Processing of Wild Sunflower with Different Moisture Contents into Solid Bio Fuel

Wild sunflower with moisture contents of 16%, 12% and 8% was densified without the addition of binding agent. The physical properties of the formed briquettes such as mass, dimensions, volume, density and shattering resistance were evaluated. Thermal properties like ignition time, burning time, ash content, and thermal fuel efficiency by means of boiling test were also evaluated. Wild Sunflower stems were gathered and shredded using locally fabricated biomass shredder available at the Research Office of Benguet State University, and were processed into the desired size and moisture contents. Right after the briquetting operation, the physical properties of the briquette were measured and then stored in a zip bag for 24 hours. After the storage, same measurement was conducted. Results show that the influence of moisture contents on the average mass, dimension, shattering resistance, volume and density was statistically insignificant. The wild sunflower with moisture content of 16% had the highest shattering resistance of 88.85%. Furthermore, the influence of moisture content on the thermal properties like ignition time, burning time and ash content are statistically insignificant. Among the moisture contents, the fastest ignition time of 43.75 sec with longest burning time was recorded under 12%. Ash content was also lowest at 12%.

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Thermal Analyses of Briquette Fuels Produced from Coal Dust and Groundnut Husk

Acta Chemica Malaysia ◽

10.2478/acmy-2020-0004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 24-27

Author(s):

Ikelle I. Ikelle ◽

Nworu J. Sunday ◽

Nworie F. Sunday ◽

Jedidiah John ◽

Ogbuagu J. Okechukwu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Burning Rate ◽

Coal Dust ◽

Ignition Time ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Ash Content ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

Water Boiling Test

AbstractThis work involved the production and thermal characterization of biomass briquettes produced by blending a major agricultural waste with coal dust. In the work, nine different compositions of coal dust/groundnut husk briquettes were produced using starch as the binder while Ca(OH2) was incorporated as the de-sulphurizing agent. The ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, moisture content, compressive strength, ignition time, calorific value, water boiling test and burning rate were carried out to determine the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the briquettes produced. The results showed that moisture content values are in the range 2.43 - 6.44%, for compressive strength 7.72 - 10.85 N/mm3, for ash content 24.18 - 29.15 %, for calorific value 21714.17 - 25027.18 kJ/kg, for fixed carbon 16.77-53.22 %, for ignition time 22.23-45.20 s, for water boiling test 1.50-4.99 min and burning rate 16.10-28.32 g/min. These are appreciable values for the thermal properties of the bio-briquettes. Therefore, the agro-wastes briquettes are beneficial for heating purposes rather than open incineration of the wastes.

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Nutrient composition of pastoralist's raw milk of different breeds of cattle in Adamawa and Taraba states, Northeastern Nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v47i2.130 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 217-223

Author(s):

Z. Adamu ◽

M. B. Ardo ◽

Y. H. Aliyara

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Local Governments ◽

Management Practices ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Fat Content ◽

Ash Content ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Moisture Contents ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Content Range

This study was carried out to determine the proximate composition of raw milk produced in pastoral settlements. Six hundred pastoralists' raw milk samples were collected from 20 local governments in Adamawa and Taraba states, Nigeria. Milk samples were collected from White Fulani (WF), Red Bororo (RB) and Sokoto Gudali (SG) breeds of cattle and were analyzed for protein, fat, ash and moisture contents. The protein content ranged between 3.62±0.38% -3.95±0.11% in WF, 3.29±0.8% - 3.94±0.10% in RB and 3.31±0.27%- 3.95±0.09% in SG in Adamawa and Taraba states. The fat content ranged between 3.55±0.47% - 3.99±0.03% in WF, 3.98±0.04% - 3.98±0.06% in RB and 3.32±0.20% - 3.45±0.27% in SG. The ash content recorded was between 0.40±0.06% -0.41±0.04% in WF, 0.40±0.06% - 0.43±0.07% in RB and0.39±0.06% - 0.41±0.08% in SG, and the moisture content in Adamawa and Taraba states were between 83.52±2.07% - 84.00±0.57% in WF, 82.28±1.05% - 83.73±0.63% in RB and 82.90±1.48% - 83.56±1.35%in SG. The study from the two states revealed protein value between 3.29± 0.8% - 3.95±0.11%, fat content range of3.32±0.20% - 3.99±0.03%, ash content of between 0.39± 0.06% - 0.43±0.07% and moisture content that ranged between 82.28± 1.05% - 84.00±0.57%. Constituents of milkfrom Taraba state were higher in values than those from Adamawa sate. The statistical analysis of the results at95% confidence level showed significant difference among breeds and states. In comparison, the three breeds that resided in Adamawa state had least values, which could be attributed to herd management practices. This study showed that all the three pastoralists' breeds indicated desirable components in their milk Cross breeding with higher breeds and provision of quality feed and water may lead to better yield in all the breeds in this study.

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Investigation of the Properties of Large and Small Fractions of Municipal Solid Waste

Ecology and Industry of Russia ◽

10.18412/1816-0395-2021-6-26-31 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 26-31

Author(s):

S.V. Polygalov ◽

G.V. Il’inykh ◽

N. Stanisavlevich

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Fractional Composition ◽

Ash Content ◽

Heat Of Combustion ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Biological Potential ◽

Solid Municipal Waste ◽

Biogenic Components

The results of field and laboratory studies of the component and fractional composition of solid municipal waste (MSW), humidity and ash content of MSW components, which made it possible to evaluate the properties of individual fractions and waste in general, are presented. The fractional composition of MSW was determined by the method of separating waste into five fractions of different sizes: more than 250 mm, 100-250 mm, 50–100 mm, 15–50 mm and less than 15 mm. An assessment of the energy and biological potentials of MSW of various sizes has been carried out. In each fraction, the main biogenic components have been identified, which form the biological potential. The calculation of thermal properties (moisture content, ash, combustible substances, as well as the heat of combustion) for the fractions under consideration has been performed. The dependence of the heat of combustion of MSW on the particle size has been established.

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Improving the Accuracy of Electronic Moisture Meters for Runner-Type Peanuts

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/ps11-11.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 3-7

Author(s):

M. C. Lamb ◽

C. L. Butts ◽

P. D. Blankenship

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Test Weight ◽

Mathematical Function ◽

Peanut Kernel ◽

Calibration Equation ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Moisture Contents ◽

Weight Data

ABSTRACT Runner-type peanut kernel moisture content (MC) is measured periodically during curing and post harvest processing with electronic moisture meters for marketing and quality control. MC is predicted for 250 g samples of kernels with a mathematical function from measurements of various physical properties. To examine the accuracy of the function used in the Dickey-john GAC2100 for measuring MC of runner-type peanuts, 421 samples were measured with the meter and compared to oven MC data subsequently determined using ASAE Standard S410.1. Peanut moisture content for the peanuts according to the meter averaged 19.1% with a SD of 15.4%. Oven moisture contents had a mean of 17.3% and a SD of 8.5%. Means were significantly different (P = 0.001). A calibration equation was derived from capacitance, conductance, temperature, and test weight data provided by the meter and compared to oven MC data. Moisture contents calculated from the calibration equation had a 17.3% mean and an 8.5% SD equaling values for oven determined moisture contents. Results of the study indicate that the accuracy of the meter in predicting moisture content can be improved considerably utilizing currently collected data and the derived calibration equation developed.

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Influence of Moisture Content on the Thermal Properties of Concrete Containing Agricultural Waste Materials

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.677.241 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 677 ◽

pp. 241-245

Author(s):

Dana Koňáková ◽

Monika Čáchová ◽

Eva Vejmelková

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Thermal Characteristics ◽

Waste Materials ◽

Experimental Measurements ◽

Transport Parameters ◽

Cement Replacement ◽

Coir Pith

This article deals with concrete containing waste material originating in a coir fibres extraction from outer protective peel of a coconut. Coir pith is used as cement replacement in amount of 5% and 10%. The influence of moisture content on the thermal properties of studied concrete is determined by means of experimental measurements of basic physical properties, hygric transport parameters and thermal characteristics. From achieved results it can be concluded, that the higher amount of coir pith is used, the better values of thermal characteristics material show. But at the same time thermal characteristics are more influenced by moisture content.

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Some Physical Properties of Palmyrah Palm (Borassus flabellifer L.) Fruits

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2021/v40i2431498 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 18-25

Author(s):

P. C. Vengaiah ◽

S. Kaleemullah ◽

M. Madhava ◽

A. Mani ◽

B. Sreekanth

Keyword(s):

Aspect Ratio ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Mild Steel ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Static Friction ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Average Mass ◽

The Individual

Some physical properties of palmyrah fruit were investigated in this study. The average values of major, medium, minor and geometric mean diameters of fresh whole palmyrah fruit were 11.54,10.45, 9.85 and 10.64 cm respectively at 47.34 % (w.b) moisture content whereas that of palmyrah nut were 8.59, 7.35, 4.99 and 6.79 cm respectively at 8% (w.b) moisture content. Sphericity, surface area and aspect ratio were found to be 91.94%, 359.17 cm2 and 0.90 for fruit and whereas that of nut were 79.19%, 145.16 cm2 and 0.86 respectively. The average mass of the individual palmyrah fruit and nut was 927.78 and 248.10 g whereas bulk density was 525.92 and 693.0 kg/m3 respectively. The coefficient of static friction on mild steel, glass and plywood surfaces were 0.27, 0.21 and 0.25 for palmyrah fruit and 0.36, 0.28 and 0.27 for nut respectively. The angle of repose of palmyrah fruit and nut were 30.77 and 44.03 respectively.

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Forma e tamanho de grãos de soja para diversos teores de água

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n6p2821 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 2821

Author(s):

Wilker Alves Morais ◽

Osvaldo Resende ◽

Fernando Nobre Cunha ◽

Vitor Marques Vidal ◽

Nelmício Furtado da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Surface Area ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Volumetric Shrinkage ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Moisture Contents ◽

Soybean Cultivars ◽

Grain Moisture

Physical properties of soybean grains present differences as a function of cultivars and moisture content, with the correlation between physical properties. This study aimed to determine the characteristics related to the physical properties of grains with different moisture contents of three soybean cultivars. The experimental design was completely randomized design in a 3 × 6 factorial scheme with three replications, consisting of three soybean cultivars (6266 RSF IPRO, BMX Potência RR, and 14403Z6001) and six grain moisture contents (11, 13, 15, 17, 19, and 21% wb). Soybean grains presented an initial moisture content of 11.0, 11.0, and 10.8% wb, respectively for 6266 RSF IPRO, BMX Potência RR, and 14403Z6001. The other moisture contents were obtained by soaking in a BOD chamber maintained at 25 °C and 93% of relative humidity. We assessed volume, roundness, sphericity, surface area, volumetric shrinkage, and volumetric shrinkage rate. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance by the F-test (p < 0.05) and when significant, regression analysis was performed for grain moisture contents and the means of cultivars were compared by the Tukey’s test. Pearson’s correlation analysis was also carried out to represent the linearity between grain physical properties. The cultivar BMX Potência RR obtained the highest results for volume, roundness, sphericity, and surface area. Volume and surface area increased as the moisture content of soybean grains increased; the opposite was observed for roundness and sphericity. A linear increase in volumetric shrinkage was observed as moisture content increased. The values of the correlation coefficients of the linear regression models can be used to describe the relationships between physical properties.

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Physical and Thermal Properties of Chia, Kañiwa, Triticale, and Farro Seeds as a Function of Moisture Content

Applied Engineering in Agriculture ◽

10.13031/aea.13142 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 417-429

Author(s):

Rashid Suleiman ◽

Kun Xie ◽

Kurt A. Rosentrater

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Future Application ◽

Application Development ◽

Storage Structures

Abstract.The knowledge of physical and thermal properties in cereals, grains, and oilseeds establishes an essential engineering tool for the design of equipment, storage structures, and processes. The physical properties and thermal properties for Chia, Kañiwa, Farro, and Triticale grains were investigated at three levels of moisture content: 10%, 15%, and 20% (d.b.). Physical properties included 1000-seed weight, dimensions, mean diameters, surface area, volume, sphericity, and aspect ratio. Results indicated 1000-seed weight increased linearly with moisture content from 2.0 to 3.5 g for chia, 2.5 to 4.0 g for kañiwa, 42.7 to 48.3 g for farro, and 51.0 to 53.7 g for triticale. The porosity for farro and triticale increased from 38.71% to 44.1%, 40.37% to 44.65%, respectively, as moisture increased. Angle of repose increased as moisture content increased, as did values of L, a*, and b* for all grains. Thermal properties of kañiwa, farro, and triticale showed high correlation to moisture content. A negative relationship was observed for the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity, while the thermal diffusivity had a positive linear increase trend with moisture content. This study showed that physical and thermal properties varied from grain to grain as a function of moisture content, and these data will be useful for future application development. Keywords: Chia, Farro, Grains, Kañiwa, Moisture, Physical properties, Thermal properties, Triticale.

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Aerodynamic properties of Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) Seeds

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr.v39i3.10751 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Mesut Dilmac ◽

Sefa Tarhan ◽

Hakan Polatci

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Drag Coefficient ◽

Vicia Faba ◽

Faba Bean ◽

Terminal Velocity ◽

Moisture Contents ◽

Aerodynamic Properties ◽

Agricultural Materials ◽

Agricultural Material

Aerodynamic properties of agricultural materials are the physical properties considering the reaction of agricultural material piles or seeds against airflow. The airflow resistance of faba bean (<italic>Vicia faba</italic> L.) seed piles was experimentally determined and mathematically modeled for two different moisture contents (11.4 % and 25.8% w.b.) for the superficial air velocities ranging from 0.0225 to 1.395 m3·m−2·s−1. Modified Shedd’s equation and Hukill-Ives equation can be interchangeably used to design aeration systems for the storage and drying bins of faba bean seeds. The terminal velocity values are 11.68 and 12.87 m·s−1 for the moisture contents of 11.4% and 25.8% (w.b.), respectively. The drag coefficient values are 1.02 and 0.88 for the moisture contents of 11.4% and 25.8% (w.b.), respectively. Moisture content increased terminal velocity but decreased drag coefficient.

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Physical and calorific properties of wheat straw briquettes and pellets

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201929011011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 290 ◽

pp. 11011

Author(s):

Cosmin Spirchez ◽

Aurel Lunguleasa ◽

Constantin Ionescu ◽

Catalin Croitoru

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

High Performance ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Ash Content ◽

Effective Density ◽

Final Conclusion ◽

Density Method ◽

Wheat Straw Biomass

Wheat straw briquettes are high performance combustible products obtained by densification from the wheat straw biomass without the use of additional adhesives or additives. The purpose of the paper is to analyze and to detail the physical properties (SR EN ISO / CEI 322 for moisture content by method of drying and weighing, and effective density method according to SR EN ISO / CEI 323: 2005) and calorific properties of these briquettes (high and low calorific value according to ÖNORM M7135 using the XRY-1C / China Calorimeter and ash content according to ASTM D1102-84: 2013 and ISO 18122: 2015) and to make a comparison between these briquettes and other briquettes obtained from wooden biomass. The tested briquettes had a moisture content of 8%, an effective density of 1214 kg/m3, a high calorific value of 17.670 MJ/kg, the low of 17.525 MJ/kg and an ash content of 5.6%. All these values correspond to the permissible limits of the standards in the field. The final conclusion of the paper shows that wheat straw briquettes had physical and calorific properties similar to those of wooden biomass.

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