A Financial Worksheet for Computing the Cost (¢/kWh) of Solar Electricity Generated at Grid Connected Photovoltaic (PV) Generating Plants

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Stavy

This paper discusses the technical, financial, and economic principles underlying the levelized cost method of computing the cost of solar electricity. Topics include the levelized cost method, solar radiation, solar panel efficiency, depreciation, cost of capital, fixed and variable operating and maintenance costs, and taxes. The paper includes the worksheet, “Levelized Cost Worksheet for a 1 kW Solar Electric Generating Plant.” Its benchmark values are for a model solar plant located in Chicago, IL. The paper discusses these benchmark values as it analyzes the worksheet’s constants (capacity-1 kW, 8,760 hr/yr), independent variables (capital cost-$/kW, cost of capital-%, physical life-yr, standard sun hours, fixed and variable O & M expense), and dependent variables (capital amortization expense, capacity factor, cost of solar electricity).

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Jenny Sartika Sihotang ◽  
Christine Wulandari ◽  
Susni Herwanti

Attraction Waterfall Way Lalaan is one form of environmental services are less developed but has significant economic potential if managed properly. It is therefore necessary to study with the aim of determining the value of the waterfall attraction Way Lalaan visitor characteristics and determine the effect on travel expenses. Benefits of the research results are used as consideration in future management of this attraction. The study was conducted in March-April 2013 with as many as 96 respondents with direct interviews with travel costs were proxied visitors. Determination results of visitor travel expenses will be tested using multiple linear analysis with Minitab 16 software.The results showed the cost of travel for visitors Rp.16.284.500/orang/kali visit. The average cost of a trip Rp.203.104 person / visit. Recreational value of Rp. 487 449 600/year. Variables outside the province, age and marital status simultaneously have a real influence on the cost of the trip. The value of the standard deviation (S) is Rp.151.589. The amount of influence the dependent variables simultaneously (R-Sq) was 61.9% and R-Sq (adj) which means the amount fluctuates depending on the variables influence the correlation of independent variables were added to a dependent variable is equal to 54.8%, while 45.2 % influenced by other variables.


2018 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 01003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Fatimah ◽  
Wiharto Wiharto

The ozonation process of dye Acid Orange 7 (AO7), Acid Yellow 19 (AY19), and Acid Black 1 (AB1) have been performed. The experimental results predicted the magnitude of the influence of each variable by using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). This process produces predictive modeling of the variables studied. The variables studied in this ozonation process are independent variables consisting of ozone concentration (mg/L), concentration of dye (mg/L), pH and temperature (°C). The dependent variables studied were the percentage of dye decolorization. The feasibility of the prediction model used has also been tested using the t-test. Based on the prediction model, R2 values for AO7, AY19, and AB1 dyes are 0.84. 0.87, and 0.93 respectively. The analysis of the influence of the independent variables on the percentage of dye decolorization predicted that the concentration of ozone, dyestuff concentration and pH, significantly influenced the ozonation process of AO7, AY19, and AB1. In the ozonation process the temperature variables have a significant effect on AY19 and AB1, but stronger influence on AO7 ozonation process. Based on the predictions of the influence of each variable, the process in the laboratory can be optimized more effectively and efficiently, so that the cost and time factor can be reduced.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-496
Author(s):  
Tayyab Naveed ◽  
Yueqi Zhong ◽  
Yu Zhicai ◽  
Muhammad Awais Naeem ◽  
Lu Kai ◽  
...  

AbstractIn the apparel manufacturing, the fabric is the single largest element in the cost of the garment. Therefore, effectual fabric consumption causes a reduction in cost and exertions. The purpose of this research is to study the effects of fabric width on the efficiency of marker (cutting) plans. Fabric consumption is in four types for human body shapes, that is, triangle, oval, square, and circle, in both genders to control the fabric utilization. Two clothing styles, fitted trousers and fitted shirts, are manufactured in an apparel manufacturing industry. The marker plans produced through Garment Gerber Technology software are accomplished in 36 different fabric widths (independent variables). The evaluation of dependent variables, that is, marker efficiency, marker loss, and fabric consumption efficiency relevant to four body shapes in variable fabric widths is analyzed for both women and men. The statistical analysis indicates that there is a linear relationship between marker efficiency and fabric width (sig <0.05). The regression analysis (p-value) between dependent variables and predictor variables (body types and fabric width) is also statistically significant. Also, the result implies that markers are more productive with larger fabric widths in all styles in both genders.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Wardhana, MM.

This study entitled "Analysis of Effect of Climate Organization and Competence Againt Employee PT. Hutama Karya ". The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the relationship between the free variable that organizational climate (X1) and competence (X2) with the dependent variable is employee performance (Y), either partially or simultaneously, This study used survey research methods with the correlational approach and predictive, which aims for the relationship and influence between independent and dependent variables. The sampling technique can be done randomly (simple random sampling) of 852 employees, which is considered to resprentatif is 89 people. And to solve problems, to analyze and examine the relationship and influence between the independent variables on the dependent variable used models kausalistik through regression analysis with SPSS 14.0


Author(s):  
Yesi Mutia Basri ◽  
Rosliana Rosliana

This research aim to examine the influence of personal background, political background, and council budget knowledge towards the role of DPRD on region financial control. This research is motivated by the fact that individual background will effect to individual behavior on political activity. Dependent variables in this research are personal background, political background, and council budges knowledge towards the role of DPRD on region financial control Independent variables are the role of DPRD on region financial control in planning, implementing, and responsibility steps. The data in this research consist of primary data that taken from questionnaires distributed directly to respondents. The collected are from 34 Respondents that members of DPRD at Pekanbaru. Hypothesis of this research are examine by using Multivariate Analysis of Variances (MANOVA). The result of this research HI personal background political background and budget knowledge have significant influence toward the role of DPRD on region financial control in planning steps.H2 personal background, politico I background and budget knowledge have no significant influence toward the role of DPRD on region financial control in Implementing steps. H3 personal background political background and budget knowledge have no significant influence toward the role of DPRD on region financial control in Controlling steps.


Author(s):  
Ignacio Velez-Pareja ◽  
Joseph Tham
Keyword(s):  

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huong Giang (Lily) Nguyen ◽  
Xiangkang Yin ◽  
Luong Hoang Luong

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