Age and Gender as Predictors of Injury Severity in Head-on Highway Vehicular Collisions

1997 ◽  
Vol 1581 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cletus R. Mercier ◽  
Mack C. Shelley ◽  
Julie B. Rimkus ◽  
Joyce M. Mercier
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Rural Highways ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
Individual Variables ◽  
And Gender

Whether age or gender or both influenced severity of injuries suffered in head-on automobile collisions on rural highways was assessed. The initial hypothesis was that, because of physiological changes, and possibly other changes related to aging (including loss of bone density), older drivers and passengers would suffer more severe injuries when involved in head-on collisions. Results of logistic regression analysis indicate that four separate factors, incorporating 14 individual and interactive variables, were strongly related to injury severity. Individual variables included age of driver or passenger (either linear or quadratic), position in the vehicle, and form of protection used, along with a set of interactive variables (such as age and position). The importance of age-related effects in injury severity is verified by hierarchical and principal components logistic regression models, amplifying findings of exploratory stepwise logistic analysis. Variations in findings resulted when the population was divided by gender. Although age remained a very important factor in predicting injury severity for both men and women, use of lap and shoulder restraints appeared to be more beneficial for men than for women, while deployed air bags seemed more beneficial for women than for men.

scholarly journals Social Context of Depressive Distress in Aging Transgender Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1517-1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn M. White Hughto ◽  
Sari L. Reisner
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Everyday Discrimination

This study investigates the relationship between discrimination and mental health in aging transgender adults. Survey responses from 61 transgender adults above 50 ( Mage = 57.7, SD = 5.8; 77.1% male-to-female; 78.7% White non-Hispanic) were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression models examined the relationship between gender- and age-related discrimination, number of everyday discrimination experiences, and past-week depressive distress, adjusting for social support, sociodemographics, and other forms of discrimination. The most commonly attributed reasons for experiencing discrimination were related to gender (80.3%) and age (34.4%). More than half of participants (55.5%) met criteria for past-week depressive distress. In an adjusted multivariable model, gender-related discrimination and a greater number of everyday discrimination experiences were associated with increased odds of past-week depressive distress. Additional research is needed to understand the effects of aging and gender identity on depressive symptoms and develop interventions to safeguard the mental health of this vulnerable aging population.

On Graphically Checking Goodness-of-fit of Binary Logistic Regression Models

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (03) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Minder ◽  
G. Gillmann
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Graphical Method ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Viable Solution

Summary Objectives: This paper is concerned with checking goodness-of-fit of binary logistic regression models. For the practitioners of data analysis, the broad classes of procedures for checking goodness-of-fit available in the literature are described. The challenges of model checking in the context of binary logistic regression are reviewed. As a viable solution, a simple graphical procedure for checking goodness-of-fit is proposed. Methods: The graphical procedure proposed relies on pieces of information available from any logistic analysis; the focus is on combining and presenting these in an informative way. Results: The information gained using this approach is presented with three examples. In the discussion, the proposed method is put into context and compared with other graphical procedures for checking goodness-of-fit of binary logistic models available in the literature. Conclusion: A simple graphical method can significantly improve the understanding of any logistic regression analysis and help to prevent faulty conclusions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Adolescents’ and Young Adults’ Attitudes Toward Participation in Cancer Clinical Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e280-e289
Author(s):  
Jeremy Lewin ◽  
Jennifer A. H. Bell ◽  
Kate Wang ◽  
Victoria Forcina ◽  
Seline Tam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Cancer Clinical Trials ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Tumor Types

PURPOSE: Participation in cancer clinical trials (CCTs) for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) remains the lowest of any patient group with cancer. Little is known about the personal barriers to AYA accrual. The aim of this study was to explore AYA attitudes that influence CCT participation. METHODS: A mixed-methods approach was used. AYAs and non-AYAs (≥ 40 years) completed the Cancer Treatment subscale of the Attitudes Toward Cancer Trials Scales and 9 supplementary questions formed from interview analysis. Differences between AYA and non-AYA cohorts were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, and logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate the effect of demographics on perceptions of CCTs. RESULTS: Surveys were distributed to 61 AYAs (median age, 29 years; range, 17-39 years) and 74 non-AYAs (median age, 55 years; range, 40-88 years). Compared with non-AYAs, AYAs perceived CCTs to be unsafe/more difficult (Personal Barrier/Safety domain; P = .01). There were no differences based on age in other domains. AYAs were also more concerned with CCT interference in their long-term goals ( P = .04). Multivariable ordered logistic regression identified increased personal barriers in the Personal Barrier/Safety domain for AYAs ( P = .01), in patients with English as a second language (ESL; P < .01), and in patients previously not offered a clinical trial ( P = .03). Long-term goals were identified as a barrier in particular tumor types ( P = .01) and in patients with ESL ( P < .01), with a trend identified in AYAs ( P = .12). CONCLUSION: Age-related differences in attitudes toward CCTs suggest that tailored approaches to CCT accrual are warranted. Patient-centered delivery of information regarding CCTs, particularly in patients with ESL and who are trial naïve, may improve accrual.

Evaluation of adolescents and young adults (AYA) attitudes towards participation in cancer clinical trials.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10047-10047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abha A. Gupta ◽  
Jennifer A.H Bell ◽  
Kate Wang ◽  
Victoria Forcina ◽  
Seline Tam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Ordered Logistic Regression ◽  
Patient Groups

10047 Background: Participation in clinical trials (CT) for AYA ( < 39 years) remain the lowest of any patient group with cancer. Little is known about the personal barriers to AYA accrual. The aim of this study was to explore AYA attitudes that influence CT participation. Methods: A mixed methods approach included 1) qualitative: interpretive descriptive methodology guided individual semi-structured interviews with 21 AYA for factors influencing CT enrollment and 2) quantitative: AYA and non-AYA (≥40) matched for histology completed Cancer Treatment subscale of Attitudes toward Cancer Trials Scales (ACTS-CT) (Schuber, 2008) and 9 supplementary questions formed from interview analysis. Differences between AYA and non-AYA cohorts were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and ordered logistic regression models were constructed for prediction of the effect of baseline demographics. Results: The major themes influencing CT participation were: (1) family/peer group opinion (2) CT impact on daily/future life (e.g. school; starting a family) and (3) illness severity/psychological readiness for CT information. Surveys were distributed to 61 AYA (median age: 29 years (17-39)); 74 non-AYA (55 (40-88)). Compared with non-AYA, AYA perceived CT to be unsafe/more difficult (Personal Barrier/Safety domain; p = 0.01). AYA were also more concerned with CT interference in their long term goals (p = 0.04). Logistic regression identified participants who had previously been offered a CT (p = 0.01) or who spoke English as their first language (80% of cohort)(p = 0.01) reported less barriers to CT. There were no differences based on age in other domains (Personal Benefits; Personal/Social Value; Trust in CT). In all participants, differences were seen in the Personal Benefits domain if respondents had children (p = 0.05) or were currently working (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Age-related differences in attitudes towards CT suggest that tailored approaches to CT accrual of different patient groups may be warranted. Patient-centered delivery of information regarding CT, particularly for those in whom English is a second language and who are trial-naïve, may improve accrual and warrants further prospective, randomized study.

scholarly journals Nutrition knowledge, attitudes, behaviours and the influencing factors among non-parent caregivers of rural left-behind children under 7 years old in China

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1663-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cai Tan ◽  
Jiayou Luo ◽  
Rong Zong ◽  
Chuhui Fu ◽  
Lingli Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Parent Caregivers ◽  
And Gender

AbstractObjectiveTo explore and compare nutrition knowledge, attitudes and behaviours (KAB) between non-parent and parent caregivers of children under 7 years old in Chinese rural areas, and to identify the factors influencing their nutrition KAB.DesignFace-to-face interviews were carried out with 1691 non-parent caregivers and 1670 parent caregivers in the selected study areas; multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the factors influencing nutrition KAB in caregivers.ResultsThe awareness rate of nutrition knowledge, the rate of positive attitudes and the rate of optimal behaviours in non-parent caregivers (52·2 %, 56·9 % and 37·7 %, respectively) were significantly lower than in the parent group (63·8 %, 62·1 % and 42·8 %, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression modelling showed that caregivers’ family income and care will, and children’s age and gender, were associated with caregivers’ nutrition KAB after controlling the possible confounding variables (caregivers’ age, gender, education and occupation).ConclusionsNon-parent caregivers had relatively poor nutrition KAB. Extra efforts and targeted education programmes aimed to improve rural non-parent caregivers’ nutrition KAB are wanted and need to be emphasized.

scholarly journals Gender differences in snowboarding accidents in Austria: a 2005–2018 registry analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e053413
Author(s):  
Christopher Duane Rugg ◽  
Till Malzacher ◽  
Julia Ausserer ◽  
Andrea Rederlechner ◽  
Peter Paal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Registry Analysis ◽  
Fatal Injuries

ObjectivesTo elucidate gender differences in snowboarding accidents.DesignRetrospective registry analysis within the Austrian National Registry of Mountain Accidents.SettingSnowboard-related emergencies between November 2005 and October 2018.ParticipantsAll injured snowboarders with documented injury severity and gender (3536 men; 2155 women).Primary and secondary outcome measuresGender-specific analysis of emergency characteristics and injury patterns.ResultsOver time, the number of mild, severe and fatal injuries per season decreased in men but not in women. Accidents most frequently were interindividual collisions (>80%) and occurred when heading downhill on a slope. Men more often suffered injuries to the shoulder (15.1% vs 9.2%) and chest (6.8% vs 4.4%), were involved in accidents caused by falling (12.9% vs 9.6%) or obstacle impact (4.3% vs 1.5%), while on slopes with higher difficulty levels (red: 42.6% vs 39.9%; black: 4.2% vs 2.5%), while snowboarding in a park (4.8% vs 2.1%) and under the influence of alcohol (1.6% vs 0.5%). Women more often sustained injuries to the back (10.2% vs 13.1%) and pelvis (2.9% vs 4.2%), on easier slopes (blue: 46.1% vs 52.4%) and while standing or sitting (11.0% vs 15.8%). Mild injuries were more frequent in women (48.6% vs 56.4%), severe and fatal injuries in men (36.0% vs 29.7% and 0.9% vs 0.4%). Male gender, age and the use of a helmet were risk factors for the combined outcome of severe or fatal injuries (OR (99% CI): 1.22 (1.00 to 1.48), 1.02 (1.02 to 1.03) and 1.31 (1.05 to 1.63)). When wearing a helmet, the relative risk (RR) for severe injuries increased while that for mild injuries decreased in male snowboarders only (RR (95% CI): 1.21 (1.09 to 1.34) and 0.88 (0.83 to 0.95)).ConclusionsSnowboard injuries are proportionally increasing in women and the observed injury patterns and emergency characteristics differ substantially from those of men. Further gender-specific research in snowboard-related injuries should be encouraged.Trial registration numberNCT03755050.

scholarly journals Gender and survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a New Zealand registry study

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 367-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Dicker ◽  
Kate Conaglen ◽  
Graham Howie
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Outcome Differences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

ObjectiveTo determine the relationships between survival from all-cause out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and gender in New Zealand.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted using data compliant with the Utstein guidelines from the St John New Zealand OHCA Registry for adult patients who were treated for an OHCA between 1 October 2013 and 30 September 2015. Univariate logistic regression was used to investigate factors associated with return of spontaneous circulation sustained to handover at hospital and survival to 30 days. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate outcome differences in survival according to gender at 30 days postevent.ResultsWomen survived to hospital handover in 29% of cases, which was not significantly different from men (31%). When adjusted for age, location, aetiology, initial rhythm and witnessed status, there was no significant difference in 30-day survival between men (16%) and women (13%) (adjusted OR 1.22, 95% CI (0.96 to 1.55), p=0.11).ConclusionNo statistical differences were found in 30-day survival between genders when adjustments for unfavourable Utstein variables were accounted for.

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