Probabilistic Modeling of Dynamic Modulus Master Curves for Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixtures

2015 ◽  
Vol 2507 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noura Sirine Kahil ◽  
Shadi S. Najjar ◽  
Ghassan Chehab
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Shift Factor ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Reduced Frequency ◽  
The Mean

Since the introduction of the dynamic modulus E* concept in the recent Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guide, there has been considerable interest in establishing reliable prediction models for E*. An investigation of the effectiveness of commonly used predictive models shows that E* predictions exhibit significant scatter around the measured values, with percentage of errors reaching about 6200%. A need exists for characterizing the uncertainties that are inherent in E* to serve as input to any future robust reliability analysis that aims at properly determining the probability of unsatisfactory performance of asphalt pavement systems. The primary objective of this study was to present a probabilistic model that would allow the user to determine a priori probability distribution for E* given knowledge about temperature and frequency. The seven-parameter model was based on the sigmoidal function and the shift factor that related reduced frequency to real frequency and temperature. The model was calibrated on the basis of a well-known published database that included 7,400 laboratory measurements of E* for 346 asphalt mixes. Monte Carlo simulations were used to propagate the uncertainties in the seven model parameters and determine realistic estimates of the mean, coefficient of variation, and probability distribution of E* at different frequencies and temperatures. Results showed that E* could be modeled by using a lognormal distribution with a mean that was estimated from the mean values of the parameters and a coefficient of variation that varied from a minimum of 0.55 for high values of reduced frequency to a maximum of 1.55 for lower values of reduced frequency.

scholarly journals The statistical impact of experimental result scatter of asphalt mixtures on their numerical modelling

2019 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 05014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezary Szydłowski ◽  
Jarosław Górski ◽  
Marcin Stienss ◽  
Łukasz Smakosz
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Test Outcomes

The paper presents selected test results of asphalt mixture conducted in low temperatures. The obtained parameters are highly diverse. It concerns ultimate breaking loads, stiffness parameters related to Young's modulus but also the fracture course. Statistical analysis upon the results makes it possible to relevantly estimate the material-defining parameter values. Such a random approach leads to the mean values of breaking and fracture-triggering loads, dealing with their dispersion too. The estimated parameters allow to form appropriate numerical models of asphalt mixture specimens. This type of analysis supports the laboratory tests. The paper presents the authors' simplified model considering non-uniform material features. The results reflect the scatter of real laboratory test outcomes. In order to do so an algorithm to calibrate the numerical model parameters was created.

scholarly journals Study of warm inflationary models and their parameter estimation from CMB

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (08) ◽  
pp. 2050055
Author(s):  
Richa Arya ◽  
Raghavan Rangarajan
Keyword(s):  
Model Building ◽  
Numerical Code ◽  
Index Formula ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Microwave Background ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Warm Inflation ◽  
Inflationary Phase ◽  
The Mean

Warm inflation is a natural and well-motivated description of cosmic inflation which accounts for the inflaton dissipation and radiation production during the inflationary phase, neglected in the standard cold description. It results in crucial differences in the imprints on the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation from the standard cold description. In this study, we consider warm inflation models with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] potentials and estimate their model parameters consistent with CMB using the CosmoMC numerical code. These models are characterized by the inflaton self coupling, [Formula: see text], and the dissipation parameter, [Formula: see text], due to the inflaton’s dissipation into the other fields. Therefore, information about these physical parameters is essential from the perspective of the model building. In our analysis, we also calculate the spectral index, [Formula: see text], and the tensor-to-scalar ratio, [Formula: see text], for the mean values of the parameters and show that for the weak dissipative regime, [Formula: see text], is within the sensitivity of the next generation CMB polarization experiments, which is an important observational test for these models.

Validity of the Consensus Mean as the Target Value for a Small External Quality Assessment Scheme

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J Georges
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
External Quality Assessment ◽  
External Quality ◽  
External Quality Assessment Scheme ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Consensus Mean ◽  
The Mean

Data from 2 years' operation of an External Quality Assessment Scheme covering 14 analytes and with some 60 participants is presented. Following the trimming of discrepant results and statistical ‘outliers' (outside the range of ±3 SD from the mean), there was generally close agreement between consensus mean values for a specimen analysed on different occasions, by different groups of laboratories, or when using different analytical methods. An improvement in performance, indicated by a reduction in the average inter-laboratory coefficient of variation was found for 11 of the 14 analytes over the 2-year period.

scholarly journals Corrigendum to ``Descriptive Measures of Poisson-Lomax Distribution''

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-353
Author(s):  
Khushnoor Khan
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Programming Language ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Lomax Distribution ◽  
Mathematical Properties ◽  
The Mean

This corrigendum focuses on the correction of numerical results derived from Poisson-Lomax Distribution (PLD) originally proposed by Al-Zahrani & Sagor (2014). Though the mathematical properties and derivations by Al-Zahrani & Sagor (2014) were immaculate but during the execution ofthe R codes using Monte Carlo simulation some anomalies occurred in the calculation of the mean values. The same  anomalies are addressed in thepresent corrigendum. The outcome of the corrigendum will provide basic guidelines for the academia and reviewers of various journals to match thenumerical results with the shape of the probability distribution under study. The results will also emphasize the fact that code writing is a cumbersome process and due diligence be exercised in executing the codes using any programming language. Relevant R codes are appended in Appendix 'A'.

Mean Entropies

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 289-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. Lavenda
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Generating Functions ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Translation Invariance ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Weighted Arithmetic ◽  
Discrete Sample ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Increasing Functions

Entropies are expressed in terms of mean values, and not as weighted arithmetic means of their generating functions, which result in pseudo-additive entropies. The Shannon entropy corresponds to the logarithm of the inverse of the geometric mean, while the Rényi entropy, more generally, to the logarithm of the inverse of power means of order τ < 1. Translation invariance of the means relates to mean code lengths, while their homogeneity translates them into entropies: the arithmetic and exponential means correspond to the Shannon and Rényi entropies, respectively, under the Kraft equality. While under the Kraft inequality, the entropies are lower bounds to the mean code lengths. Means of any order cannot be expressed as escort averages because such averages contradict the fact that the means are monotonically increasing functions of their order. Exponential entropies are shown to be measures of the extent of a distribution. The probability measure and the incomplete probability distribution are shown to be the ranges of continuous and discrete sample spaces, respectively. Comparison is made with Boltzmann's principle.

Chemical Determination of Niacinamide in Multivitamin Preparations

1968 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 828-834
Author(s):  
Omer Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Microbiological Method ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Third ◽  
Collaborative Studies ◽  
Chemical Determination ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The AOAC method and the Pelletier and Campbell method for the assay of niacinamide in multivitamin preparations were compared in two collaborative studies. In the first study, three multivitamin sirup preparations were analyzed by six laboratories; the proposed method gave higher results for two preparations but lower results for the third. In the second study, four types of multivitamin preparations were analyzed; twelve laboratories reported on the chemical methods and three laboratories on the microbiological method. There was no difference in the mean values for two types of samples, but one sample of multivitamin tablets yielded mean values about 5% lower by the proposed method, suggesting the presence of a trace of niacin; with a multivitamin and mineral sirup the proposed method gave values about 6% higher than the AOAC method and 3% lower than the microbiological assay. The coefficient of variation for any sample in any laboratory by the AOAC method was about 14% in the first study and 1 1% in the second study; by the proposed method it was 4 and 9% in the same respective studies. It is recommended that the present AOAC method be modified by adjusting the pH of sample hydrolysates in the range of 2.5—4.5 instead of 7—9 to reduce the absorhance of the blanks, and that the method of Pelletier and Campbell be adopted as official, first action.

scholarly journals A Clinical Evaluation of the Hemocue Haemoglobinometer using Capillary, Venous and Arterial Samples

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. Chen ◽  
T. G. Short ◽  
D. H. Y. Leung ◽  
T. E. Oh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Sample ◽  
Rapid Estimation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

The ‘Hemocue’ device for rapid estimation of haemoglobin concentration was evaluated in a clinical setting. Repeatable accuracy of capillary, venous and arterial samples was examined and then compared with standard laboratory venous haemoglobin estimates using a ‘Coulter JT analyser in 42 patients. The mean values for haemoglobin (g/l) and coefficient of variation were capillary 108.2 (8.0); venous 104.9 (2.2); arterial 105.9 (2.0); and laboratory venous 104.6 (1.3). Although the mean haemoglobin values were similar, capillary samples were significantly less repeatable than venous or arterial samples (Pitman test, P < 0.001). Comparison of variance between the laboratory sample and each sampling technique demonstrated that capillary samples were significantly more variable than venous or arterial samples. Peripheral skin temperature did not influence the accuracy of capillary samples. Hemocue estimations of venous samples were found to be as accurate as laboratory estimations. The lack of repeatable accuracy of capillary estimations was sufficiently large that their use cannot be recommended in clinical practice.

A statistical approach to traffic loading on highway bridges

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Harman ◽  
A. G. Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Structural Effects ◽  
Traffic Loading ◽  
Simulation Procedure ◽  
Traffic Jams ◽  
Live Loads ◽  
The Mean

A study of the structural effects caused by traffic loading on highway bridges is presented. The objective is to provide guidance for the selection and calibration of the highway live loads, which are specified for design. Bridge loading events with one, two, …, five trucks present are simulated separately in five categories. The results are combined to form a probability distribution for each effect. The idealized trucks used in the simulation procedure are mathematical models of 6380 trucks that were weighed and measured during the 1975 truck survey in Ontario. For each effect, the mean largest value and the corresponding coefficient of variation are calculated based on two traffic densities. The largest effects caused by truck queues in traffic jams are predicted also.The effects are divided into three groups based on their sensitivity to multiple presence. For the first and third groups, the largest effects are caused by loading events with one truck and a queue of trucks respectively. For the second group, loading events with two trucks present may be the dominant cause of large effects. In the calibration process the magnitudes of live loads are adjusted in order that their application causes effects approximately proportional to mean largest effects.

scholarly journals SOFT FRUIT PAYMENT AS AN INSTRUMENT OF THE EU’S COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY AND CHANGES IN PRODUCTION AND PURCHASE PRICES OF RASPBERRIES AND STRAWBERRIES IN POLAND

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (4) ◽  
pp. 194-203
Author(s):  
Sylwia Kierczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Soft Fruit ◽  
Test Of Significance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dependent Samples

The article presents the instruments of the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy for the fruit and vegetable market. It provides a detailed analysis of the mechanism of support for soft fruit producers, which was introduced in Poland in 2008. Changes in the area of plantations of raspberries and strawberries, the yield of these fruits and the variability of purchase prices for processing were examined in two periods: 2008-2014 and an equal period before the introduction of this instrument (2001-2007). The index of changes and coefficient of variation were calculated to determine changes in the traits under analysis. The significance of differences in the mean values of the analysed parameters (area, yield, prices) in selected periods was determined by means of the test of significance of differences for dependent samples. Analysis showed that the area of plantations, yield and average purchase prices of raspberries had increased significantly (p < 0.05). There were minimal changes in the plantation area and yield of strawberries. The average purchase prices of strawberries increased, but these changes were not statistically significant. The coefficients of variation in the purchase prices of strawberries and raspberries for processing decreased after the introduction of soft fruit subsidies (2008-2014), in comparison with the period before the introduction of the payments, indicating a stabilisation of prices. However, it is not possible to make a clear association between the introduction of soft fruit subsidies and the stabilisation of purchase prices of strawberries and raspberries for processing.

Articulatory Behavior Pre and Post Full-Mouth Tooth Extraction and Alveoloplasty

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 630-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Zimmermann ◽  
J.A. Scott Kelso ◽  
Larry Lander
Keyword(s):  
Control Subject ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Articulatory Movements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
Normal Speech

High speed cinefluorography was used to track articulatory movements preceding and following full-mouth tooth extraction and alveoloplasty in two subjects. Films also were made of a control subject on two separate days. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of dramatically altering the structural dimensions of the oral cavity on the kinematic parameters of speech. The results showed that the experimental subjects performed differently pre and postoperatively though the changes were in different directions for the two subjects. Differences in both means and variabilities of kinematic parameters were larger between days for the experimental (operated) subjects than for the control subject. The results for the Control subject also showed significant differences in the mean values of kinematic variables between days though these day-to-day differences could not account for the effects found pre- and postoperatively. The results of the kinematic analysis, particularly the finding that transition time was most stable over the experimental conditions for the operated subjects, are used to speculate about the coordination of normal speech.

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