scholarly journals EFEITO DO TAMANHO DAS SEMENTES SOBRE A EMERGÊNCIA E MORFOFISIOLOGIA DE MUDAS DE MAMA CADELA

Nativa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-265
Author(s):  
Thales Augusto Ferreira Querioz ◽  
Daniela Pereira Dias
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Mass ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Chlorophyll Index

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a emergência de plântulas e a morfofisiologia de mudas de mama-cadela (Brosimum gaudichaudii Trécul) produzidas a partir de sementes de diferentes tamanhos. Foram determinadas a porcentagem de emergência de plântulas e as características morfofisiológicas das mudas (altura, diâmetro do colo, índice de robustez, espessura foliar, índice de clorofila, biomassa seca, massa foliar específica - MFE e área foliar total). A emergência iniciou-se após 21 dias da semeadura e atingiu, ao final do experimento, 84% para as sementes pequenas, valor inferior ao das sementes médias e grandes (94 e 90%, respectivamente). Em 60 dias, as mudas apresentavam, em média, 2,53 mm de diâmetro e 12,81 cm de altura. Nos primeiros 30 dias, as mudas formadas a partir de sementes pequenas tinham alturas menores que as demais. O tamanho das sementes não afetou o diâmetro do colo e a espessura das folhas durante o crescimento inicial das mudas, assim como para os parâmetros morfofisiológicos estudados. Ao longo de 120 dias, houve aumento do conteúdo de clorofilas, biomassa seca, área foliar total, exceto para a MFE. O tamanho das sementes afeta a emergência e a altura das mudas de mama-cadela após 30 dias após a emergência. Palavras-chave: Brosimum gaudichaudii; Cerrado; crescimento inicial.   Effect of seed size on emergence and mophophysiology of mama-cadela seedlings   ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the seedling emergence and morphophysiology of mama-cadela (Brosimum gaudichaudii Trécul) seedlings produced from seeds of different sizes. Seedling emergence percentage and seedling morphophysiological characteristics (height, diameter, slenderness index, leaf thickness, chlorophyll index, dry matter, specific leaf mass - MFE and total leaf area) were determined. The emergence started after 21 days of sowing and reached, at the end of the experiment, 84% for small seeds, lower than the average and large seeds (94 and 90%, respectively). In 60 days, the seedlings had, on average, 2.53 mm in diameter and 12.81 cm in height. In the first 30 days, seedlings formed from small seeds had shorter heights than the others. The seeds size did not affect the diameter and the leaves thickness during the initial growth of the seedlings, as well as for the morphophysiological parameters studied. Over the 120 days, there was an increase in the content of chlorophylls, dry matter, total leaf area, except for MFE. The seeds size affects the emergence and the height at 30 days after mama-cadela seedlings emergence. Keywords: Brosimum gaudichaudii; Brazilian savanna; initial growth.

The influence of seed size and depth of sowing on pre-emergence and early vegetative growth of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
JN Black
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Pot Culture

Changes in the pre-emergence distribution of dry matter in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) variety Bacchus Marsh were followed at 21°C, using three sizes of seed and three depths of sowing, ½, 1¼, and 2 in. Decreasing seed size and increasing depth of sowing both reduce the weight of the cotyledons a t emergence. Seed of the three sizes were sown a t three depths in pot culture a t staggered intervals so that emergence was simultaneous. Dry weight in the early vegetative stage was proportional to seed size, and total leaf area and leaf numbers showed similar trends. Plants of each seed size grew at the same relative rate. No effect of depth of sowing could be detected, and this was shown to be due to the cotyledon area a t emergence being constant for any given seed size, regardless of varying depth of sowing and hence of cotyledon weight. It was concluded that seed size in a plant having epigeal germination and without endosperm is of importance: firstly, in limiting the maximum hypocotyl elongation and hence depth of sowing, and secondly, in determining cotyledon area. Cotyledon area in turn influences seedling growth, which is not affected by cotyledon weight. Once emergence has taken place, cotyledonary reserves are of no further significance in the growth of the plants.

scholarly journals Drought resistance of winter soft wheat samples in the primary phase of organogenesis and change of leaf area and chlorophyll content in leaves under the conditions of water stress

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
V. A. Likhovidova ◽  
Е. V. Ionova ◽  
V. L. Gaze ◽  
D. М. Machenko
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Primary Phase ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Flowering Phase ◽  
Total Leaf

There has been conducted laboratory assessment of drought resistance of winter soft wheat samples on an osmatic solution (sucrose 16 atm.). The maximum values of this indicator ranged from 70.0% (“Lidiya”) to 79.3% (“Asket”). According to the results of vegetation trials, it was established that in conditions of insufficient moisture supply (aridity of 30% PV) during the flowering phase, the total leaf area of winter wheat varieties and lines varied from 45.2 cm2 (“Volny Don”) to 63.4 cm2 (“Kazachka”), and in the phase of milky ripeness of grain, the total leaf area ranged from 3.5 cm2 (“260/09”) to 17.7 cm2 (“Polina”). The varieties “Krasa Dona”, “Kapitan”, “Lidiya”, “Asket” showed the best ratio of the upper leaves area to the lower ones under arid conditions (in favor of the upper ones in the flowering phase). In the phase of milky ripeness, the presence of lower green leaves was identified in the varieties “Kapitan”, “Krasa Dona”, “Izyumnka”. The amount of accumulated pigments (chlorophyll) in the leaves remains the highest during the flowering period and the milky ripeness of the grain in the varieties “Kapitan” (3.1 and 2.6 m/100g of dry matter), “Kazachka” (2.9 and 2.4 mg/100g of dry matter), “Krasa Dona” (2.8 and 2.4 mg/100g of dry matter), “Asket” (2.7 and 2.3 mg/100g of dry matter), “Lidiya” (2.6 and 2.4 mg/100g of dry matter), “Izyumnka” (2.5 and 2.1 mg/100g of dry matter).

scholarly journals Response of different rootstocks on vegetative growth, fruit and seed yield of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

Genetika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 593-608
Author(s):  
Firdes Ulas
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Chlorophyll Index ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Fruit Diameter

In this study, different eggplant scion genotypes were grafted onto different eggplant rootstock genotypes in order to assess the plant growth, development, and fruit yield of eggplant plants based on the physiological and morphological response mechanisms. The experiment was conducted at the vegetable research field plot on the campus at Faculty of Agriculture, University of Erciyes, Kayseri-Turkey. The field experiment was carried out to determine plant growth, shoot and root fresh and dry biomasses, plant height, total leaf area, leaf chlorophyll index (SPAD), rootstock and scion stem diameter, number of fruits per plant, total fruit yield, fruit dry matter, fruit diameter and length, total seed yield, and thousand seed weight. Two eggplant cultivars (Topan and Pala) were grafted onto two different eggplant rootstock genotypes (Hawk and K?ksal F1), while non-grafted scion genotypes were used as control plants. The experiment was laid in a randomized completely block design (RCBD) containing three replications. The results indicated that between grafted and non-grafted plants significant (P<0.001) differences were observed in shoot and root fresh and dry biomasses, plant height, total leaf area, leaf chlorophyll index (SPAD), rootstock and scion stem diameter, number of fruits per plant, total fruit yield, fruit dry matter, fruit diameter and length, total seed yield, and thousand seed weight. The rootstocks utilized have influenced the vigour of the grafted plants. The ?Pala? grafted on the rootstock ?K?ksal F1? registered 61.91% increment in shoot fresh biomass and 49.04% increment in root fresh biomass in comparison to the non-grafted plants. Grafting influenced plant height which reached values of roughly 1.0 m, leaf are resulting in values of 5645.04 cm2 plant-1, and SPAD resulting in values of 47.48 at ?Pala/K?ksal F1? graft combination in comparison to the non-grafted plants. The grafting combinations also influenced the productivity of plants as compare to non-grafted plants. The significantly highest fruit yield obtained from ?Pala/K?ksal F1? graft combination was of 4711.89 g plant-1, followed by ?Topan/K?ksal F1? graft combination with 3834.54 g plant-1. ?Pala? was produced 11.49 number of fruits per plant when grafted on the ?K?ksal F1? rootstock and 8.46 number of fruits per plant when grafted on the ?Hawk? rootstock. Regarding seed yield, ?Pala? grafted on the rootstock ?K?ksal F1? registered 72.03% increment in total seed yield in comparison to the non-grafted plants. Overall, the eggplant rootstock genotypes ?K?ksal F1? showed a better performance shoot and root fresh and dry biomasses, plant height, total leaf area, leaf chlorophyll index (SPAD), rootstock and scion stem diameter, number of fruits per plant, total fruit yield, fruit dry matter, fruit diameter and length, total seed yield, and thousand seed weight as compared to non-grafted plants.

scholarly journals Superação de dormência de sementes e desenvolvimento de mudas de jatobazeiro em substratos alternativos

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Patrícia Rodrigues Maffud Carvalho ◽  
César Antônio da Silva ◽  
Luís Léssi dos Reis ◽  
Janaina Rodrigues Maffud
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Chlorophyll Index ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Forest Humus

The propagation of the jatoba (Hymenaea courbarilL.) by seeds is highly promising in the recovery of degraded areas. Thus, the present research aimed to compare methods forjatoba plant seeds dormancy overcomingand to evaluate the development of seedlings of this species in alternative substrates. In the first experiment, in screened nursery, a completely randomized design was used, with four replications and seven seed treatments: scarification with sandpaper(SS), SS and immersion in water for 24 h, SS and immersion in water for 48 h, intact seed, seed immersed in water for 48 h and seed immersed in water for 96 h. The seedlings that emergency were counted every other days, from 13 to 51days after sowing, quantifying the emergence percentage, the emergence speed index and the emergence average time.The second experiment, in greenhouse,was composed ofthree replicates, in randomized blocks, being seven substrates were used:commercial substrate (CS); 40% SC + 60% forest humus (FH); 40% SC + 60% charcoal rice husk (CRH); 40% SC + 60% bovine manure (BM); 40% CRH + 60% BM; 40% CRH + 60% FH; e 40% FH + 60% BM. At 50, 70 and 120 days after sowing were evaluated the parameters: seedlingheight, leafsnumber, stem diameter, fresh matterand dry matter of aerial partand roots, and leaf area.At 120 DAS, the chlorophyll index was also evaluated. The scarification with sandpaper and immersion of seeds in water for 24 hours presented a greater emergence (96.4% and IVE = 0.697).The mixture containing 40% FHand 60% BMresulted seedlings with a larger leaf area, chlorophyll index and roots and aerial part dry matter, at 120 days after sowing.

scholarly journals Lesser-known ethnic leafy vegetables Talinum paniculatum grown at tropical ecosystem: Morphological traits and non-destructive estimation of total leaf area per branch

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benyamin Lakitan ◽  
Kartika Kartika ◽  
Laily Ilman Widuri ◽  
Erna Siaga ◽  
Lya Nailatul Fadilah
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Tropical Ecosystem ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract. Lakitan B, Kartika K, Widuri LI, Siaga E, Fadilah LN. 2021. Lesser-known ethnic leafy vegetables Talinum paniculatum grown at tropical ecosystem: Morphological traits and non-destructive estimation of total leaf area per branch. Biodiversitas 22: 4487-4495. Talinum paniculatum known as Java ginseng is an ethnic vegetable in Indonesia that has also been utilized as a medical plant. Young leaves are the primary economic part of T. paniculatum, which can be eaten fresh or cooked. This study was focused on characterizing morphological traits of T. panicultaum and developing a non-destructive yet accurate and reliable model for predicting total area per leaf cluster on each elongated branch per flush growth cycle. The non-destructive approach allows frequent and timely measurements. In addition, the developed model can be used as guidance for deciding the time to harvest for optimum yield. Results indicated that T. paniculatum flourished rapidly under wet tropical conditions, especially if they were propagated using stem cuttings. The plants produced more than 50 branches and more than 800 leaves, or on average produced more than 15 leaves per branch at the age of nine weeks after planting (WAP). The zero-intercept linear model using a combination of two traits of length x width (LW) as a predictor was accurate and reliable for predicting a single leaf area (R2 = 0.997). Meanwhile, the estimation of total area per leaf cluster was more accurate if three traits, i.e., number of leaves, the longest leaf, and the widest leaf in each cluster were used as predictors with the zero-intercept linear regression model (R2 = 0.984). However, the use of a single trait of length (L) and width (W) of the largest leaf within each cluster as a predictor in the power regression model exhibited moderately accurate prediction at the R2 = 0.883 and 0.724, respectively.

scholarly journals Genetic variance of sunflower yield components - Heliantus annuus L.

Genetika ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Hladni ◽  
Dragan Skoric ◽  
Marija Kraljevic-Balalic
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance

The main goals of sunflower breeding in Yugoslavia and abroad are increased seed yield and oil content per unit area and increased resistance to diseases, insects and stress conditions via an optimization of plant architecture. In order to determine the mode of inheritance, gene effects and correlations of total leaf number per plant, total leaf area and plant height, six genetically divergent inbred lines of sunflower were subjected to half diallel crosses. Significant differences in mean values of all the traits were found in the F1 and F2 generations. Additive gene effects were more important in the inheritance of total leaf number per plant and plant height, while in the case of total leaf area per plant the nonadditive ones were more important looking at all the combinations in the F1 and F2 generations. The average degree of dominance (Hi/D)1/2 was lower than one for total leaf number per plant and plant height, so the mode of inheritance was partial dominance, while with total leaf area the value was higher than one, indicating super dominance as the mode of inheritance. Significant positive correlation was found: between total leaf area per plant and total leaf number per plant (0.285*) and plant height (0.278*). The results of the study are of importance for further sunflower breeding work.

scholarly journals Concentration and periods of application of prohexadione calcium in the growth of strawberry seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Farias Barreto ◽  
Leticia Vanni Ferreira ◽  
Savana Irribarem Costa ◽  
Andressa Vighi Schiavon ◽  
Tais Barbosa Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Control Growth ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

For strawberry cultivation in Brazil, producers are dependent on imported seedlings. An alternative strategy to reduce this dependence is the use of seedlings obtained from nursery plants grown in a protected environment. However, as these seedlings are produced in the summer and planted at the end of this season or the spring of the following year, it is necessary to control growth to reduce the energy costs of the plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations and periods of application of proexadione calcium (ProCa) on growth control of strawberry seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with seedlings of the cultivars ‘Aromas’ and ‘Camarosa’, produced by rooting stolons and kept in polystyrene trays of 72 cells in a substrate of carbonized rice husk. The experimental design was completely randomized, with a 4 × 2 factorial scheme (4 concentrations of ProCa: 0, 100, 200, and 400 mg L-1 × 2 periods of application: at 20 and 30 days after the planting period of rooting stolon). Plant survival, crown diameter, petiole length, total leaf area, specific leaf area, chlorophyll concentration, and dry mass of the crown and shoot were evaluated. The application of ProCa at 20 days after the planting period of the rooting stolon at the concentrations of 200 and 400 mg L-1 favored the reduction of petiole length in plants of ‘Aromas’ strawberry and total leaf aerial in ‘Camarosa’ strawberry. The application of ProCa from the concentration of 100 mg L-1 reduced the vegetative growth of ‘Aromas’ and ‘Camarosa’ strawberry seedlings cultivated in substrate.

scholarly journals Image-Based Dynamic Quantification of Aboveground Structure of Sugar Beet in Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunfu Xiao ◽  
Honghong Chai ◽  
Ke Shao ◽  
Mengyuan Shen ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Convex Hull ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Phenotyping ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Canopy Area

Sugar beet is one of the main crops for sugar production in the world. With the increasing demand for sugar, more desirable sugar beet genotypes need to be cultivated through plant breeding programs. Precise plant phenotyping in the field still remains challenge. In this study, structure from motion (SFM) approach was used to reconstruct a three-dimensional (3D) model for sugar beets from 20 genotypes at three growth stages in the field. An automatic data processing pipeline was developed to process point clouds of sugar beet including preprocessing, coordinates correction, filtering and segmentation of point cloud of individual plant. Phenotypic traits were also automatically extracted regarding plant height, maximum canopy area, convex hull volume, total leaf area and individual leaf length. Total leaf area and convex hull volume were adopted to explore the relationship with biomass. The results showed that high correlations between measured and estimated values with R2 > 0.8. Statistical analyses between biomass and extracted traits proved that both convex hull volume and total leaf area can predict biomass well. The proposed pipeline can estimate sugar beet traits precisely in the field and provide a basis for sugar beet breeding.

Evaluation of vegetative growth traits and their relation to time to first flowering of olive seedlings

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 371 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Pritsa ◽  
D. G. Voyiatzis ◽  
C. J. Voyiatzi ◽  
M. S. Sotiriou
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Vegetative Traits ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Shape Characteristics

The aim of this work was to assess growth traits during the initial developmental stages of olive seedlings, which could be correlated to time to first flowering, facilitating fast selection in olive breeding programs. The experimental material consisted of 232 olive seedlings derived from controlled crosses of 'Kalamon' with self (KA × KA), with 'Amphissis' (KA × AM), and with 'Koroneiki' (KA × KO) and from open pollination of 'Kalamon', 'Amphissis', 'Koroneiki', 'Chalkidikis', and 'Manzanillo'. Vegetative traits of the seedlings, including canopy height and diameter, length of lateral vegetation, number of leaves, mean and total leaf area per plant, leaf shape characteristics, and specific leaf area (SLA), were recorded until 15 months after sowing. The first seedlings to initiate flowers, 4 years after sowing, were also recorded. The existence of correlations between the above growth traits and time to first flowering was investigated. In single-branched seedlings 6 months after sowing, height measured at this stage was significantly correlated with the mean and total leaf area per plant, specific leaf area, and other vegetative traits measured 15 months after sowing. Seedlings with high values of these parameters were the first to initiate flowers 33 months later. Our results indicated that pre-selection of olive seedlings for earliness of first flowering is possible, based on vegetative characteristics assessed very early in their development.

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