Model Guidelines for Visibility of On-Premise Advertisement Signs

1997 ◽  
Vol 1605 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly Thompson Kuhn ◽  
Philip M. Garvey ◽  
Martin T. Pietrucha
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Specialized Training ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Local Planning ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Aesthetic Appeal ◽  
Model Set ◽  
Lateral Offset

On-premise advertising signs play an important role in directing drivers. Well-placed and well-designed on-premise advertising signs can guide vehicle operators toward their destinations with minimal demand for attention. Poor placement of signs can sap a driver’s cognitive and perceptual resources, resulting in erratic maneuvers such as inappropriate slowing and lane changing. Increasingly, however, the visibility of on-premise advertising signs is being determined not by human factors researchers, visibility experts, or traffic engineers but by local planning and zoning officials, who lack specialized training in relevant fields. Regulations affecting on-premise sign visibility characteristics, such as means of illumination, lateral offset, and sign size, have been established mainly on the basis of arguments for improved aesthetic appeal and of vague, often unsubstantiated safety claims. There is a clear need to determine, from scientific and ergonomic perspectives, the effects these regulations have on sign visibility and traffic safety. An organized synthesis of existing literature on sign visibility based on 60 years of research and consisting of more than 150 journal articles and technical reports is presented. The synthesis may be used by sign designers to optimize the visual effectiveness of their signs. It also can provide a scientific basis for the development of new on-premise sign regulations or changes to existing regulations. A model set of guidelines for designing and locating on-premise advertisement signs for conspicuity and legibility is provided.

scholarly journals The Development and Validation of Pre-Driving Assessment: Attitude towards safe driving scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (13) ◽  
pp. 337-342
Author(s):  
Mohamad Ghazali Masuri ◽  
Akehsan Dahlan ◽  
Khairil Anuar Md Isa ◽  
Rugayah Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Occupational Science ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Open Access Article

An occupational therapist who involved with driving rehabilitation should use a proper evaluation in identifying safe driving behaviour during the pre-driving assessment. Many reports have stated that human factors contributed up to 97% of collision. This study aims to develop a psychological evaluation that measures human factors in traffic safety during the pre-driving assessment. This study was involved sequential mix methodology approach. The factor analysis was carried out to determine the validity and reliability of the evaluation (Cronbach alpha .887). This assessment found to be adequate in providing the standard means of risky driving attitude based on the cut off value established.Keywords: Occupational science; Pre-driving assessment; Functional activities; Driving rehabilitationeISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v5i13.2060

scholarly journals Improved Road Safety at Work Zones using Advanced Traveler Information Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Suhail Almallah ◽  
Qinaat Hussain ◽  
Wael K. M Alhajyaseen ◽  
Tom Brijs
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Work Zone ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Work Zones ◽  
Treatment Scenario ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Variable Message Signs ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Message Signs

Work zones are road sections where road construction or maintenance activities take place. These work zones usually have different alignment and furniture than the original road and thus temporary lower speeds are adopted at these locations. However, drivers usually face difficulty in adopting the new speed limit and maneuvering safely due to the change in alignment. Therefore, work zones are commonly considered as hazardous locations with higher crash rates and severities as reported in the literature. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a variable message signs (VMSs) based system for work zone advance warning area. The proposed system aims at enhancing driver adaptation of the reduced speed limit, encourage early lane changing maneuvers and improve the cooperative driving behavior in the pre-work zone road section. The study was conducted using a driving simulator at the College of Engineering of Qatar University. Seventy volunteers holding a valid Qatari passenger car driving license participated in this study. In the simulator experiment, we have two scenarios (control and treatment). The control scenario was designed based on the Qatar Work Zone Traffic Management Guide (QWZTMG), where the length of the advance warning area is 1000 m. Meanwhile, the treatment scenario contains six newly designed variable message signs where two of them were animation-based. The VMSs were placed at the same locations of the static signs in the control scenario. Both scenarios were tested for two situations. In the first situation, the participants were asked to drive on the left lane while in the second situation, they were instructed to drive on the second lane. The study results showed that the proposed system was effective in motivating drivers to reduce their traveling speed in advance. Compared to the control scenario, drivers’ mean speed was significantly 6.3 and 11.1 kph lower in the VMS scenario in the first and second situations, respectively. Furthermore, the VMS scenario encouraged early lane changing maneuvers. In the VMS scenario, drivers changed their lanes in advance by 150 m compared to the control scenario. In addition, the proposed system was effective in motivating drivers to keep larger headways with the frontal merging vehicle. Taking into account the results from this study, we recommend the proposed VMS based system as a potentially effective treatment to improve traffic safety at work zones.

Analysing the Performance of a Fuzzy Lane Changing Model Using Data Mining

2015 ◽  
pp. 1540-1566
Author(s):  
Sara Moridpour
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Simulation ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Microscopic Traffic Simulation ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Using Data

Heavy vehicles have substantial impact on traffic flow particularly during heavy traffic conditions. Large amount of heavy vehicle lane changing manoeuvres may increase the number of traffic accidents and therefore reduce the freeway safety. Improving road capacity and enhancing traffic safety on freeways has been the motivation to establish heavy vehicle lane restriction strategies to reduce the interaction between heavy vehicles and passenger cars. In previous studies, different heavy vehicle lane restriction strategies have been evaluated using microscopic traffic simulation packages. Microscopic traffic simulation packages generally use a common model to estimate the lane changing of heavy vehicles and passenger cars. The common lane changing models ignore the differences exist in the lane changing behaviour of heavy vehicle and passenger car drivers. An exclusive fuzzy lane changing model for heavy vehicles is developed and presented in this chapter. This fuzzy model can increase the accuracy of simulation models in estimating the macroscopic and microscopic traffic characteristics. The results of this chapter shows that using an exclusive lane changing model for heavy vehicles, results in more reliable evaluation of lane restriction strategies.

scholarly journals Safety Improvements by Converting a Standard Roundabout with Unbalanced Flow Distribution into an Egg Turbo Roundabout: Simulation Approach to a Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Gallelli ◽  
Rosolino Vaiana
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Traffic Conflicts ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
High Level

In 2011, the United Nations Road Safety Collaboration (UNRSC) developed a Global Plan for the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011–2020. Among the categories or “pillars” of activities, is the improvement of road safety for infrastructures. Furthermore, this plan is aligned by the UN Sustainable Development Goals that included even traffic safety. In this regard, this study estimates safety improvements achieved by converting a standard roundabout into an egg turbo roundabout. In particular, turbo roundabouts have become very popular in Northern Europe for both their safety and their capacity. Many studies have shown these advantages thanks to their features: preventive separation of entering flows, limited lane changing and low speeds due to curbs. Given the absence of existing turbo roundabouts in Italy, this research studied and compared a “virtual” roundabout with spiraling circular carriageways to an existing multi-lane roundabout in order to assess its significant reduction in terms of potential collisions. This study relied on traffic conflicts in micro-simulation by using VISSIM software and then Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM). The research is based on the traffic process observed at a standard roundabout in Cosenza (Italy) marked by a high level of congestion and safety problems. Speeds, critical gaps, queue lengths, and floating car data, obtained from video observations, have been used as input data for the calibration procedure of the first scenario (case study roundabout). Then, the turbo roundabout solution was built and simulated by using the previously derived parameters. Finally, the two roundabout scenarios were compared in terms of spatial distribution of the potential conflicts determined by SSAM. The results could help to measure the performance and safety impact of these two roundabout configurations.

scholarly journals Human Factors Analysis of Air Traffic Safety Based on HFACS-BN Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 5049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Lyu ◽  
Wenbin Song ◽  
Ke Du
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Objective Data ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Human Factors Analysis

Air traffic control (ATC) performance is important to ensure flight safety and the sustainability of aviation growth. To better evaluate the performance of ATC, this paper introduces the HFACS-BN model (HFACS: Human factors analysis and classification system; BN: Bayesian network), which can be combined with the subjective information of relevant experts and the objective data of accident reports to obtain more accurate evaluation results. The human factors of ATC in this paper are derived from screening and analysis of 142 civil and general aviation accidents/incidents related to ATC human factors worldwide from 1980 to 2019, among which the most important 25 HFs are selected to construct the evaluation model. The authors designed and implemented a questionnaire survey based on the HFACS framework and collected valid data from 26 frontline air traffic controllers (ATCO) and experts related to ATC in 2019. Combining the responses with objective data, the noisy MAX model is used to calculate the conditional probability table. The results showed that, among the four levels of human factors, unsafe acts had the greatest influence on ATC Performance (79.4%), while preconditions for safe acts contributed the least (40.3%). The sensitivity analysis indicates the order of major human factors influencing the performance of ATC. Finally, this study contributes to the literature in terms of methodological development and expert empirical analysis, providing data support for human error management intervention of ATC in aviation safety.

Fatigue Research on Welding Joint of the Main Girder in Bridge Crane

2013 ◽  
Vol 711 ◽  
pp. 323-326
Author(s):  
Nan Liu ◽  
Dong Xiang ◽  
Peng Mou ◽  
Ying Ren ◽  
Ning Xie
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Main Beam ◽  
Bridge Crane ◽  
Mechanical Products ◽  
Weld Fatigue ◽  
Model Set ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Main Girder

Fatigue problems about large sized structure components ,such as bridge crane girder , has always been the bottleneck of mechanical products lightweight, reliability, security. In order to study fatigue problem about crane girder in the actual conditions, the dangerous spot of the girder is identified by using the finite element method to analyze structural stress. By simplified model , set up to reflect the main beam welding details of the characteristics of the small size of the process welding fatigue specimen model, and carried out a series of fatigue life test. Specimen fatigue test results quantitative descript the actual fatigue life of the bridge crane girder welded structures. By data fitting, the S-N curve equation of the bridge crane girder include the specific materials, the stress ratio, the welding process and special structure is obtained. It provides a scientific basis and practical methods to solve weld fatigue life design and the remaining life prediction about the crane girder.

MAKNA ISLAM SEBAGAI AGAMA RAHMATAN LIL ALAMIN PERSPEKTIF PARTAI-PARTAI ISLAM PERIODE 2014-2019 (Studi terhadap Pernyataan Petinggi Partai Islam dalam Menanggapi Isu SARA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-149
Author(s):  
Robiatul Adawiyah
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Model ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Related Literature ◽  
Online Newspapers ◽  
Islamic Parties ◽  
Universal Nature

The purpose of this paper is to re-understand the concept of Islam as a religion that rahmatan lil alamin in the perspective of Islamic parties in Indonesia, especially in the period 2014 - 2019. some a priori towards Islam then afraid to study Islam. In the midst of such conditions the term rahmata lil alamin can be an alternative model of Islam that is complained of by many groups. Ironically, this term is interpreted without sufficient scientific basis, it can even be said to have been a meaning bias. By using a socio-anthropolinguistic approach from online-based data, in this paper the authors use a literature study, which is looking for sources of written data that have relevance to the problem being studied. While the data sources that are used both in the form of books, journal articles, magazines and online newspapers are trusted. Based on the study of literature, the data collection techniques both primary and secondary authors use literature techniques and related literature. With this writing the authors hope the concept of Islam rahmatan lil alamin in the perspective of Islamic parties in Indonesia get clarity so that the meaning of Islam rahmatan lil alamin can truly reflect the universal nature and uphold the value of humanity that is fair and civilized and justice for all Indonesian people in particular and all humanity in general

Human Factor Issues Associated with Lane Change Collision Avoidance Systems: Effects of Authority, Control, and Ability on Drivers’ Performance and Situation Awareness

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1634-1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husam Muslim ◽  
Makoto Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Force Feedback ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Lane Change ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Automatic Action

In order to improve road traffic safety, increasingly sophisticated and robust collision avoidance systems are being developed. When employed in safety-critical situations, however, the interaction between the human factors and these systems may increase the complexity of the task of driving. Due to these human factors, the ability of the driver to respond to various traffic dangers is considered to be a function of the level of automation, balance of control authority, and the innate ability of the driver. For the purpose of this study, a driving experiment was designed using two types of lane change collision avoidance systems. One was a haptic warning system that provides a steering force feedback to avoid hazardous lane change, and the other, a semi-autonomous system that provides an automatic action to prevent hazardous lane change. While drivers had the final authority over the haptic system, they were unable to override the automatic action. Both systems were examined in three conditions: i) hazard that can be detected only by the system, ii) hazard that can be detected only by the driver, and iii) combined hazards. The different support systems were applied to the different hazards resulting in significant differences in drivers’ reaction time and steering behavior. The drivers’ subjective post-hazard assessments were significantly affected by the type of encountered hazard.

Research on Continuous Traffic Safety Evaluation of Yangtze River Shipping

2013 ◽  
Vol 442 ◽  
pp. 617-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Jin Xu ◽  
Qin Liu ◽  
Lei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Safety Mechanism

Traffic safety has characteristics of long-term and arduous, and continued safety is the essential goal of safety, the continued safety of Yangtze River shipping is not only an important part of Yangtze River safety culture, but also a concrete manifestation of long-term safety mechanism. This paper analyzes the affecting factors of the Yangtze River shipping safety, from the perspective of sustainable safety, extract with operational index of safety evaluation, construct of the Yangtze River shipping safety evaluation model, combined with the improved analytic hierarchy process , estimates the main aspects that affects the continued safety of the Yangtze River shipping , and the research results can provide scientific basis for the long-term management of Yangtze River shipping safety.

The Nighttime Pedestrian Collision: Human Factors Issues and a Case Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 833-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf G. Mortimer
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Ambient Lighting ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Road Characteristics

Injuries to pedestrians in collisions with motor vehicles are a significant problem in traffic safety, accounting for about 13% of fatalities, with more than half occurring at night. There are many variables that affect the visibility of pedestrians in darkness such as: the reflectance of their clothing, their position on the roadway, atmospheric conditions, road characteristics, street lighting, motor vehicle headlamps and their aim and alignment; other ambient lighting and background conditions, glare of headlamps of oncoming traffic and from street lamps, the driving environment and activities and performance of the driver. These issues are discussed, the techniques used to make a human factors analysis are described and some are illustrated by a case study of a night, pedestrian collision on a rural road.

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