Effectiveness Analysis of Subsurface Drainage Features Based on Design Adequacy

2000 ◽  
Vol 1709 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Timothy Robert Wyatt ◽  
Emir Jose Macari
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Design Feature ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Pavement Distress ◽  
Theoretical Design ◽  
Pavement Structures ◽  
Pavement Base ◽  
Effectiveness Assessment

To prevent the deleterious effects of undrained moisture in pavement structures, it has become common to incorporate subsurface drainage features such as permeable bases and edgedrains into pavement design. A theoretical design methodology has been developed to ensure that the level of subsurface drainage is adequate for the specific pavement structure. However, recent research has called into question the effectiveness of subsurface drainage for certain types of pavement structures. Correlating the presence of moisture-related pavement distress with drainage features has revealed that drainage features do not significantly reduce faulting of doweled jointed concrete pavements, and that edgedrains may negatively impact hot-mix asphalt pavements. However, the study in which this correlation was accomplished did not attempt to assess the adequacy of the provided drainage features using the theoretical design methodology. This research presents an alternative method of effectiveness assessment based on design adequacy. The theoretical drainage capacity of a design feature, such as a pavement base or edgedrain system, is computed using the design methodology and compared with the expected inflow to that feature. The adequacy of the design is expressed as the proportion of the computed capacity to the expected service requirement. The method is applied to cases in the Long-Term Pavement Performance database. Examples are provided in which adherence to the design methodology would have indicated that the drainage features were inadequate; however, the more simplistic observational approach would reflect poorly on the effectiveness of the provided drainage features.

Performance evaluation of jointed plain concrete pavements with sealed and unsealed joints in North Texas

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 601-608
Author(s):  
Mena I. Souliman ◽  
Ashish Tripathi ◽  
Lubinda F. Walubita ◽  
Mayzan M. Isied
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
Plain Concrete ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
North Texas ◽  
Pavement Distress ◽  
Initial Cost ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Cost Of Construction

Joint sealing in jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP) has been practiced throughout the world for many years as it improves the performance of concrete pavements. The infiltration of water is a common problem in concrete pavements and often increases distresses, such as faulting and pumping. For this reason, sealing the joints can help reduce water infiltration. Additionally, the infiltration of sand and small stones, aggregates, or debris into the joints can also be prevented, consequently reducing joint spalling in concrete pavements. However, it is also reported that joint sealing increases the initial cost of construction, especially if the joints need to be resealed, which leads to some additional costs. In this study, the pavement distress data was collected from the long-term pavement performance (LTPP) database for all the JPCPs sections in North Texas. The study illustrates the relative field performance in terms of spalling, faulting, roughness, and deflections of JPCP sections for both sealed and unsealed LTPP sections of North Texas.

scholarly journals Long-Term Performance of Pavement Structures with Cold In-Place Recycled Base Course

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-65
Author(s):  
Audrius Vaitkus ◽  
Judita Gražulytė ◽  
Andrius Baltrušaitis ◽  
Jurgita Židanavičiūtė ◽  
Donatas Čygas
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Binding Agents ◽  
Pavement Structure ◽  
Pavement Structures ◽  
Base Course ◽  
Surface Distress ◽  
Foamed Bitumen

Properly designed and maintained asphalt pavements operate for ten to twenty-five years and have to be rehabilitated after that period. Cold in-place recycling has priority over all other rehabilitation methods since it is done without preheating and transportation of reclaimed asphalt pavement. Multiple researches on the performance of cold recycled mixtures have been done; however, it is unclear how the entire pavement structure (cold recycled asphalt pavement overlaid with asphalt mixture) performs depending on binding agents. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the performance of cold in-place recycled asphalt pavements considering binding agents (foamed bitumen in combination with cement or only cement) and figure out which binder leads to the best pavement performance. Three road sections rehabilitated in 2000, 2003, and 2005 were analysed. The performance of the entire pavement structure was evaluated in terms of the International Roughness Index, rut depth, and pavement surface distress in 2013 and 2017.

Influence of Cracking Damage on Deflection Basin Test Data of FWD

2014 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Qiu ◽  
Xiao Hua Luo ◽  
Qing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Falling Weight Deflectometer ◽  
Layer System ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Distribution Features ◽  
Pavement Structures ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Falling Weight ◽  
Non Destructive

With the popularization of falling weight deflectometer (FWD) to calculate the stiffness related parameters of the pavement structures, non-destructive evaluation of physical properties and performance of pavements has taken a new direction. FWD backcalculation is mathematically an inverse problem that could be solved either by deterministic or by probabilistic approach. A review of the currently used backcalculation procedures indicates that the calculation is generally based on a homogeneous, continuous, and linear elastic multi-layer system. Identifying effective data of dynamic deflection basins seems to be an important task for performing modulus backcalculation. Therefore, the main objective of this paper was to discuss the distribution features of dynamic deflection basins of asphalt pavements with crack distresses, and present the reasonable criteria to filter the testing data of FWD deflection basins. Finally, the study aims to validate the established criteria by conducting in-situ case study.

scholarly journals Influence of variability of water content in different states on electromagnetic waves parameters affecting accuracy of GPR measurements of asphalt and concrete pavements

2019 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 06012
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Wutke ◽  
Anna Lejzerowicz ◽  
Wioletta Jackiewicz-Rek ◽  
Andrzej Garbacz
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Propagation Speed ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability

In the paper a water content effect in various states on the variability of the electromagnetic waves parameters is discussed. This variation can affect accuracy and repeatability of asphalt and concrete pavement thickness estimation with GPR method. In case of asphalt pavements, tests were carried out using the air-coupled 1.0 GHz antenna and included three approaches: two on asphalt road and one of asphalt slabs. In the case of concrete slabs, tests were carried out using a ground-coupled 1.6 GHz antenna on two slabs: reinforced and unreinforced. A high variability of the electromagnetic wave parameters was observed depending on moisture conditions. The increase in the humidity of the medium causes a reduction in the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave (increasing the dielectric constant of the medium), increasing of waves time propagation, decreasing of reflection amplitude and increasing of frequency attenuation, which should be considered when determining the thicknesses of the construction layers. Studies showed that not always higher air humidity, atmospheric precipitation and consequently wet surface indicate a higher dielectric constant of the medium. It can be concluded that not only the humidity and ambient temperature affect the change in the dielectric constant, but also other factors not resulting from the construction of the pavement as well as material microstructure.

Long-term Performance of Fiber Grid Reinforced Asphalt Pavements Overlaid on Old Concrete Pavements

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Ju Myeong Lee ◽  
Seung Beom Baek ◽  
Kang Hoon Lee ◽  
Jo Soon Kim ◽  
Jin Hoon Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

Design, Evaluation and Performance Analysis of Staged Low Emission Combustors

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gajanana B. Hegde ◽  
Bhupendra Khandelwal ◽  
Vishal Sethi ◽  
Riti Singh
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Theoretical Design ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
And Performance

The most uncertain and challenging part in the design of a gas turbine has long been the combustion chamber. There has been large number of experimentations in industries and universities alike to better understand the dynamic and complex processes that occur inside a combustion chamber. This study concentrates on gas turbine combustors as a whole, and formulates a theoretical design procedure for staged combustors in particular. Not much of literatures available currently in public domain provide intensive study on designing staged combustors. The work covers an extensive study of design methods applied in conventional combustor designs, which includes the reverse flow combustor and the axial flow annular combustors. The knowledge acquired from this study is then applied to develop a theoretical design methodology for double staged (radial and axial) low emission annular combustors. Additionally a model combustor is designed for each type; radial and axial staging using the developed methodology. A prediction of the performance for the model combustors is executed. The main conclusion is that the dimensions of model combustors obtained from the developed design methodology are within the feasibility limits. The comparison between the radially staged and the axially staged combustor has yielded the predicted results such as lower NOx prediction for the latter and shorter combustor length for the former. The NOx emission result of the new combustor models are found to be in the range of 50–60ppm. However the predicted NOx results are only very crude and need further detailed study.

scholarly journals Survival Analysis of Fatigue and Rutting Failures in Asphalt Pavements

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pabitra Rajbongshi ◽  
Sonika Thongram
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Failure Time ◽  
Dependent Random Variable ◽  
Survival Function ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Rate Period ◽  
Pavement Structures ◽  
Probability Density Function Pdf

Fatigue and rutting are two primary failure mechanisms in asphalt pavements. The evaluations of fatigue and rutting performances are significantly uncertain due to large uncertainties involved with the traffic and pavement life parameters. Therefore, deterministically it is inadequate to predict when an in-service pavement would fail. Thus, the deterministic failure time which is known as design life (yr) of pavement becomes random in nature. Reliability analysis of such time (t) dependent random variable is the survival analysis of the structure. This paper presents the survival analysis of fatigue and rutting failures in asphalt pavement structures. It is observed that the survival of pavements with time can be obtained using the bathtub concept that contains a constant failure rate period and an increasing failure rate period. The survival function (S(t)), probability density function (pdf), and probability distribution function (PDF) of failure time parameter are derived using bathtub analysis. It is seen that the distribution of failure time follows three parametric Weibull distributions. This paper also works out to find the most reliable life (YrR) of pavement sections corresponding to any reliability level of survivability.

Effects of construction cracks on the design of asphalt pavements

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Abd El Halim ◽  
A. G. Razaqpur ◽  
A. H. El Kashef
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Steel Wheel ◽  
Asphalt Mix ◽  
Pavement Structures ◽  
Stress Fatigue ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

Compaction of asphalt mix has been recognized as one of the most important factors that affect the long-term performance of the pavement. Problems experienced in compacting asphalt mixes have generally been ascribed to the mix. Roller "checking," the result of compaction with steel rollers, has been disregarded or considered as irrelevant. Compaction based on a new concept, using a soft plate, avoids roller checking, as demonstrated by a series of side-by-side field tests with steel and pneumatic rollers. The surface cracks initiated by the steel wheel roller may provide an explanation for the often reported phenomenon of early deterioration of asphalt pavements. Finite element analyses of pavement structures with roller-induced cracks have shown significantly higher tensile stresses than the corresponding stresses in otherwise identical uncracked pavements. The analytical findings are supported by indirect tensile and stress fatigue tests results obtained in the laboratory from asphalt samples compacted in the field. The test samples were recovered from pavements compacted either by existing compaction equipment and technique or by the new soft plate method. Key words: asphalt, crack, compaction, fatigue, finite element, tensile strength testing, pavement.

scholarly journals Deterioration of modern concrete structures and asphalt pavements by respiratory action and trace quantities of organic matter

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0249761
Author(s):  
Akihiro Moriyoshi ◽  
Eiji Shibata ◽  
Masahito Natsuhara ◽  
Kiyoshi Sakai ◽  
Takashi Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Snow Melting ◽  
Concrete Damage ◽  
Amine Compounds ◽  
Peeling Off

In concrete structures (concrete), damage from cracks, deterioration, amorphization, and delamination occur in some structures, causing disaggregation (concrete changed to very fine particles) and hollowing out of the concrete. In concrete pavements, damage from large amounts of pop-out of aggregate occurs from the surface of the concrete pavement 4–5 hours after spraying of snow melting agent on the surface of the pavement. The damage from disaggregation, blistering, cracks, and peeling-off of a surface course have also been observed in asphalt runways and highways. The damage from disaggregation, cracks and pop-out of aggregate in asphalt pavements and concrete structures have long been seen as strange and unexpected and have defied explanation. As a result of examinations in various experiments, it was concluded that all of the unexplained kinds of damage of both asphalt pavements and concrete structures were caused by Trace Quantities of Organic Matter (TQOM), Air Entrained (AE) water reducing agent in air and/or cement, and surfactant in snow melting agent. The emission sources of TQOM and these organic substances were also identified by chemical analysis for these unexpected and unexplained phenomena. The TQOM includes phthalate compounds (phthalates in the following), amine compounds, phosphate compounds, snow melting agent and Sodium Polyoxyethylene Nonyl phenyl Ether Sulfate (SPNES). SPNES is a surfactant in windshield washer fluid for automobiles. We found that the water content and content of organic matter in damaged asphalt pavements and concrete structures are also important indicators for the damage. Further, a new evaluation method for amorphization was proposed in this study and it appears suitable for evaluating the safety of concrete structures along roads which were exposed to TQOM in severely air-polluted environments.

scholarly journals Influence of Compressive, Tensile and Fatigue Stresses on Asphalt and Concrete Cement Road Pavements in Nigeria - Using Linear Elastic Theory

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
J. E. Ogbezode ◽  
A. I. Adeleke ◽  
A. S. Adebayo
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Fatigue Cycle ◽  
Traffic Loading ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Pavement Structures ◽  
Fundamental Equations

The high brittle nature of pavement structures have been  carefully examined based on compressive, tensile strain and the harsh effects of fatigue cycle with reference to the base layer thicknesses and elastic strains during and after construction were examined. Subjection of asphalt and concrete-cement pavements to traffic loading and tyre pressure also influences the vertical stress and strain values for the asphalt and concrete materials under the same axial loading conditions. Using various fundamental equations under linear elastic conditions for the analysis of Asphalt and Concrete Cement structure revealed that both materials do respond differently to compressive and tensile stresses under similar mechanical conditions. Effect of compressive stresses and strains on concrete pavement is larger compare to asphalt pavement due to large thickness sub-base layer of its pavement structure. Both pavement layer thicknesses are independent of fatigue cycle under harsh traffic loading. Thus, concrete pavement has shown better fatigue resistance and less tensile strain values than asphalt pavements due to high pavement layer thickness regardless of the load distribution.

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