scholarly journals Selection of the optimal sterilization schedule for explants of erectoid forms of corn

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (97) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Belokur ◽  
◽  
L. O. Ryabovol ◽  
Ya. S. Ryabovol
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Basic Solution ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Initial Forms ◽  
Infected Material ◽  
Selection Of

The article presents the results of studies to optimize the sterilization technique for seedlings of the initial forms of heterotic hybrids of maize when administered in vitro. On the surface of the plant there is a significant number of various microorganisms that can multiply on a nutrient medium. Therefore, sterilization of plant material is one of the most important stages of in vitro propagation technology. The aim of the research was to develop a procedure for sterilizing the apical meristem of maize seedlings when the material is introduced into isolation culture. To solve the problem, the task was to clarify the features of the use of common and new sterilizers and the selection of optimal modes for effective sterilization of seedlings. Seedlings of a number of maize lines and hybrids were used as explants. The purified and washed plant material was placed in cups with 70 % ethyl alcohol for 1–2 min, and then transferred to the basic solution for sterilization. After sterilization, the material was washed 5–8 times in sterile distilled water. Studies have established the features of the use of a number of sterilizers and selected the optimal modes for effective sterilization of seedlings of forms of corn with erectoid placement of leaves. It was found that sodium hypochlorite is characterized by a high toxic effect on living organisms, in high concentrations causes a significant amount of explant necrosis. The duration of treatment of corn seedlings with hydrogen peroxide of 3 % concentration did not affect the sterilization efficiency. The most effective sterilizing substance for the introduction of seedlings in an isolated culture was determined 0.1 % solution of potassium permanganate exposure of 10 minutes, which allows to obtain up to 86 % of viable seedlings. With an increase in the sterilization exposure to 15 and 20 minutes, the yield of sterile explants significantly decreased and amounted to 65 and 48 %, respectively. It was noted that when using potassium permanganate, the amount of infected material was the lowest in the experiment and varied within 0.6–1.8 %.

The Effects of Shock Vancomycin Concentrations on the Formation of Heteroresistance in Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
V. V. Gostev ◽  
Yu. V. Sopova ◽  
O. S. Kalinogorskaya ◽  
M. E. Velizhanina ◽  
I. V. Lazareva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Selection Of Resistance ◽  
Test Cultures

Glycopeptides are the basis of the treatment of infections caused by MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Previously, it was demonstrated that antibiotic tolerant phenotypes are formed during selection of resistance under the influence of high concentrations of antibiotics. The present study uses a similar in vitro selection model with vancomycin. Clinical isolates of MRSA belonging to genetic lines ST8 and ST239, as well as the MSSA (ATCC29213) strain, were included in the experiment. Test isolates were incubated for five hours in a medium with a high concentration of vancomycin (50 μg/ml). Test cultures were grown on the medium without antibiotic for 18 hours after each exposure. A total of ten exposure cycles were performed. Vancomycin was characterized by bacteriostatic action; the proportion of surviving cells after exposure was 70–100%. After selection, there was a slight increase in the MIC to vancomycin (MIC 2 μg/ml), teicoplanin (MIC 1.5–3 μg/ml) and daptomycin (MIC 0.25–2 μg/ml). According to the results of PAP analysis, all strains showed an increase in the area under curve depending on the concentration of vancomycin after selection, while a heteroresistant phenotype (with PAP/AUC 0.9) was detected in three isolates. All isolates showed walK mutations (T188S, D235N, E261V, V380I, and G223D). Exposure to short-term shock concentrations of vancomycin promotes the formation of heteroresistance in both MRSA and MSSA. Formation of VISA phenotypes is possible during therapy with vancomycin.

scholarly journals Badanie wpływu naturalnych ekstraktów roślinnych na izolowane wierzchołki wzrostów pedów w hodowli in vitro [Investigation of the influence of natural plant extracts on isolated generative apices cultivated in vitro]

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
E. Kuta ◽  
C. Ryka
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
In Vitro Investigation ◽  
Coconut Meal ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Spinach Leaves

The aim of the present paper Was to test the value of various plant extracts (yeast barm, mature walnut embryos, coconut meal, young spinach leaves and tomato juice) used as the complementary elements of White's mineral nutrient for the culture <i>in vitro</i> of generative apices of winter wheat, rape and wetch. The results showed that the generative apices of investigated planits had various nutritive requirements which point to the necessity of a careful selection of a specific nutrient for particular plant material.

scholarly journals Transformation of Acinetobacter sp. Strain BD413(pFG4ΔnptII) with Transgenic Plant DNA in Soil Microcosms and Effects of Kanamycin on Selection of Transformants

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 1237-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaare M. Nielsen ◽  
Jan D. van Elsas ◽  
Kornelia Smalla
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plant ◽  
Kanamycin Resistance ◽  
Soil Restoration ◽  
Dna Encoding ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Soil Microcosms ◽  
Plant Dna ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Here we show that horizontal transfer of DNA, extracted from transgenic sugar beets, to bacteria, based on homologous recombination, can occur in soil. Restoration of a 317-bp-deleted nptIIgene in Acinetobacter sp. strain BD413(pFG4) cells incubated in sterile soil microcosms was detected after addition of nutrients and transgenic plant DNA encoding a functionalnptII gene conferring bacterial kanamycin resistance. Selective effects of the addition of kanamycin on the population dynamics of Acinetobacter sp. cells in soil were found, and high concentrations of kanamycin reduced the CFU ofAcinetobacter sp. cells from 109 CFU/g of soil to below detection. In contrast to a chromosomalnptII-encoded kanamycin resistance, the pFG4-generated resistance was found to be unstable over a 31-day incubation period in vitro.

Comparative Toxicity, Biodistribution and Excretion of Ultra-Small Gold Nanoclusters with Different Emission Wavelengths

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1778-1787
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Lina Chen ◽  
Chujie Zeng ◽  
Huanggen Yang ◽  
Silian He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Gold Nanoclusters ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽  
Comparative Toxicity ◽  
Haemolytic Assay ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Living Organisms

The exponentially increased use of gold nanoclusters in diagnosis and treatment has raised serious concern about their potential threat to living organisms. However, the mechanisms of toxicity of gold nanoclusters in vitro and in vivo remain poorly understood. In this work, comparative toxicity studies, including biodistribution and excretion, were carried out with mildly and chemically synthesized ultra-small L-histidine-protected and bovine serum albumin (BSA)-protected gold nanoclusters in an all-aqueous process. These nanoclusters did not induce a remarkable impact on cell viability, even at relatively high concentrations (100 μg/mL). The haemolytic assay demonstrated that the gold nanoclusters could not destroy blood cell at 600 μg/mL. After intravenous injection with mice, the biocompatibility, biodistribution, and excretion were determined. Quantitative analysis results showed that accumulation varied in the liver, spleen, kidney, and lung, though primarily in the liver and spleen. They were excreted in urine and faeces, but mainly excreted through urine. In our study, no obvious abnormalities were found in body weight, behavioral changes, blood and serum biochemical indicators, and histopathology. These findings suggested that both gold nanoclusters showed similar effects in vivo and were safe and biocompatible, laying the foundation for safe biomedical application in the future.

Animal grazing selectivity and plant chemistry issues impact on the potential of Rhagodia preissii as an anthelmintic shrub

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 628-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. KOTZE ◽  
E. N. ZADOW ◽  
P. E. VERCOE ◽  
N. PHILLIPS ◽  
A. TOOVEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Plant Chemistry ◽  
Animal Grazing ◽  
Selection Of

SUMMARYAs Rhagodia preissii had shown significant in vitro anthelmintic activity in a previous study, we examined the effect of including this shrub in the diet of sheep infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Worm-infected merino wethers were grazed for 7 weeks on either R. preissii or annual pasture, and faecal egg counts (FECs) were conducted weekly. Plant material was collected weekly from eaten and uneaten plants, and analysed for levels of plant secondary metabolites (tannins, oxalates, saponins) and in vitro anthelmintic activity. While mean FECs were consistently lower in sheep grazing R. preissii compared to pasture (reductions of 20–74%), the differences were not significant. There was no relationship between grazing preference (eaten or uneaten) and in vitro anthelmintic activity of plant extracts. The levels of saponins and oxalates did not correlate with grazing preference or in vitro anthelmintic activity, while tannins were not responsible for the anthelmintic activity. While the identity of the grazing deterrent and in vitro anthelmintic compounds remain unknown, the presence of plants which were both highly preferred by the sheep and showed in vitro anthelmintic activity indicates a potential to develop the species as an anthelmintic shrub through selection of shrub populations dominated by such plants.

scholarly journals Maternal exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics causes brain abnormalities in progeny

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohyeon Jeong ◽  
Young-Kyoung Ryu ◽  
Jeong Yeob Baek ◽  
Jahong Koo ◽  
Subin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Maternal Administration

Abstract As global plastic production continues to grow, microplastics released from a massive quantity of plastic wastes have become a critical environmental concern. These microplastic particles are found in a wide range of living organisms in a diverse array of ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the biological effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) on development of the central nervous system using cultured neural stem cells (NSCs) and mice exposed to PSNPs during developmental stages. Our study demonstrates that maternal administration of PSNPs during gestation and lactating periods altered the functioning of NSCs, neural cell compositions, and brain histology in progeny. Similarly, our in vitro study also shows PSNP-induced molecular and functional defects in NSCs. Finally, we show that the abnormal brain development caused by exposure to high concentrations of PSNPs results in neurophysiological and cognitive deficits in a gender-specific manner. Our data demonstrate the possibility that exposure to high amounts of PSNPs may increase the risk of neurodevelopmental defects.

Clone selection of in vitro horseradish hairy root cultures

Planta Medica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Bertóti ◽  
Á Alberti ◽  
A Böszörményi ◽  
R Könye ◽  
T Horváth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hairy Root ◽  
Hairy Root Cultures ◽  
Root Cultures ◽  
Clone Selection ◽  
Selection Of

In Vitro Effects of Ethanol on Rabbit Platelet Aggregation, Secretion of Granule Contents, and Cyclic AMP Levels in the Presence of Prostacyclin

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (02) ◽  
pp. 254-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret L Rand ◽  
Peter L Gross ◽  
Donna M Jakowec ◽  
Marian A Packham ◽  
J Fraser Mustard
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Rabbit Platelet ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Rabbit Platelets ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Aggregation Of Platelets

SummaryEthanol, at physiologically tolerable concentrations, inhibits platelet responses to low concentrations of collagen or thrombin, but does not inhibit responses of washed rabbit platelets stimulated with high concentrations of ADP, collagen, or thrombin. However, when platelet responses to high concentrations of collagen or thrombin had been partially inhibited by prostacyclin (PGI2), ethanol had additional inhibitory effects on aggregation and secretion. These effects were also observed with aspirin- treated platelets stimulated with thrombin. Ethanol had no further inhibitory effect on aggregation of platelets stimulated with ADP, or the combination of ADP and epinephrine. Thus, the inhibitory effects of ethanol on platelet responses in the presence of PGI2 were very similar to its inhibitory effects in the absence of PGI2, when platelets were stimulated with lower concentrations of collagen or thrombin. Ethanol did not appear to exert its inhibitory effects by increasing cyclic AMP above basal levels and the additional inhibitory effects of ethanol in the presence of PGI2 did not appear to be brought about by further increases in platelet cyclic AMP levels.

Aggregation of Cat Platelets in Vitro

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. 601-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th. B Tschopp
Keyword(s):  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Reversible Aggregation ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Irreversible Aggregation ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Improved Technique

SummaryAggregation of cat platelets in the citrated plasma is examined by means of Born’s absorptiometer. A marked tendency of the platelets of this species to spontaneous aggregation necessitated first of all the development of an improved technique of blood collection.A hypothesis according to which 5-HT is released from the platelets, explains the absence of oscillations on the base line of the absorptiometer, the absence of platelet swelling, when ADP is added, and the effect of stirring on the aggregation curves in cat PRP. The average volume of cat platelets amounts to 10.46 μ3 when directly fixed in the blood, when fixed from PRP to 12.17 μ3, when fixed from stirred PRP to 13.51 μ3.In low concentrations (0.3-2 μM) ADP produce reversible aggregation; in narrowly restricted, individually dissimilar mean concentrations irreversible aggregation in two phases and in high concentrations, irreversible aggregation in one phase. Like ADP serotonin produces 2 phase irreversible aggregation in concentrations of 3-10 μM, but unlike ADP, the aggregation velocity decreases again with high 5-HT concentrations (>100 μM). Adrenaline does not produce aggregation and it is likely that adenosine and adenosine monophosphate inhibit the aggregation by serotonin but not by ADP. Species differences in the aggregation of human, rabbit and cat platelets are discussed.

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