Copula-Based Joint Discrete–Continuous Model of Road Vehicle Type and Shipment Size

2017 ◽  
Vol 2610 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elnaz Irannezhad ◽  
Carlo G. Prato ◽  
Mark Hickman ◽  
Afshin Shariat Mohaymany
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Model ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
Urban Freight ◽  
Vehicle Type ◽  
Light Trucks ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Joint Decisions ◽  
Logistics Process ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Afternoon Peak

A major issue in freight modeling is the interrelationship between logistics choices that can be seen as a learning process that shippers or carriers undertake to optimize their logistics process, with the aim of minimizing their cost, maximizing their level of service, or both. This study looked at the interrelated decisions of vehicle type choice and shipment size in urban freight transportation by formulating a model that considered ( a) the nature of these two dependent variables via a joint discrete–continuous model, ( b) the correlation between the two decisions via a copula-based approach, ( c) the differences in decision making between carriers and shippers via the estimation of two models, and ( d) the relaxation of the assumption of pure utility maximization via a hybrid utility–regret specification. Results show differences between shippers’ and carriers’ preferences. These differences were logical because many urban shippers owned an efficient fleet of commercial vehicles, whereas carriers evaluated alternatives to maximize their aggregated utility and minimize their direct costs. Results also show the importance of considering jointly the two decisions as well as the relevance of using a hybrid utility–regret formulation for the cost. Practical findings emerge from the model: ( a) when faced with night delivery and intercity trips, carriers were more likely to use heavier vehicles and more voluminous shipments, whereas smaller shipments were preferred during the afternoon peak hour; ( b) urban shippers tended to deliver larger shipments during night by light trucks but preferred trailers for longer distances; and ( c) commodity types played a role in these joint decisions because some commodities were more likely to be transported by for-hire carriers and others were more likely to be transported by shippers.

scholarly journals Analysis of Operational Efficiencies and Costs for Extracting Thinned Woods in Small-Scale Forestry, Nasunogahara Area, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Aruga
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Costs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Light Truck ◽  
Operation Costs ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Light Trucks ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Manual Extraction ◽  
Truck Transportation

In this study, two operational methodologies to extract thinned woods were investigated in the Nasunogahara area, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. Methodology one included manual extraction and light truck transportation. Methodology two included mini-forwarder forwarding and four-ton truck transportation. Furthermore, a newly introduced chipper was investigated. As a result, costs of manual extractions within 10 m and 20 m were JPY942/m3 and JPY1040/m3, respectively. On the other hand, the forwarding cost of the mini-forwarder was JPY499/m3, which was significantly lower than the cost of manual extractions. Transportation costs with light trucks and four-ton trucks were JPY7224/m3 and JPY1298/m3, respectively, with 28 km transportation distances. Chipping operation costs were JPY1036/m3 and JPY1160/m3 with three and two persons, respectively. Finally, the total costs of methodologies one and two from extraction within 20 m to chipping were estimated as JPY9300/m3 and JPY2833/m3, respectively, with 28 km transportation distances and three-person chipping operations (EUR1 = JPY126, as of 12 August 2020).

Reimagining the Humble but Mighty Pen: Quality Measurement and Naturalistic Decision Making

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric C. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Pay For Performance ◽  
Quality Measurement ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Naturalistic Decision Making ◽  
Joint Decisions ◽  
The Cost

Much of the health system’s avoidable spending may be driven by doctors’ decision making. Past studies demonstrated potentially consequential and costly inconsistencies between the actual decisions that clinicians make in daily practice and optimal evidence-based decisions. This commentary examines the “best practices regimen” through the lens of the quality measurement movement.  Although quality measures have proliferated via public reporting and pay-for-performance programs, evidence for their impact on quality of care is scant; the cost of care has continued to rise; and the environment for clinical decisions may not have improved. Naturalistic decision making offers a compelling alternative conceptual frame for quality measurement. An alternative quality measurement system could build on insights from naturalistic decision making to optimize doctors’ and patients’ joint decisions, improve patients’ health outcomes, and perhaps slow the growth of health care spending in the future.

A Financial Worksheet for Computing the Cost (¢/kWh) of Solar Electricity Generated at Grid Connected Photovoltaic (PV) Generating Plants

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Stavy
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Levelized Cost ◽  
Solar Plant ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Solar Electricity ◽  
The Cost

This paper discusses the technical, financial, and economic principles underlying the levelized cost method of computing the cost of solar electricity. Topics include the levelized cost method, solar radiation, solar panel efficiency, depreciation, cost of capital, fixed and variable operating and maintenance costs, and taxes. The paper includes the worksheet, “Levelized Cost Worksheet for a 1 kW Solar Electric Generating Plant.” Its benchmark values are for a model solar plant located in Chicago, IL. The paper discusses these benchmark values as it analyzes the worksheet’s constants (capacity-1 kW, 8,760 hr/yr), independent variables (capital cost-$/kW, cost of capital-%, physical life-yr, standard sun hours, fixed and variable O & M expense), and dependent variables (capital amortization expense, capacity factor, cost of solar electricity).

Urban Commercial Vehicle Movement Model for Calgary, Alberta, Canada

2005 ◽  
Vol 1921 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Stefan ◽  
J. D. P. McMillan ◽  
J. D. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
Movement Model ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Monte Carlo Techniques ◽  
Vehicle Type ◽  
Vehicle Movement

Commercial vehicle movements compose perhaps 15% of all urban vehicle trips and produce large impacts in key areas, such as congestion, emissions, road wear, and industrial area traffic. A system for modeling such movements was developed for Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It is a novel application of an agent-based microsimulation framework that uses a tour-based approach and emphasizes important elements of urban commercial movement, including the role of service delivery, light commercial vehicles, and trip chaining. The microsimulation uses Monte Carlo techniques to assign tour purpose, vehicle type, next-stop purpose, next-stop location, and next-stop duration. Tours are “grown” with a return-to-establishment alternative within the next-stop purpose allocation, which is consistent with the nature of tour making in urban commercial movements. The Monte Carlo probabilities are established with the use of a series of logit models, with coefficients estimated on the basis of observed behavior of different commercial movement segments. The estimation results in themselves provide insights into the revealed behavior that have not been available previously.

scholarly journals A copula-based joint multinomial discrete–continuous model of vehicle type choice and miles of travel

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Spissu ◽  
Abdul Rawoof Pinjari ◽  
Ram M. Pendyala ◽  
Chandra R. Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Model ◽  
Vehicle Type ◽  
Vehicle Type Choice

scholarly journals Nilai Objek Wisata Air Terjun Way Lalaan Provinsi Lampung Dengan Metode Biaya Perjalanan (Travel Cost)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Jenny Sartika Sihotang ◽  
Christine Wulandari ◽  
Susni Herwanti
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Average Cost ◽  
Linear Analysis ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Travel Costs ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Future Management

Attraction Waterfall Way Lalaan is one form of environmental services are less developed but has significant economic potential if managed properly. It is therefore necessary to study with the aim of determining the value of the waterfall attraction Way Lalaan visitor characteristics and determine the effect on travel expenses. Benefits of the research results are used as consideration in future management of this attraction. The study was conducted in March-April 2013 with as many as 96 respondents with direct interviews with travel costs were proxied visitors. Determination results of visitor travel expenses will be tested using multiple linear analysis with Minitab 16 software.The results showed the cost of travel for visitors Rp.16.284.500/orang/kali visit. The average cost of a trip Rp.203.104 person / visit. Recreational value of Rp. 487 449 600/year. Variables outside the province, age and marital status simultaneously have a real influence on the cost of the trip. The value of the standard deviation (S) is Rp.151.589. The amount of influence the dependent variables simultaneously (R-Sq) was 61.9% and R-Sq (adj) which means the amount fluctuates depending on the variables influence the correlation of independent variables were added to a dependent variable is equal to 54.8%, while 45.2 % influenced by other variables.

scholarly journals The method of rational organization of maintenance of light commercial vehicles of foreign production using specialized diagnostic tools at the motor transport company in cooperation with the branded service stations

2021 ◽  
Vol 341 ◽  
pp. 00056
Author(s):  
Vladimir Sarbaev ◽  
Adolf Boldin ◽  
Veniamin Bogumil ◽  
Antonina Chusova
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
Service Station ◽  
Maintenance And Repair ◽  
Motor Transport ◽  
Foreign Production ◽  
Service Stations ◽  
Rational Organization ◽  
The Cost

The article describes a method of rational organization of maintenance and repair of light commercial vehicles of foreign production using specialized diagnostic tools with the diagnosis in cooperation with branded service stations (BSS). The main purpose of using technical diagnostics tools is to reduce the time losses that occur when sending vehicles for maintenance, and to reduce the cost of maintenance and repair of foreign-made trucks undergoing maintenance and repair at a motor transport company (MTC) and at branded service stations. A simulation model is used as a tool for assessing the economic efficiency of various options for cooperation between a motor transport enterprise and a branded service station when performing maintenance and repair of light commercial vehicles of foreign production. The objective function of the simulation model contains components that estimate the loss of profit from the downtime of vehicles in the maintenance and repair area and the cost of organizing maintenance at the enterprise in cooperation with the company’s service station. A comparative analysis of each variant of the organization of cooperation is carried out with and without taking into account the use of diagnostics. The currentness of the described methodology is explained by the fact that in the field of production of services for maintenance and repair of light commercial vehicles, fundamental changes have occurred, caused by a change in the form of ownership of both transport enterprises and maintenance and repair enterprises. In addition, the widespread use of foreign-made light trucks has led to the emergence of branded service stations that have licenses to service and repair foreign cars during the warranty period. This circumstance fundamentally changes the scheme of servicing these vehicles and increases the downtime of expensive foreign-made cars for organizational reasons.

Analyzing the diffusion of eco-friendly vans for urban freight distribution

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1218-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Corinna Cagliano ◽  
Antonio Carlin ◽  
Giulio Mangano ◽  
Carlo Rafele
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Urban Freight ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Diffusion Dynamics ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
Market Saturation ◽  
Charging Stations

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the diffusion dynamics of electric and hybrid commercial vans and its enabling factors in the city logistics (CL) contexts. The case of parcel delivery in Torino, Italy, is considered. Attention is paid to the influence on the choice of low impact vehicles of not only public strategies but also operational aspects characterizing urban freight distribution systems. Design/methodology/approach A System Dynamics model based on the Bass diffusion theory computes the number of adopters of low-emission vehicles together with the quantity of vans required and the associated economic savings. The model includes variables about freight demand, delivery frequency, van carrying capacity, routes, stops, distances traveled, and vehicle charging stations. A sensitivity analysis has been completed to identify the main diffusion levers. The focus is on advertising and other drivers, such as public contributions, taxes traditional polluting vehicles are subjected to, as well as on routing optimization strategies. Findings Advertising programs, green image, and word-of-mouth drive market saturation, although in a long time period. In fact, low-impact vehicles do not offer any economic advantage over traditional ones requiring higher investment and operating costs. Public incentives to purchase both green vehicles and charging stations, together with carbon taxes and a congestion charge affecting polluting vehicles, are able to shorten the adoption time. In particular, public intervention reveals to be effective only when it unfolds through a number of measures that both facilitate the use of environmentally friendly vehicles and discourage the adoption of traditional commercial vans. Route optimization also hastens the complete market saturation. Research limitations/implications This work fosters research about the mutual relationships between the diffusion of low-emission commercial vehicles and the operational and contextual CL factors. It provides a structured approach for investigating the feasibility of innovative good vehicles that might be part of assessments of CL measures and requirements. Finally, the model supports studies about the cooperation among stakeholders to identify effective commercial vehicle fleets. Practical implications This study fosters collaboration among CL players by providing a roadmap to identify the key factors for the diffusion of environmentally friendly freight vehicles. It also enables freight carriers to assess the operational and economic feasibility of adopting low-impact vehicles. Finally, it might assist public authorities in capturing the effects of new urban transportation policies prior to their implementation. Originality/value Most of the current CL literature defines policies and analyzes their effects. Also, there are several contributions on the diffusion of low emission cars. The present study is one of the first works on the diffusion of low-impact commercial vehicles in urban areas by considering the associated key operational factors. A further value is that the proposed model combines operational variables with economic and environmental issues.

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