Three-Dimensional Data Storage in the Subsurface Region and Fast Read-Out Technologies for Determining the Mechanical Load History of Components

The presented approach evaluates the application of the surface integrity of machined components as load sensors. Residual stress relaxation due to mechanical load is utilized to retrieve information on the load history of a component. The critical load stress, the sensitivity and the relaxation gradient are quantified and analyzed for AISI 1060 steel. More specifically, the influence of heat treatment and therefore of the materials ultimate strength has been evaluated. The results show that the knowledge on the error determining the residual stress is crucial for the accuracy of the approach. Furthermore, a sufficient relaxation gradient has to be provided by low residual stress sensitivity and high initial residual stress magnitude. Both properties can be influenced by heat treatment and machining.

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Osteocyte size, shape, orientation, and population density

Osteologie/Osteology ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1619004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (02) ◽

pp. 92-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. J. Weaver ◽

M. S. Doutré ◽

J. G. Skedros

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Load History ◽

Osteocyte Lacunae ◽

Cell Matrix ◽

Matrix Interactions ◽

History Of ◽

Cell Processes ◽

Animal Mass ◽

Cell Matrix Interactions

SummaryDespite being encased in lacunae, osteocytes are extensively interconnected and have several mechanisms that enable them to physically and chemically appraise their environment and adjust to it. In the perspective that cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions mediate these functions and are critically important during the formation of a mechanically competent bone organ, we focus on several considerations: (1) osteocyte lacunae are not always occupied by living cells and the percent lacuna vacancy can increase with aging, some diseases, and experimental perturbations, (2) the potential for the population density and/or sizes and shapes of osteocytes (or of their lacunae) and of their cell processes (typically seen as the canaliculi in which they reside) in helping investigators interpret the load history of a bone or bone region, and (3) scaling relationships between osteocyte density and various parameters, including animal mass and metabolism. We also point out that all of these considerations are being impacted by high-resolution three-dimensional imaging technologies that allow increased accuracy when quantifying details of lacunar-canalicular geometries.

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Sea Urchins and Circuses: The Modernist Natural Histories of Jean Painlevé and Alexander Calder

Modernist Cultures ◽

10.3366/mod.2018.0205 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 187-211

Author(s):

Patricia E. Chu

Keyword(s):

New Media ◽

Sea Urchins ◽

Life Sciences ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Machine Age ◽

Avant Garde ◽

History Of ◽

And Performance ◽

The One ◽

Natural Historian

The Paris avant-garde milieu from which both Cirque Calder/Calder's Circus and Painlevé’s early films emerged was a cultural intersection of art and the twentieth-century life sciences. In turning to the style of current scientific journals, the Paris surrealists can be understood as engaging the (life) sciences not simply as a provider of normative categories of materiality to be dismissed, but as a companion in apprehending the “reality” of a world beneath the surface just as real as the one visible to the naked eye. I will focus in this essay on two modernist practices in new media in the context of the history of the life sciences: Jean Painlevé’s (1902–1989) science films and Alexander Calder's (1898–1976) work in three-dimensional moving art and performance—the Circus. In analyzing Painlevé’s work, I discuss it as exemplary of a moment when life sciences and avant-garde technical methods and philosophies created each other rather than being classified as separate categories of epistemological work. In moving from Painlevé’s films to Alexander Calder's Circus, Painlevé’s cinematography remains at the forefront; I use his film of one of Calder's performances of the Circus, a collaboration the men had taken two decades to complete. Painlevé’s depiction allows us to see the elements of Calder's work that mark it as akin to Painlevé’s own interest in a modern experimental organicism as central to the so-called machine-age. Calder's work can be understood as similarly developing an avant-garde practice along the line between the bestiary of the natural historian and the bestiary of the modern life scientist.

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Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging-aided Diagnosis of Primary Essential Cutis Verticis Gyrata: A Case Report with 5-year Follow-up and Review of the Literature

Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573405614666181005113448 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 906-910

Author(s):

Hongzhang Zhu ◽

Shi-Ting Feng ◽

Xingqi Zhang ◽

Zunfu Ke ◽

Ruixi Zeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Stable Condition ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Mri Findings ◽

Cutis Verticis Gyrata ◽

Essential Form ◽

History Of ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: Cutis Verticis Gyrata (CVG) is a rare skin disease caused by overgrowth of the scalp, presenting as cerebriform folds and wrinkles. CVG can be classified into two forms: primary (essential and non-essential) and secondary. The primary non-essential form is often associated with neurological and ophthalmological abnormalities, while the primary essential form occurs without associated comorbidities. Discussion: We report on a rare case of primary essential CVG with a 4-year history of normal-colored scalp skin mass in the parietal-occipital region without symptom in a 34-year-old male patient, retrospectively summarizing his pathological and Computer Tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. The major clinical observations on the CT and MR sectional images include a thickened dermis and excessive growth of the scalp, forming the characteristic scalp folds. With the help of CT and MRI Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques, the characteristic skin changes could be displayed intuitively, providing more evidence for a diagnosis of CVG. At the 5-year followup, there were no obvious changes in the lesion. Conclusion: Based on our observations, we propose that not all patients with primary essential CVG need surgical intervention, and continuous clinical observation should be an appropriate therapy for those in stable condition.

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Sirenomelia: two case reports

Journal of Medical Case Reports ◽

10.1186/s13256-021-02699-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Asiyeh Shojaee ◽

Firooze Ronnasian ◽

Mahdiyeh Behnam ◽

Mansoor Salehi

Keyword(s):

Case Reports ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

First Trimester ◽

Mendelian Inheritance ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Congenital Deformity ◽

White Family ◽

Her Family ◽

Caudal Regression ◽

History Of

AbstractBackgroundSirenomelia, also called mermaid syndrome, is a rare lethal multi-system congenital deformity with an incidence of one in 60,000–70,000 pregnancies. Sirenomelia is mainly characterized by the fusion of lower limbs and is widely associated with severe urogenital and gastrointestinal malformations. The presence of a single umbilical artery derived from the vitelline artery is the main anatomical feature distinguishing sirenomelia from caudal regression syndrome. First-trimester diagnosis of this disorder and induced abortion may be the safest medical option. In this report, two cases of sirenomelia that occurred in an white family will be discussed.Case presentationWe report two white cases of sirenomelia occurring in a 31-year-old multigravid pregnant woman. In the first pregnancy (18 weeks of gestation) abortion was performed, but in the third pregnancy (32 weeks) the stillborn baby was delivered by spontaneous vaginal birth. In the second and fourth pregnancies, however, she gave birth to normal babies. Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging showed fusion of the lower limbs. Neither she nor any member of her family had a history of diabetes. In terms of other risk factors, she had no history of exposure to teratogenic agents during her pregnancy. Also, her marriage was non-consanguineous.ConclusionThis report suggests the existence of a genetic background in this mother with a Mendelian inheritance pattern of 50% second-generation incidence in her offspring.

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The ICON Single-Column Mode

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12070906 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 906

Author(s):

Ivan Bašták Ďurán ◽

Martin Köhler ◽

Astrid Eichhorn-Müller ◽

Vera Maurer ◽

Juerg Schmidli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Storage ◽

Model Development ◽

Computational Cost ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Shallow Convection ◽

Modeling Framework ◽

Additional Tool ◽

Eddy Simulation ◽

Single Column ◽

Stratocumulus Clouds

The single-column mode (SCM) of the ICON (ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic) modeling framework is presented. The primary purpose of the ICON SCM is to use it as a tool for research, model evaluation and development. Thanks to the simplified geometry of the ICON SCM, various aspects of the ICON model, in particular the model physics, can be studied in a well-controlled environment. Additionally, the ICON SCM has a reduced computational cost and a low data storage demand. The ICON SCM can be utilized for idealized cases—several well-established cases are already included—or for semi-realistic cases based on analyses or model forecasts. As the case setup is defined by a single NetCDF file, new cases can be prepared easily by the modification of this file. We demonstrate the usage of the ICON SCM for different idealized cases such as shallow convection, stratocumulus clouds, and radiative transfer. Additionally, the ICON SCM is tested for a semi-realistic case together with an equivalent three-dimensional setup and the large eddy simulation mode of ICON. Such consistent comparisons across the hierarchy of ICON configurations are very helpful for model development. The ICON SCM will be implemented into the operational ICON model and will serve as an additional tool for advancing the development of the ICON model.

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Galaxy and mass assembly (GAMA): the inferred mass–metallicity relation from z = 0 to 3.5 via forensic SED fitting

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ◽

10.1093/mnras/stab550 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 503 (3) ◽

pp. 3309-3325

Author(s):

Sabine Bellstedt ◽

Aaron S G Robotham ◽

Simon P Driver ◽

Jessica E Thorne ◽

Luke J M Davies ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Star Formation ◽

Gas Phase ◽

Large Range ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cosmic Time ◽

Slowing Down ◽

History Of ◽

Mass Assembly ◽

Star Formation Histories ◽

Cosmic History

ABSTRACT We analyse the metallicity histories of ∼4500 galaxies from the GAMA survey at z < 0.06 modelled by the SED-fitting code ProSpect using an evolving metallicity implementation. These metallicity histories, in combination with the associated star formation histories, allow us to analyse the inferred gas-phase mass–metallicity relation. Furthermore, we extract the mass–metallicity relation at a sequence of epochs in cosmic history, to track the evolving mass–metallicity relation with time. Through comparison with observations of gas-phase metallicity over a large range of redshifts, we show that, remarkably, our forensic SED analysis has produced an evolving mass–metallicity relationship that is consistent with observations at all epochs. We additionally analyse the three-dimensional mass–metallicity–SFR space, showing that galaxies occupy a clearly defined plane. This plane is shown to be subtly evolving, displaying an increased tilt with time caused by general enrichment, and also the slowing down of star formation with cosmic time. This evolution is most apparent at lookback times greater than 7 Gyr. The trends in metallicity recovered in this work highlight that the evolving metallicity implementation used within the SED-fitting code ProSpect produces reasonable metallicity results over the history of a galaxy. This is expected to provide a significant improvement to the accuracy of the SED-fitting outputs.

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A Variance Gamma model for Rugby Union matches

Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports ◽

10.1515/jqas-2019-0088 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 67-75

Author(s):

John Fry ◽

Oliver Smart ◽

Jean-Philippe Serbera ◽

Bernhard Klar

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Rugby Union ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Gamma Model ◽

Variance Gamma ◽

Poisson Models ◽

History Of ◽

Bonus Points ◽

Variance Gamma Model ◽

Special Case

Abstract Amid much recent interest we discuss a Variance Gamma model for Rugby Union matches (applications to other sports are possible). Our model emerges as a special case of the recently introduced Gamma Difference distribution though there is a rich history of applied work using the Variance Gamma distribution – particularly in finance. Restricting to this special case adds analytical tractability and computational ease. Our three-dimensional model extends classical two-dimensional Poisson models for soccer. Analytical results are obtained for match outcomes, total score and the awarding of bonus points. Model calibration is demonstrated using historical results, bookmakers’ data and tournament simulations.

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A Three-Dimensional Finite Difference Solution for the Thermal Stresses in Railcar Wheels

Journal of Engineering for Industry ◽

10.1115/1.3591732 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 91 (3) ◽

pp. 891-896 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G. E. Novak ◽

B. J. Eck

Keyword(s):

Computer Program ◽

Thermal Stresses ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Transient Temperature ◽

Shear Stresses ◽

Radial Temperature ◽

Closed Form Solutions ◽

Brake Application ◽

History Of ◽

Thin Disks

A numerical solution is presented for both the transient temperature and three-dimensional stress distribution in a railcar wheel resulting from a simulated emergency brake application. A computer program has been written for generating thermoelastic solutions applicable to wheels of arbitrary contour with temperature variations in both axial and radial directions. The results include the effect of shear stresses caused by the axial-radial temperature gradients and the high degree of boundary irregularity associated with this type of problem. The program has been validated by computing thermoelastic solutions for thin disks and long cylinders; the computed values being in good agreement with the closed form solutions. Currently, the computer program is being extended to general stress solutions corresponding to the transient temperature distributions obtained by simulated drag brake applications. When this work is completed, it will be possible to synthesize the thermal history of a railcar wheel and investigate the effects of wheel geometry in relation to thermal fatigue.

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Automatic Detection Technology of Sonar Image Target Based on the Three-Dimensional Imaging

Journal of Sensors ◽

10.1155/2017/8231314 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wanzeng Kong ◽

Jinshuai Yu ◽

Ying Cheng ◽

Weihua Cong ◽

Huanhuan Xue

Keyword(s):

Data Storage ◽

3D Imaging ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Automatic Detection ◽

Classification Model ◽

Image Detection ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Sonar Image ◽

Detection Technology

With 3D imaging of the multisonar beam and serious interference of image noise, detecting objects based only on manual operation is inefficient and also not conducive to data storage and maintenance. In this paper, a set of sonar image automatic detection technologies based on 3D imaging is developed to satisfy the actual requirements in sonar image detection. Firstly, preprocessing was conducted to alleviate the noise and then the approximate position of object was obtained by calculating the signal-to-noise ratio of each target. Secondly, the separation of water bodies and strata is realized by maximum variance between clusters (OTSU) since there exist obvious differences between these two areas. Thus image segmentation can be easily implemented on both. Finally, the feature extraction is carried out, and the multidimensional Bayesian classification model is established to do classification. Experimental results show that the sonar-image-detection technology can effectively detect the target and meet the requirements of practical applications.

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