Analysis of Single-Vehicle Crash Injury Severities in Urban River-Crossing Road Tunnels

2015 ◽  
Vol 743 ◽  
pp. 526-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Jiang ◽  
J.J. Lu ◽  
L.J. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Road Tunnels ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Injury Severities ◽  
One Year

Based on the originally unprocessed data from the Official Platform of“110”Alarming Receiving Center (OP110ARC) of Shanghai Public Security Bureau (SPSB), 529 single-vehicle crashes reported during one year and a half which happened at the thirteen urban road tunnels going across the Huangpu River are used in this study. To investigate the factors affecting the crash influence severity levels, ordered probit regression is established. Several categories of factors are considered as explanatory variables in the models. The study finds that the entrance of the tunnels is the site where severe injury crashes trend to occur. Rainy and snowy days impose vehicles and motorists driving via the tunnel sections in danger. Tunnels with a low speed limit (40 km/h in this study) may be not as safe as we thought before. Two-wheel vehicles without sufficient physical protection for its drivers and heavy vehicles also show a negative effect on the operation safety of single-vehicle at these studied tunnels. Alcohol involved drivers are more likely to suffer from a severe crashes and gets badly hurt.

Examining Driver Injury Severity in Single-Vehicle Road Departure Crashes Involving Large Trucks

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110101
Author(s):  
Mehdi Hosseinpour ◽  
Kirolos Haleem
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
Concrete Barriers ◽  
Local Roads ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Safety Countermeasures ◽  
Injury Severities

Road departure (RD) crashes are among the most severe crashes that can result in fatal or serious injuries, especially when involving large trucks. Most previous studies neglected to incorporate both roadside and median hazards into large-truck RD crash severity analysis. The objective of this study was to identify the significant factors affecting driver injury severity in single-vehicle RD crashes involving large trucks. A random-parameters ordered probit (RPOP) model was developed using extensive crash data collected on roadways in the state of Kentucky between 2015 and 2019. The RPOP model results showed that the effect of local roadways, the natural logarithm of annual average daily traffic (AADT), the presence of median concrete barriers, cable barrier-involved collisions, and dry surfaces were found to be random across the crash observations. The results also showed that older drivers, ejected drivers, and drivers trapped in their truck were more likely to sustain severe single-vehicle RD crashes. Other variables increasing the probability of driver injury severity have included rural areas, dry road surfaces, higher speed limits, single-unit truck types, principal arterials, overturning-consequences, truck fire occurrence, segments with median concrete barriers, and roadside fixed object strikes. On the other hand, wearing seatbelt, local roads and minor collectors, higher AADT, and hitting median cable barriers were associated with lower injury severities. Potential safety countermeasures from the study findings include installing median cable barriers and flattening steep roadside embankments along those roadway stretches with high history of RD large-truck-related crashes.

scholarly journals Opposition in Japan to the Olympics during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takumi Kato
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
City Governments ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Mega Events ◽  
Negative Effect

AbstractLittle is known about the responses of citizens toward sporting mega-events held during a period of extended disasters, such as the 2020 Olympics held during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to clarify the factors affecting citizens’ attitudes by testing the following hypotheses: the perception of high cost, the burden on medical institutions, and high risk of infectious disease spread negatively affect attitudes, while the perception of pandemic countermeasures, economic benefits, and athletes positively affect attitudes. Based on an online survey of 800 citizens before the 2020 Olympics, the hypotheses were tested using logistic regression models with the extracted factors as the explanatory variables and the attitude toward the Olympics as the objective variable. The test results confirm the factors lineated by the hypotheses, except for the perception of high cost. The fear of a healthcare system collapse from the medical burden of dealing with an outbreak has an especially strong negative effect on the attitude toward the Olympics. These results have important implications for city governments and municipalities and suggest that they should not underestimate citizens’ perceptions and attitudes when organizing mega-events and formulating proper communication. Further, the results may offer insights for the smooth strategic planning of large-scale events during unprecedented disasters.

Linking fish and crustacean taxonomic composition with seasonal contrasts in the soft-bottom intertidal zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Gondal ◽  
S. Iqbal ◽  
U. Atique ◽  
N. U. Saher ◽  
N. A. Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Fish Species Composition ◽  
One Year ◽  
Sw Monsoon

Abstract The primary objective of this study was to investigate the seasonal fish and crustacean variations concerning taxonomic composition, species richness, and diversity in sandy beach habitat. For this purpose, we investigated the Sonmiani Hor lagoon area during four distinct seasons, i.e., northeast (NE) monsoon, pre-monsoon, south-west (SW) monsoon, and post-monsoon for one year. During each haul, the net was pulled about 100m along the beach in 0.5m depth. The results showed a strong linear correlation between the diversity index and equitability in fishes (r = 0.978). The diversity index was strong negatively correlated with the abundance and biomass (r = -0.978, -0.972, respectively). The physical attributes like sea surface water temperature and salinity showed a strong negative effect on species assemblages (r = -0.981 and -0.943, respectively). The mean air and water temperature illustrated approximately 3°C difference during NE and pre-monsoon seasons. However, salinity, pH, and electrical conductivity did not show any significant seasonal variabilities. Under the ecological indices, the fish species displayed higher diversity (H’ = 3.19) during SW monsoon, whereas the lowest diversity was observed during pre-monsoon (H’ = 1.58). The equitability and species richness, however, remained more noticeable during SW monsoon (J’ = 0.81). The total number of individuals of fish and crustaceans reached 4799 with 3813 fish individuals and 986 individuals of crustaceans. A total of 27 families of fish while five crustacean families comprising of 30 genera and 38 fish species while ten genera and 17 species of crustaceans were recorded. Liza subviridis displayed the highest abundance among the sampled fish species. In conclusion, fish species constituted a significant part of the coastal fauna in the study area. The seasonal variations displayed distinct variations in fish species composition and diversity.

scholarly journals Effects of serpentinite fertilizer on the chemical properties and enzyme activity of young spruce soils

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Błońska ◽  
Kazimierz Januszek ◽  
Stanisław Małek ◽  
Tomasz Wanic
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
One Year ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Experimental Plots

AbstractThe experimental plots used in the study were located in the middle forest zone (elevation: 900-950 m a.s.l.) on two nappes of the flysch Carpathians in southern Poland. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of serpentinite in combination with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers on selected chemical properties of the soil and activity of dehydrogenase and urease in the studied soils. All fertilizer treatments significantly enriched the tested soils in magnesium. The use of serpentinite as a fertilizer reduced the molar ratio of exchangeable calcium to magnesium, which facilitated the uptake of magnesium by tree roots due to competition between calcium and magnesium. After one year of fertilization on the Wisła experimental plot, the pH of the Ofh horizon increased, while the pH of the mineral horizons significantly decreased. Enrichment of serpentinite with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers stimulated the dehydrogenase activity in the studied organic horizon. The lack of a negative effect of the serpentinite fertilizer on enzyme activity in the spruce stand soil showed that the concentrations of the heavy metals added to the soil were not high enough to be toxic and indicated the feasibility of using this fertilizer in forestry.

Coronary endarterectomy in coronary artery disease: Factors affecting graft patency and survival

2021 ◽  
pp. 021849232110068
Author(s):  
Simon CY Chow ◽  
Jacky YK Ho ◽  
Micky WT Kwok ◽  
Takuya Fujikawa ◽  
Kevin Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Graft Patency ◽  
Complete Revascularization ◽  
Coronary Endarterectomy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Cerebrovascular Events ◽  
Obtuse Marginal ◽  
One Year

Background Coronary endarterectomy aims to improve completeness of revascularization in patients with occluded coronary vessels. The benefits of coronary endarterectomy remain uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate short-term surgical outcomes and factors affecting graft patency post-coronary endarterectomy. Methods Between 2009 and 2019, 81 consecutive patients who had coronary endarterectomy done were evaluated for their perioperative and early results. A total of 36 patients with follow-up coronary studies were included in patency analysis. Mortality rates, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, and graft patency were outcomes of interest. Survival and risk factor analysis were performed with Kaplan–Meier and logistic regression analysis. Results The average age of the cohort was 61.9 ± 9.29 years. Complete revascularization rate was 95.4% post-coronary endarterectomy. The 30-day and 1-year mortality was 2.5 and 6.2%, respectively. One-year major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events rate was 11.1%. Periprocedural myocardial infarction rate was 7.4%. Three patients required repeat revascularization within a mean follow-up duration of 49.6 ± 36.5 months. Overall graft patency was 89.2% at 20.2 months and graft patency post-coronary endarterectomy was 85.4%. Arterial grafts showed 100% patency. Vein grafts to endarterectomized obtuse marginal branch had patency rates of 33.3%. Multiple endarterectomies were associated with worse one-year major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (OR: 28.6 ± 1.16; P = 0.003). Conclusions Coronary endarterectomy facilitates completeness of revascularization and does not increase early mortality. Graft patency post-coronary endarterectomy on obtuse marginal artery was suboptimal. Judicious use of coronary endarterectomy should be practiced to balance the need of completeness of revascularization against the risk of myocardial infarction.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of the Barbary Partridge (Alectoris barbara) in Sardinia explained by land use and climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianpasquale Chiatante ◽  
Marta Giordano ◽  
Anna Vidus Rosin ◽  
Oreste Sacchi ◽  
Alberto Meriggi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Distance Sampling ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
European Population ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Brood Rearing ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Study Sites

AbstractMore than half of the European population of the Barbary Partridge is in Sardinia; nonetheless, the researches concerning this species are very scarce, and its conservation status is not defined because of a deficiency of data. This research aimed to analyse the habitat selection and the factors affecting the abundance and the density of the Barbary Partridge in Sardinia. We used the data collected over 8 years (between 2004 and 2013) by spring call counts in 67 study sites spread on the whole island. We used GLMM to define the relationships between the environment (topography, land use, climate) both the occurrence and the abundance of the species. Moreover, we estimated population densities by distance sampling. The Barbary Partridge occurred in areas at low altitude with garrigue and pastures, avoiding woodlands and sparsely vegetated areas. We found a strong relationship between the occurrence probability and the climate, in particular, a positive relation with temperature and a negative effect of precipitation, especially in April–May, during brood rearing. Furthermore, dry crops positively affected the abundance of the species. We estimated a density of 14.1 partridges per km2, similar to other known estimates. Our findings are important both because they increase the knowledge concerning this species, which is considered data deficient in Italy, and because they are useful to plan management actions aimed to maintain viable populations if necessary.

scholarly journals Should We Expect a Disastrous Fire Accident in an Urban Road Tunnel? Literature Data Review and a Case Study for Selected Tunnels in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6172
Author(s):  
Krystian Szewczyński ◽  
Aleksander Król ◽  
Małgorzata Król
Keyword(s):  
Time Horizon ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Intensity ◽  
Road Tunnel ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Road Tunnels ◽  
High Uncertainty ◽  
Fire Outbreak ◽  
Fire Accident

Urban road tunnels are a reasonable remedy for inconvenience due to congested road traffic. However, they bring specific threats, especially those related to the possibility of fire outbreak. This work is a case study for selected urban road tunnels. Considering tunnel specificity, road traffic intensity, and structure and based on the literature data for vehicle fire probability, the chances of a fire accident were estimated for selected tunnels in Poland. It was shown that low power tunnel fires could be expected in the 10–20-year time horizon. Although such threats cannot be disregarded, tunnel systems are designed to cope with them. The chances of a disastrous fire accident were estimated as well. Such events can occur when an HGV with flammable goods or a tanker are involved. Such accidents are fortunately very rare, but, on the other hand, that is the reason why the available data are scanty and burdened with high uncertainty. Therefore, a discussion on the reliability of the obtained results is also provided.

scholarly journals Psychological Factors Affecting Risk Perception of COVID-19: Evidence from Peru and China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6513
Author(s):  
Fredy S. Monge-Rodríguez ◽  
He Jiang ◽  
Liwei Zhang ◽  
Andy Alvarado-Yepez ◽  
Anahí Cardona-Rivero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Health Field

COVID-19 has spread around the world, causing a global pandemic, and to date is impacting in various ways in both developed and developing countries. We know that the spread of this virus is through people’s behavior despite the perceived risks. Risk perception plays an important role in decision-making to prevent infection. Using data from the online survey of participants in Peru and China (N = 1594), data were collected between 8 July 31 and August 2020. We found that levels of risk perception are relatively moderate, but higher in Peru compared to China. In both countries, anxiety, threat perception, self-confidence, and sex were found to be significant predictors of risk perception; however, trust in the information received by government and experts was significant only in Peru, whereas self-confidence had a significant negative effect only for China. Risk communication should be implemented through information programs aimed at reducing anxiety and improving self-confidence, taking into consideration gender differences. In addition, the information generated by the government should be based on empirical sources. Finally, the implications for effective risk communication and its impacts on the health field are discussed.

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