Exploring Vehicle–Pedestrian Crash Severity Factors on the Basis of In-Car Black Box Recording Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 2659 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tai-Jin Song ◽  
Jaehyun (Jason) So ◽  
Jisun Lee ◽  
Billy M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Crash Severity ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Pedestrian Crashes

This study investigated the main factors affecting the severity of injury to pedestrians in taxi–pedestrian crashes on urban arterial roads. Video data recorded by an in-car black box were used. Because the video data provided direct crash observation, they were more reliable than the crash data, and video images and speed profiles retrieved from the black box were advantageous for safety studies. For analysis of the black box data, this study defined new explanatory variables that affected injury severity; these variables could not have been identified by the conventional method, which was based on crash reports. A multiple-indicator and multiple-cause model was used to investigate the relationship between the explanatory variables and injury severity. A total of 484 taxi–pedestrian crash scenes over 2 years was used for the multivariate analysis in the city of Incheon, South Korea. The crash characteristics most strongly associated with increased crash severity were failure by the pedestrian to watch for approaching vehicles, jaywalking by the pedestrian, the pedestrian being elderly, excessive vehicle speed, failure by the driver to immediately stop, limited driver vision, and nighttime. This study emphasized the potential of individualized black box video recording data for crash severity analysis and investigation of the causal factors of crashes.

Factors Affecting the Impression of Vehicle Speed Gained from a Video Recording

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 472-474
Author(s):  
Stuart Lines ◽  
John Searle
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Camera Lens ◽  
Accident Scene

During court hearings arising from traffic accidents, videotaped recordings are often used to give a ‘drive through’ view of the accident scene. A panel of 24 subjects evaluated the impression of speed created by such recordings. Focal length of the camera lens has a marked effect.

scholarly journals Increase in Motor Vehicle Crash Severity: An Unforeseen Consequence of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482110474
Author(s):  
Elinore J. Kaufman ◽  
Daniel Holena ◽  
George Koenig ◽  
Niels D. Martin ◽  
George O. Maish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Crash Severity ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Allocation Decisions ◽  
At Home

Introduction The 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic led to stay-at-home (SAH) orders in Pennsylvania targeted at reducing viral transmission. Limitations in population mobility under SAH have been associated with decreased motor vehicle collisions (MVC) and related injuries, but the impact of these measures on severity of injury remains unknown. The goal of this study is to measure the incidence, severity, and outcomes of MVC-related injuries associated with SAH in Pennsylvania. Materials & Methods We conducted a retrospective geospatial analysis of MVCs during the early COVID-19 pandemic using a state-wide trauma registry. We compared characteristics of patients with MVC-related injuries admitted to Pennsylvania trauma centers during SAH measures (March 21-July 31, 2020) with those from the corresponding periods in 2018 and 2019. We also compared incidence of MVCs for each zip code tabulation area (ZCTA) in Pennsylvania for the same time periods using geospatial mapping. Results Of 15,550 trauma patients treated during the SAH measures, 3486 (22.4%) resulted from MVCs. Compared to preceding years, MVC incidence decreased 10% under SAH measures with no change in mortality rate. However, in ZCTA where MVC incidence decreased, there was a 16% increase in MVC injury severity. Conclusions Stay-at-home orders issued in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania were associated with significant changes in MVC incidence and severity. Identifying such changes may inform resource allocation decisions during future pandemics or SAH events.

scholarly journals Examining Injury Severity of Pedestrians in Vehicle–Pedestrian Crashes at Mid-Blocks Using Path Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haorong Peng ◽  
Xiaoxiang Ma ◽  
Feng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Pedestrian Injury ◽  
Pedestrian Crashes

Walking is a sustainable mode of transport which has well established health and environmental benefits. Unfortunately, hundreds of thousands of pedestrians lose their lives each year over the world due to involvement in road traffic crashes, and mid-blocks witness a significant portion of pedestrian fatalities. This study examined the direct and indirect effects of various contributing factors on the pedestrian injury severity in vehicle–pedestrian crashes at mid-blocks. Data of vehicle–pedestrian crashes during 2002–2009 were extracted from the NASS-GES, with pre-crash behaviors and injury severity included. The SEM path analysis method was applied to uncover the inter-relationships between the pedestrian injury severity and various explanatory variables. Both the direct and indirect effects of these explanatory variables on the pedestrian injury severity were calculated based on the marginal effects in the multinomial and ordered logit models. The results indicate some variables including number of road lanes and the age of pedestrian have indirect impacts on the injury severity through influencing the pre-crash behaviors. Although most indirect effects are relatively small compared with the direct effects, the results in this study still provide some valuable information to improve the overall understanding of pedestrian injury severity at mid-blocks.

scholarly journals Contributing Factors to Older-Driver Injury Severity in Rural and Urban Areas

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Loshaka Perera ◽  
Sunanda Dissanayake
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Older Driver ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Road Type

Older drivers tend to be involved in more severe crashes compared to middle-aged drivers, and U.S. Census Population statistics indicate that the older-driver population is rapidly increasing. Therefore, an improvement in older-driver safety is both important and necessary. In this analysis, a statistical modeling technique was used to identify factors contributing to older-driver injury severity. Two separate models were developed for rural and urban locations, which incorporated several potential explanatory variables. Speed, gender, presence of passengers, road type and street-lighting conditions were found to be important factors affecting injury severity of older drivers on both rural and urban roads.

Analysis of Single-Vehicle Crash Injury Severities in Urban River-Crossing Road Tunnels

2015 ◽  
Vol 743 ◽  
pp. 526-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Jiang ◽  
J.J. Lu ◽  
L.J. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Road Tunnels ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Injury Severities ◽  
One Year

Based on the originally unprocessed data from the Official Platform of“110”Alarming Receiving Center (OP110ARC) of Shanghai Public Security Bureau (SPSB), 529 single-vehicle crashes reported during one year and a half which happened at the thirteen urban road tunnels going across the Huangpu River are used in this study. To investigate the factors affecting the crash influence severity levels, ordered probit regression is established. Several categories of factors are considered as explanatory variables in the models. The study finds that the entrance of the tunnels is the site where severe injury crashes trend to occur. Rainy and snowy days impose vehicles and motorists driving via the tunnel sections in danger. Tunnels with a low speed limit (40 km/h in this study) may be not as safe as we thought before. Two-wheel vehicles without sufficient physical protection for its drivers and heavy vehicles also show a negative effect on the operation safety of single-vehicle at these studied tunnels. Alcohol involved drivers are more likely to suffer from a severe crashes and gets badly hurt.

Examining Driver Injury Severity in Single-Vehicle Road Departure Crashes Involving Large Trucks

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110101
Author(s):  
Mehdi Hosseinpour ◽  
Kirolos Haleem
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
Concrete Barriers ◽  
Local Roads ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Safety Countermeasures ◽  
Injury Severities

Road departure (RD) crashes are among the most severe crashes that can result in fatal or serious injuries, especially when involving large trucks. Most previous studies neglected to incorporate both roadside and median hazards into large-truck RD crash severity analysis. The objective of this study was to identify the significant factors affecting driver injury severity in single-vehicle RD crashes involving large trucks. A random-parameters ordered probit (RPOP) model was developed using extensive crash data collected on roadways in the state of Kentucky between 2015 and 2019. The RPOP model results showed that the effect of local roadways, the natural logarithm of annual average daily traffic (AADT), the presence of median concrete barriers, cable barrier-involved collisions, and dry surfaces were found to be random across the crash observations. The results also showed that older drivers, ejected drivers, and drivers trapped in their truck were more likely to sustain severe single-vehicle RD crashes. Other variables increasing the probability of driver injury severity have included rural areas, dry road surfaces, higher speed limits, single-unit truck types, principal arterials, overturning-consequences, truck fire occurrence, segments with median concrete barriers, and roadside fixed object strikes. On the other hand, wearing seatbelt, local roads and minor collectors, higher AADT, and hitting median cable barriers were associated with lower injury severities. Potential safety countermeasures from the study findings include installing median cable barriers and flattening steep roadside embankments along those roadway stretches with high history of RD large-truck-related crashes.

scholarly journals Ongoing processes of managing consent: the empirical ethics of using video-recording in clinical practice and research

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle O'Reilly ◽  
Nicola Parker ◽  
Ian Hutchby
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Empirical Ethics ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Reflecting Team ◽  
Recording Equipment ◽  
Health Care Practice ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Sensitive Topics

Using video to facilitate data collection has become increasingly common in health research. Using video in research, however, does raise additional ethical concerns. In this paper we utilize family therapy data to provide empirical evidence of how recording equipment is treated. We show that families made a distinction between what was observed through the video by the reflecting team and what was being recorded onto videotape. We show that all parties actively negotiated what should and should not go ‘on the record’, with particular attention to sensitive topics and the responsibility of the therapist. Our findings have important implications for both clinical professionals and researchers using video data. We maintain that informed consent should be an ongoing process and with this in mind we present some arguments pertaining to the current debates in this field of health-care practice.

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