi kebutuhan spiritual dan pendidikan umat Allah sehingga mereka dapat berpartisipasi dalam politik sebagai tanggung jawab iman. Ini adalah tugas yang perlu dilakukan dengan komitmen penuh. Sementara itu, pemerintah dan politisi bekerja untuk kesejahteraan rakyat di bidang sipil dan pemerintahan. Gereja dan Negara masing-masing memiliki bidang khusus yang tidak boleh saling berebutan satu sama lain. <b>Kata-kata kunci:</b> Yohanes Calvin, reformasi, jabatan gerejawi, gereja Protestan, politik, Indonesia

Crown, Mitre and People in the Nineteenth Century

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Church And State ◽  
The State ◽  
First Century ◽  
Ecclesiastical Law ◽  
The People ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

Throughout the nineteenth century the relationship between the State and the Established Church of England engaged Parliament, the Church, the courts and – to an increasing degree – the people. During this period, the spectre of Disestablishment periodically loomed over these debates, in the cause – as Trollope put it – of 'the renewal of inquiry as to the connection which exists between the Crown and the Mitre'. As our own twenty-first century gathers pace, Disestablishment has still not materialised: though a very different kind of dynamic between Church and State has anyway come into being in England. Professor Evans here tells the stories of the controversies which have made such change possible – including the revival of Convocation, the Church's own parliament – as well as the many memorable characters involved. The author's lively narrative includes much valuable material about key areas of ecclesiastical law that is of relevance to the future Church of England.

Ding Guangxun: Maintaining the Church

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloë Starr
Keyword(s):  
Church And State ◽  
Church Leader ◽  
Protestant Church ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Theological Thought ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Intense Debate

Ding Guangxun (K. H. Ting, 1915–2012) was heralded during his lifetime as the premier church statesman of the PRC era, a figure whose leadership of the authorized Protestant church and its national seminary spanned five decades and whose theological thought guided the church through much of that period. Ding’s theology is highly pragmatic in orientation, and his effect as a church leader was as important as his effect as a theologian. This chapter concentrates on the early writings of Ding Guangxun, from the 1940s and 1950s, to create a base understanding of his theological position in the first years of his ministry as comparator for later developments. The period encompassed intense debate on the relationship of church and state and includes Ding’s difficult debates with the staunchly separatist church leader Wang Mingdao—debate that precipitated the split of the Chinese Protestant church and whose ramifications are still ever-present.

4. Early modern sainthood

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Yarrow
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Intellectual Creativity

‘Early modern sainthood’ describes the impact of the 16th-century Reformation on the image of the Christian saint. The Reformation, triggered by Augustinian friar Martin Luther, was a struggle for the highest stakes between fierce adversaries over the relationship between church and state, the authority and mission of the Church, the fundamental doctrines of the Christian faith, and the conscience of every soul in Christendom. It spurred immense intellectual creativity, fuelled iconoclasm and bitter polemic, and brought protracted war and martyrdom. It ultimately divided Europe into the Catholic states of southern Europe and those states of northern Europe whose princes embraced various kinds of Protestantism.

scholarly journals Augustinus: ’n Studie oor die etiek van die kerkvader uit Afrika deur J.H. van Wyk

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignatius W.C. Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Animal Ethics ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Political Ethics ◽  
Ethics Support ◽  
Church Father ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

In this review article, the book by J.H. (Amie) van Wyk, Augustine: A study on the ethics of the church father from Africa is presented and discussed. Short overviews of the content of the six chapters are given. They are: (1) Introduction – the necessity for a book on Augustine’s ethics in Afrikaans, (2) Orientation – an overview of his life and works, (3) Grounding – the relationship between dogmatics and ethics, (4) Typology – the character of his ethics, (5) Themes – marriage and sexual ethics, political ethics and animal ethics, (6) Findings – evaluation of Augustine’s ethics. Support is given to the argument that Augustine is an important forerunner to the Reformation. Information is provided on Augustine and the early years of the Reformation in Wittenberg. Critical remarks are made about the author’s understanding of the relationship between faith and works, dogmatics and ethics. The Lutheran understanding of this topic is presented as an important alternative to the Reformed version that is defended in this book. Finally, attention is given to Augustine’s ‘theory of the two cities’. Also in this regard advice is given from one of Luther’s publication. His exposition of Mary’s Song (‘Magnificat’) in Luke 1:46–55 is used as an example of how a witness to the government could look like.

Non-Conformist Conscience? Individual Conscience and the Authority of the Church from John Calvin to the Present

Ecclesiology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-52
Author(s):  
John P. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
John Calvin ◽  
Freedom Of Conscience ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Political Realm

This article traces the continuities and discontinuities in the idea of individual conscience and its relationship to ecclesial authority from the Reformation period to the present day. It does this with particular reference to the Reformed theological tradition, particularly the British non-conformist traditions that today form the United Reformed Church. Through an engagement with John Calvin, William Ames, confessional texts and later thinkers, key shifts in the understanding of conscience, from being informed by revelation within the context of the Church, to the more contemporary individual subjective model are explored. An account of the place of conscience within the union negotiations that brought the URC into existence is offered based on archival material. It is argued that the shift of understandings of freedom of conscience to the secular political realm, opens up a specifically ecclesiological space in which the relationship between individual conscience and ecclesial authority has been, and can be, reconceived.

“For the Glory of Romanians”: Orthodoxy and Nationalism in Greater Romania, 1918–1945*

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucian N. Leustean
Keyword(s):  
Church And State ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Political Field ◽  
Nationalist Discourse ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The People ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Church

The relationship between Orthodox Christianity and national identity has been one of the most contended issues in modern nationalism. The dominant religion in the Balkans, Orthodoxy has transported the identity of ethnic groups into the modern era and political leaders have employed religious institutions according to their own political agendas in the construction of “imagined communities.” Orthodoxy has a particular perception of the political field. Based on the concept of symphonia, which dates back to the Byzantine Empire, the Church claims that religious and political offices are equal and have similar responsibilities. Religious and political rulers have the mission to guide the people and the Church and state should collaborate harmoniously in fostering identity. Political leaders refer to the nationalist discourse of the Church in order to induce national cohesion. From this perspective, the relationship between religion and the construction of the nation in the Orthodox space differs from that in the Catholic or Protestant world where Churches are supranational or sub-national institutions.

A Reformation Dilemma: John Foxe and the Problem of Discipline

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catharine Davies ◽  
Jane Facey
Keyword(s):  
Church And State ◽  
Psychological Climate ◽  
John Foxe ◽  
Breathing Space ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

John Foxe's De censura, sive excommunicatione ecclesiastica, rectoque eius usu, published in 1551, was the earliest tract to be written by an English Protestant on the subject of ecclesiastical discipline and, as such, deserves a closer examination than it has received to date. Given that continental Protestants and, later on, Puritan apologists alike accepted as axiomatic that the Reformation could only be established on the twin pillars of pure doctrine and right discipline, the appearance at this time, amid a stream of doctrinal polemic, of a tract on discipline, was significant. It indicated that Protestants had become confident enough, after waging war on the claims of the Church of Rome, to regulate the lives of its members, to assert similar claims in the name of Scripture and reformed ‘true religion’. That this tract should appear in Edward VI's reign, and not earlier, was important in this respect, for the effect of the Henrician Reformation had been to render impossible any suggestion that the Church should or could be autonomous in discipline. The psychological climate - as well as the theoretical framework - of the Supremacy persisted throughout Edward's reign, but the fact that the king was a minor gave Protestants a breathing space in which to approach the problem of trying to bring the Church into line with pure, apostolic models. In terms of quantity of published material, doctrine, rather than discipline, was undoubtedly much the more important of the issues discussed; by dealing with discipline a Protestant writer was grasping the nettle, for the subject raised questions about the relative roles of Church and State in the reformation of society and, ultimately, about the structure of the national Church. Foxe's tract was the first attempt to face the question of discipline; that it was the only one, even in Edward vi's reign, showed what a hold the Supremacy had taken. The aim of this article, therefore, is to bring out the significance of Foxe ‘s tract and to explore some of the tensions in mid-Tudor Protestant thought which it reflects. The first part (by Catharine Davies) aims to set it more precisely in its Edwardian context; the second (by Jane Facey) uses it to illuminate the changed emphasis of Foxe's thought on the relationship of Church and State required by the writing of the Acts and Monuments.

The Nizhny Novgorod Diocese During the Campaign for Aseizure of Churches’ Values in 1921-1922

2019 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
A. A. Gorina
Keyword(s):  
Church And State ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Lay Members ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

This paper as illustrated by Nizhny Novgorod province in the first half of the twenties of the XX century presents one of the most tragic pages of the relationship between church and state. The purpose of the Soviet government, which declared the creation of the first-ever atheistic state, was a complete elimination of church and religion as cultural, social and world outlook phenomenon. Hunger in 1921-1922 was an initial stage and constituted a ground for all further hardline policy of the Soviet state in its stance toward a church. In consequence of which a huge number of different objects of our Motherland’s historical and cultural heritage were done away with, also during repressions, a large number of believers and priests died. Many years in the Soviet historiography, there was a dominant statement that the Russian Orthodox Church opposed transferring the church values, which was intended for the relief aid. All actions of the church and appeals of the Patriarch Tikhon were subjected to obfuscation. A wide variety of sources, which earlier were strictly confidential, and nowadays they become available for researchers, allow objectively analyzing the charity of Russian Orthodox Church for the relief aid in 1921-1922. On the basis of regional archive documents, which contain statistical data, clergies and lay members records of meetings. The article provides more insight on through the campaign for a seizure of churches’ values in the Nizhny Novgorod province, also outlines the quantity of the seizure values: how many from them went for the relief aid. The clergies and lay members’ records of meetings of the Nizhny Novgorod province make it clear that their desire for relief aid was the optional choice. Printed copies have allowed to establish specific aspects of the campaign for a seizure of a church property, to fully consider the process of transition from the donation of values for the relief aid before the forced seizure of churches’ values in the region, and also to determine a problem of the collaboration of the government and the Nizhny Novgorod Diocese.

scholarly journals Teokrasie: beskouings oor Calvyn en die Nederlandse Geloofsbelydenis, art. 36 – ’n bydrae tot ’n noodsaaklike gesprek

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Coertzen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
John Calvin ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
Historical View ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Relationship

Theocracy: views on Calvin and the Confessio Belgica, art. 36 – a contribution to an important debate John Calvin is often seen as a supporter of theocracy and the Dutch Confession of Faith (Confessio Belgica) art. 36 as a theocratic confession. This article looks at the views of various authors on this matter and comes to the conclusion that Calvin was not a supporter of a theocracy and the Dutch Confession, art. 36 is not a theocratic confession either. The question is then asked where the views of Calvin, the Dutch Confession and various countries (inter alia Switzerland, and the Nether-lands) at the time of the Reformation on the relationship be-tween church and state came from. As an answer to this ques-tion the argument is put that, in reaction to the theocracy of the Roman Catholic Church (as can been found in the Corpus Iuris Canonici), it was a returned the historical view on church and state that had been current since the time of Constantine. These views were also applied in South Africa from 1652-1994. An attempt is also made to show what was new in Calvin’s views on church and state.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF CHURCH IN STATE AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS DURING THE KIBAKI ERA, 2002-2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Makokha Vincent Kinas
Keyword(s):  
Church And State ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Church

Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to determine the role of church in state and public affairs during the Kibaki Era, 2002-2013Methodology: The methodology employed in this study was qualitative in nature. The study relied mainly on the analysis of an existing dataset from secondary sources. The data was gathered from technical reports, scholarly journals, reference books, past sermons, church publications, official and unofficial doctrine, theologies and from the Kenya National Archives in Nairobi. Other sources of data collection for the study included official statistics collected by government and the various agencies, bureaus and departments.  The target population for this study was the mainland churches in Kenya and the role these churches played in state and public affairs in Kenya between 2002 and 2007.Results: The Kibaki era has been characterized by many an events that have attracted by far and wide the attention of the clergy. In 2005, the most significant development of the 2005 constitutional referendum is not the defeat of the draft, but the emergence of strains and tensions not just between Christians and Muslims, but also between church and state. Another significant development was the fact that the mainline clergy were increasingly viewed as partisan and divided along ethnic lines and serving narrow political interest depending on the ethnic group to which its leaders belonged. The prophetic role and voice of the church to act as the conscience of society was lost, and the church did nothing to evaluate its own role even after the people voted to soundly reject the draft constitution.Unique contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommended that the government should put in place laws that would involve the church in government matters. This can be done by introducing motions into parliament that advocate for the direct involvement of the church. This would involve laws which ensure that a portion of all members sitting in any committee represents the church. This can also be done by the introduction of electoral posts for church representatives just as there are positions for women representatives.  The study also recommends that amendments be made to the constitution to make a legal requirement that one of the nominated MPs must be from the church.

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