Psychological peculiarities of sport activity motivation in judo athletes

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Roman Vlodimirovich Mykhailov
Keyword(s):  
Causal Explanation ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Compliant Behavior ◽  
Instrumental Values ◽  
Judo Athletes ◽  
Independent Decision ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Way

The article analyzes the specific features of motivation of sport activity as a certain type of labor activity and studies the peculiarities of psychological factors that influence the type of motivation, the level of its manifestation and the duration of its preservation. The basic features of the judoist athlete's personality motivation, in particular the motivation for success and fear of failure, communicative and organizational inclinations, locus of control, internalizing, directivity, indicators of terminal and instrumental values are considered. Experimental work allowed to reveal connection of various forms of behavior and personality parameters with externality-internality. Conformal and compliant behavior is more peculiar to judoists with an externalistic locus. Internals, in contrast to externals, are less likely to submit to pressure from others, to resist when they feel manipulated, and they react more strongly than externals to the loss of personal freedom. Athletes from internalizing loci of control perform better at the independent level than they do under supervision or videotaping. The opposite is true for externals. Internals and externals differ in the way they interpret various social situations, particularly in the way they receive information and in their causal explanation mechanisms. Internals are more active in seeking information and are usually more aware of the situation than externals. Internals attribute more responsibility to the individuals involved in the same situation. Internals are more likely to avoid situational explanations of behavior than externals. According to the results of the study, the motives that determine attitudes toward actual circumstances are of the greatest interest. Almost all athletes are dissatisfied with the level of material provision, solution of domestic issues. Among the measures to increase the level of sports motivation the majority names the proper use of means of material and moral encouragement, improving the organization of work, the possibility of discussion and independent decision-making on their use.

Diligent Notes on Laziness: Oblomov, Lenin and the Capitalization of Laziness

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-258
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Work Analysis ◽  
Main Obstacle ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Russian Linguistic ◽  
The Way

The essay investigates the phenomenon of laziness by first analyzing the opposition between laziness and the good. Both utility and the good make reference to labor. This opposition between labor and laziness is pivotal in Oblomov, Ivan Goncharov’s famous novel written in 1859. It marks a radical transition from a feudal paradigm to a capitalistic one. The two main characters in the novel are Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, a Russian, and Andrey Ivanovich Stolz, a German, who together seem to personify the contradiction between laziness and labor. But the purpose of the essay is to deconstruct that opposition. In this connection, one can cite Kazimir Malevich, who maintained that laziness is the Mother of Perfection and is always unconsciously inherent in the conscious intent to work. Analysis of the Latin concepts of otium and negotium indicates that the laziness/labor opposition may be deconstructed as a dialectic between labor and its opposite. In other words, laziness does not stand in contradiction to labor but is instead its inseparable dialectical other. In the last part of the essay, the article considers the thinking of Anatoly Peregud, a poet who spent almost all his life in a psychiatric hospital. According to Peregud, Lenin derived his pseudonym from the Russian linguistic root “len” (laziness) in order to make laziness central to communism. For his part, Lenin saw Oblomov as an emblem of the main obstacle standing in the way of communism.

Genetics, Parenting, and Moral Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 106-128
Author(s):  
Dana Vertsberger ◽  
Salomon Israel ◽  
Ariel Knafo-Noam
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Dopaminergic System ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Parental Influences ◽  
Serotonergic System ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
The Way

This chapter reviews findings regarding genetic and parental influences on moral development, and is organized according to three morally relevant components: cognitive, affective, and behavioral. The cognitive component refers to the conceptualization of right and wrong, and specifically moral reasoning and values. The affective component refers to feelings related to reactions to social situations and evaluations of chosen actions, focusing on emotions such as empathy, guilt, and pride. The behavioral component refers to the way individuals choose to behave, and specifically to prosocial behavior. We review relevant quantitative and molecular genetic designs, and particularly four neurobiological systems: the dopaminergic system, the oxytocinergic and vasopressinergic systems, and the serotonergic system, which have been found to be associated with moral development. In addition, we review parents’ influences on moral development, in the context of gene-environment interactions and correlations.

scholarly journals Philosophy as Synchronic History

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
DANIEL STOLJAR
Keyword(s):  
Causal Explanation ◽  
David Lewis ◽  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Bernard Williams ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Philosophical Progress ◽  
The Way

Abstract Bernard Williams argues that philosophy is in some deep way akin to history. This article is a novel exploration and defense of the Williams thesis (as I call it)—though in a way anathema to Williams himself. The key idea is to apply a central moral from what is sometimes called the analytic philosophy of history of the 1960s to the philosophy of philosophy of today, namely, the separation of explanation and laws. I suggest that an account of causal explanation offered by David Lewis may be modified to bring out the way in which this moral applies to philosophy, and so to defend the Williams thesis. I discuss in detail the consequences of the thesis for the issue of philosophical progress and note also several further implications: for the larger context of contemporary metaphilosophy, for the relation of philosophy to other subjects, and for explaining, or explaining away, the belief that success in philosophy requires a field-specific ability or brilliance.

scholarly journals Frege’s puzzle and the ex ante Pareto principle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mahtani
Keyword(s):  
Policy Choice ◽  
Choice Situation ◽  
Pareto Principle ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Rational Behaviour ◽  
Fixed Population

Abstract The ex ante Pareto principle has an intuitive pull, and it has been a principle of central importance since Harsanyi’s defence of utilitarianism (to be found in e.g. Harsanyi, Rational behaviour and bargaining equilibrium in games and social situations. CUP, Cambridge, 1977). The principle has been used to criticize and refine a range of positions in welfare economics, including egalitarianism and prioritarianism. But this principle faces a serious problem. I have argued elsewhere (Mahtani, J Philos 114(6):303-323 2017) that the concept of ex ante Pareto superiority is not well defined, because its application in a choice situation concerning a fixed population can depend on how the members of that population are designated. I show in this paper that in almost all cases of policy choice, there will be numerous sets of rival designators for the same fixed population. I explore two ways that we might complete the definition of ex ante Pareto superiority. I call these the ‘supervaluationist’ reading and the ‘subvaluationist’ reading. I reject the subvaluationist reading as uncharitable, and argue that the supervaluationist reading is the most promising interpretation of the ex ante Pareto principle. I end by exploring some of the implications of this principle for prioritarianism and egalitarianism.

Anna Karenina: The Dialectic of Prophecy

PMLA ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-282
Author(s):  
David H. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moby Dick ◽  
Anna Karenina ◽  
Symbolic Value ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Way

One of the most impressive features of Anna Karenina is the way in which Tolstoy draws the reader's imagination beyond the literal level of the narrative into generalizations that seem mythical in a manner difficult to articulate. With Dostoevsky or Melville, one sees immediately a propensity for exploiting the symbolic value of things. With Tolstoy, things try, as it were, to resist conversion: they strive to maintain their “thingness” as empirical entities. A character in Dostoevsky is usually only half man; the other half is Christ or Satan. Moby Dick is obviously only half whale; the other half is Evil or some principle of Nature. But Anna Karenina is emphatically Anna Karenina. Like almost all of Tolstoy's characters, she has a proficiency in the husbandry of identity; she jealously hoards her own unique reality, so that it becomes difficult to say of her that she is a “type” of nineteenth-century Russian lady or a “symbol” of modern woman or an “archetypical” Eve or Lilith.

scholarly journals Controversies in Tolcott Parsons' Justification of Functionalist Style of Sociological Thinking

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Thinking Style ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Late Capitalism ◽  
Sociological Thought ◽  
Structural Functionalism ◽  
American Scientist ◽  
The Way

The article focuses on identifying contradictions of functionalist oriented sociological thought, which accumulates various tendencies that determine the ways and styles of sociological theorizing. In particular, an analysis of the link between the life and creative biography of Tolcott Parsons as one of the founders of structural functionalism, their influence on the way and style of his sociological thinking. From the point of view of the authors of the article, T. Parsons' autobiography suggests that the liberal way of thinking was natural to the American scientist. It is this method that has found its adequate reflection in his scientific work and determined the thinking style of one of the most prominent representatives of structural functionalism. It is emphasized that, in response to the accusations of violating the "balance between succession and opportunism" in his "intellectual history", T. Parsons raised questions that did not resolve this contradiction but significantly exacerbated it. Similar situations are classified by a number of intellectuals as schizophrenic in the culture of late capitalism. But they have their logic, based on the rules of which theorists offer different ways of getting out of contradictory social situations that provide temporary success, while creating the effect of their delayed exacerbation. It is emphasized that in the works of T. Parsons the contradiction between “social” and “societal” is realized but not resolved, where “societal” requires development and “social” requires order. It is proved that the functionalist style of sociological thinking creates the illusion of the possibility of its solution by the method of undeclared refusal to develop in the name of order, which, in turn, leads to a radical rejection of the principle of rationalism.

Judicial Artificial Intelligence Bias: A Survey and Recommendations

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-86
Author(s):  
Ogochukwu Constance Ngige ◽  
Oludele Awodele ◽  
Oluwatobi Balogun
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Artificial Intelligence System ◽  
Intelligence System ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Way

Artificial intelligence (AI) has continued to disrupt the way tasks are being carried out, finding its way into almost all facets of human existence, and advancing the development of human society. The AI revolution has made huge and significant inroad into diverse industries like health, energy, transport, retail, advertising, et cetera. AI has been found to assist in carrying out tasks more quickly and efficiently too. Tasks which were hitherto difficult have been simplified significantly through the use of AI. Slow adoption in judiciary has however been reported, compared to other sectors. A lot of factors have been attributed to this, with AI bias being an issue of concern. Decisions emanating from courts have a significant impact on an individual’s private and professional life. It is thus imperative to identify and deal with bias in any judicial AI system in order to avoid delivering a prejudiced and inaccurate decision, thereby possibly intensifying the existing disparities in the society. This paper therefore surveys judicial artificial intelligence bias, paying close attention to types and sources of AI bias in judiciary. The paper also studies the trust-worthy AI, the qualities of a trust-worthy artificial intelligence system and the expectations of users as it is being deployed to the judiciary, and concludes with recommendations in order to mitigate the AI bias in Judiciary.

Information Seeking Behavior of Users and Strategies to Overcome the Challenges in the Current Era

2013 ◽  
pp. 284-288
Author(s):  
A. Dakshayani ◽  
S. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Information Overload ◽  
User Community ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Nature Of Information ◽  
Information Professionals ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Way

Due to the continuous research and development activities taking place in almost all the disciplines, information overload and information explosion has occurred, which in turn poses a challenge to the user community to keep up with the knowledge in their discipline. The dynamic nature of information has forced the users to change the way of seeking information. Hence, there is an immediate need for the information professionals to update the services and facilities of the library. He/she should act as a ultimate search engine and satisfy the information needs of the users. This chapter highlights the changing approach to information by the user community in the present scenario and also provides the solutions to information professionals to tackle the information expectations of the users. This chapter has been written based on the observation of library users and the way they seek information for their business requirements and research and development activities.

How Is the Personality of Facebook Customers?

2017 ◽  
pp. 191-229
Author(s):  
Juan Jose Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
The People ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Secondary Information ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Way

This chapter claims to understand the implications of Cloninger´s psychobiological model of temperament in the people behaviour on social networking sites. This study uses secondary information as well as primary data. The author collected and analyzed an online survey with a sample of 365 individuals. The study contributed to bridging the research gap of the correlation between the Cloninger´s psychobiological model of temperament and people behaviour on SNSs. The main findings show that clear correlation exists between Cloninger´s psychobiological temperament dimensions and the way people interacts on Facebook. Mainly, temperament is affecting in almost all the areas that have been tested; Facebook affinity uses of Facebook, motives and barriers of using Facebook.

From On-Premise ERP to Cloud ERP

2019 ◽  
pp. 816-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Mezghani
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Erp Systems ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Erp Implementation ◽  
It Alignment ◽  
Business It Alignment ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Way

One of the concerns linked to ERP implementation is alignment. Indeed, ERP systems affect almost all business processes and even some strategic choices of a firm. That is why many studies focus on alignment concerns when studying ERP implementation. Nevertheless, firms are more and more interested in switching toward cloud ERP. This involves great challenges for business-IT alignment of an enterprise. Also, with cloud ERP, data and applications are provider-hosted. So, the way ERP is managed may be redefined and achieving alignment might be more challenging. Thus, this chapter aims to expose the major challenges and issues linked to ERP systems alignment. Some tendencies and best practices are also proposed for firms to overcome the alignment challenges, mainly in a cloud environment.

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