scholarly journals DETERMINING PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF JATROPHA CURCAS L. GRAINS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Ednilton Tavares Andrade ◽  
Renan Pereira Rezende ◽  
Jacqueline Brasil ◽  
Neila Freixo ◽  
Patrícia Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Moisture Contents

The objective of this study was to determine the physical properties of Jatropha curcas grains, such as: size, shape, density and porosity, and to determine the terminal velocity, comparing the results with those calculated from mathematical models available in the literature. To perform the experimental analysis, samples with different moisture contents, between 4 and 25% (wb), were selected. To determine the size and shape of the grains, sphericity and roundness characteristics were used, and it was found that both stay approximately constant, despite different moisture content. For specific weight and porosity, results show that the porosity is directly proportional to the moisture content until the point where interaction between the moisture content and volumetric contraction causes the specific weight to increase again, thus decreasing porosity. It was also found that the equation used for calculating the terminal velocity is in agreement with the results obtained experimentally. Furthermore, the results also show that the terminal velocity for the Jatropha grains is directly proportional to its moisture content.

Aerodynamic properties of Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) Seeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesut Dilmac ◽  
Sefa Tarhan ◽  
Hakan Polatci
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Drag Coefficient ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Aerodynamic Properties ◽  
Agricultural Materials ◽  
Agricultural Material

Aerodynamic properties of agricultural materials are the physical properties considering the reaction of agricultural material piles or seeds against airflow. The airflow resistance of faba bean (<italic>Vicia faba</italic> L.) seed piles was experimentally determined and mathematically modeled for two different moisture contents (11.4 % and 25.8% w.b.) for the superficial air velocities ranging from 0.0225 to 1.395 m<sup>3</sup>·m<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup>. Modified Shedd’s equation and Hukill-Ives equation can be interchangeably used to design aeration systems for the storage and drying bins of faba bean seeds. The terminal velocity values are 11.68 and 12.87 m·s<sup>−1</sup> for the moisture contents of 11.4% and 25.8% (w.b.), respectively. The drag coefficient values are 1.02 and 0.88 for the moisture contents of 11.4% and 25.8% (w.b.), respectively. Moisture content increased terminal velocity but decreased drag coefficient.

scholarly journals Behaviour of different moisture contents of Jatropha curcas L. seeds under compression loading

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kabutey ◽  
D. Herák ◽  
A. Sedláček
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Unit Volume ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Deformation Characteristic ◽  
Deformation Energy ◽  
Compression Loading ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Jatropha Seeds

A study was conducted to investigate the behaviour of different moisture contents of Jatropha curcas L. seeds under compression loading. To obtain jatropha seeds of different moisture contents ranging from 1% (w.b.) to 37% (w.b.), the seeds were soaked in water and kept in a refrigerator at 5&deg;C for different number of days. Compression devices, namely ZDM 50-2313/56/18, pressing vessel with diameter of 76 mm and a pressing plunger of 90 mm height, were used. The amount of seeds in the pressing vessel was measured as 40 mm with compression force of 98,100 N. The results from the experiment showed that increasing the moisture content of the jatropha seeds influenced the force-deformation characteristic curve, deformation energy, maximum deformation and energy per unit volume. While moisture contents 1% (w.b.) and 10% (w.b.) displayed normal force-deformation characteristic, moisture contents 32% (w.b.) and 37% (w.b.) showed wave-effect characteristic. The R<sup>2</sup> coefficient of determination value of 0.87 obtained from the effect of moisture content on deformation energy and unit volume energy shows that jatropha seeds of moisture content 16% (w.b.) would require minimum energy but high efficiency during compression.

scholarly journals Processing of Wild Sunflower with Different Moisture Contents into Solid Bio Fuel

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fabie T. Dummapi ◽  
Jacqueline I. Liniasan ◽  
Marvin T. Valentin ◽  
Milagros B. Onalan ◽  
Leonardo D. Dumalhin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Ignition Time ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Burning Time ◽  
Wild Sunflower ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Moisture Contents

Wild sunflower with moisture contents of 16%, 12% and 8% was densified without the addition of binding agent. The physical properties of the formed briquettes such as mass, dimensions, volume, density and shattering resistance were evaluated. Thermal properties like ignition time, burning time, ash content, and thermal fuel efficiency by means of boiling test were also evaluated. Wild Sunflower stems were gathered and shredded using locally fabricated biomass shredder available at the Research Office of Benguet State University, and were processed into the desired size and moisture contents. Right after the briquetting operation, the physical properties of the briquette were measured and then stored in a zip bag for 24 hours. After the storage, same measurement was conducted. Results show that the influence of moisture contents on the average mass, dimension, shattering resistance, volume and density was statistically insignificant. The wild sunflower with moisture content of 16% had the highest shattering resistance of 88.85%. Furthermore, the influence of moisture content on the thermal properties like ignition time, burning time and ash content are statistically insignificant. Among the moisture contents, the fastest ignition time of 43.75 sec with longest burning time was recorded under 12%. Ash content was also lowest at 12%.

scholarly journals Deformation energy of Jatropha curcas L. seeds under compression loading

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kabutey ◽  
D. Herák ◽  
O. Dajbych ◽  
M. Divišová ◽  
W.E. Boatri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Smooth Curve ◽  
Deformation Energy ◽  
Deformation Curve ◽  
Wave Effect ◽  
Compression Loading ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Function Smooth

The present research is a follow-up of the previous studies on mechanical behaviour of Jatropha curcas L. seeds under compression loading. The research describes in detail the deformation energy which was determined from the area under the force-deformation curve. The compression device ZDM 50-2313/56/18 with a chart recorder and pressing vessel of diameter 76 mm were used to record the force-deformation functions of varying moisture content between 8.46% and 36.50% w.b. of Jatropha curcas L. seeds. Under the force-deformation curve, three main descriptions namely the increasing function (smooth curve), wave-effect characteristics (serration effect) and whole area under the force-deformation curve were analysed. For each of the force-deformation curve descriptions, it was found that moisture content influenced the values of compressive force, deformation, deformation energy and seed hardness. Interestingly, the research findings conclude that moisture content is a primary factor contributing to the wave-effect characteristics on the force-deformation curve. &nbsp;

Improving the Accuracy of Electronic Moisture Meters for Runner-Type Peanuts

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
M. C. Lamb ◽  
C. L. Butts ◽  
P. D. Blankenship
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Mathematical Function ◽  
Peanut Kernel ◽  
Calibration Equation ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Weight Data

ABSTRACT Runner-type peanut kernel moisture content (MC) is measured periodically during curing and post harvest processing with electronic moisture meters for marketing and quality control. MC is predicted for 250 g samples of kernels with a mathematical function from measurements of various physical properties. To examine the accuracy of the function used in the Dickey-john GAC2100 for measuring MC of runner-type peanuts, 421 samples were measured with the meter and compared to oven MC data subsequently determined using ASAE Standard S410.1. Peanut moisture content for the peanuts according to the meter averaged 19.1% with a SD of 15.4%. Oven moisture contents had a mean of 17.3% and a SD of 8.5%. Means were significantly different (P  =  0.001). A calibration equation was derived from capacitance, conductance, temperature, and test weight data provided by the meter and compared to oven MC data. Moisture contents calculated from the calibration equation had a 17.3% mean and an 8.5% SD equaling values for oven determined moisture contents. Results of the study indicate that the accuracy of the meter in predicting moisture content can be improved considerably utilizing currently collected data and the derived calibration equation developed.

scholarly journals Forma e tamanho de grãos de soja para diversos teores de água

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2821
Author(s):  
Wilker Alves Morais ◽  
Osvaldo Resende ◽  
Fernando Nobre Cunha ◽  
Vitor Marques Vidal ◽  
Nelmício Furtado da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Volumetric Shrinkage ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Grain Moisture

Physical properties of soybean grains present differences as a function of cultivars and moisture content, with the correlation between physical properties. This study aimed to determine the characteristics related to the physical properties of grains with different moisture contents of three soybean cultivars. The experimental design was completely randomized design in a 3 × 6 factorial scheme with three replications, consisting of three soybean cultivars (6266 RSF IPRO, BMX Potência RR, and 14403Z6001) and six grain moisture contents (11, 13, 15, 17, 19, and 21% wb). Soybean grains presented an initial moisture content of 11.0, 11.0, and 10.8% wb, respectively for 6266 RSF IPRO, BMX Potência RR, and 14403Z6001. The other moisture contents were obtained by soaking in a BOD chamber maintained at 25 °C and 93% of relative humidity. We assessed volume, roundness, sphericity, surface area, volumetric shrinkage, and volumetric shrinkage rate. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance by the F-test (p < 0.05) and when significant, regression analysis was performed for grain moisture contents and the means of cultivars were compared by the Tukey’s test. Pearson’s correlation analysis was also carried out to represent the linearity between grain physical properties. The cultivar BMX Potência RR obtained the highest results for volume, roundness, sphericity, and surface area. Volume and surface area increased as the moisture content of soybean grains increased; the opposite was observed for roundness and sphericity. A linear increase in volumetric shrinkage was observed as moisture content increased. The values of the correlation coefficients of the linear regression models can be used to describe the relationships between physical properties.

scholarly journals Physical properties of sunflower seeds during drying

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Thaís Adriana de Souza Smaniotto ◽  
Osvaldo Resende ◽  
Kelly Aparecida de Sousa ◽  
Rafael Cândido Campos ◽  
Denner Nogueira Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
True Density ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Intergranular Porosity ◽  
Air Ventilation

The aim of this work was to determine the effect that the moisture content has on the physical properties of sunflower seeds. The cultivar Olisun 3, with an initial moisture content of 34.1 (% wb), was used and then subjected to drying in an oven with forced air ventilation under three temperature conditions: 40, 60 and 80 °C. The reduction in the moisture content during drying was monitored by the gravimetric method until it reached a final moisture content of 8.0 ± 1.0 (% wb). The physical properties were analysed: the bulk density, true density, intergranular porosity and volumetric shrinkage of the mass and unit and terminal velocity. The reduction in the moisture content influenced the physical properties of sunflower seeds and caused a decrease in the intergranular porosity, bulk density and true density at all examined temperatures. The mass and volumetric contractions of the unit and reduction in shrinkage rates all increased with the drying of sunflower seeds at all studied temperatures. The terminal velocity increased as the moisture content of the grains increased, which was more evident at the drying temperature of 80 °C.

Mathematical models describing the relaxation behaviour of Jatropha curcas L. bulk seeds under axial compression

2015 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Herak ◽  
Abraham Kabutey ◽  
Rostislav Choteborsky ◽  
Michal Petru ◽  
Riswanti Sigalingging
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Axial Compression ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Relaxation Behaviour ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L

scholarly journals Development of a Millet Destoner for Small Scale Farmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aminu Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
True Density ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Processing Properties

Post-harvest processes of millet rely on labour-intensive manual operations in Nigeria while its produce is associated with contaminants. A manually-operated destoner was developed to increase grain value for commercial production and reduce drudgery. To construct the destoner sieves, physical properties of one thousand randomly selected grains were determined digital Vernier callipers. Millet grains to be destoned was fed through the upper portion of the destoner being operated through the crank handle while the pure grains were collected at the discharge outlet. Results obtained shows the geometric diameter of the grains increase progressively from 3.51-4.22mm as moisture content increases. A screen aperture of 3.5mm was constructed. Grains’ surface area, volume and sphericity increased from 22.67-34.82mm², 8.19-13.98mm³ and 0.691-0.776g respectively. Mass, true density and terminal velocity of 1000 seed increased from 13.56-43.84g, 1548.91-1689.87kg/m³ and 2.69-4.58m/s respectively. The bulk density of millet also increased as moisture content increases but decreased beyond 12.5% moisture level indicating that millet floats on  water and was transpoted with the aid of an auger. About 50kg of millet was poured into the destoner to occupy its  ⅓ capacity while the remaining ⅔ was filled with water. Destoner output was  at 95% efficiency.Key words: Destoner, Millet, Processing, Properties, Contaminants

Effect of Moisture on GR-S Rate of Cure and Physical Properties

1946 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 773-780
Author(s):  
Ian C. Rush
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Strain Data ◽  
Water Curing ◽  
Effect Of Moisture ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Moisture has been discussed as a factor which may give rise to variable rates of cure of GR-S. This moisture may be present in GR-S itself or in the compounding ingredients used. Accordingly, a program was initiated in the spring of 1944 to establish the influence of moisture, not only on the rate of cure of GR-S, but also on its physical properties. Since that time two papers have been published on this subject by other investigators. The results reported here verify some of the conclusions drawn by these investigators but seem to be at variance with others. In this study various proportions of water were added in the following ways : by premixing with carbon black, by adding directly on the mill rolls at the completion of normal milling, and by soaking GR-S crumb in water. Curing curves were obtained for each batch, and were used to evaluate the rate of cure. To eliminate day-to-day variations in physical properties due to error in testing methods, three batches of different moisture contents were mixed and tested on the same day. This same group was then remixed and tested on successive days until at least three batches had been tested for each moisture content and each method of addition. The averages of the individual results (stress-strain data and percentage moisture retained) on batches to which the same percentage of water was added, were then considered free from day-to-day variations.

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