scholarly journals A MODEL-THEORETICAL ANALYSIS FOR DIGITAL TAX ADMINISTRATIONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Krieger
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Model Theory ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
Compliance Costs ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
Tax Systems ◽  
The Impact

Fairness in the sense of tax equality is a fundamental principle in modern tax systems. In recent years tax administrations have been making tremendous advances in moving from paper tax returns to a far-reaching digitalisation of the taxation procedure. This paper represents the first attempt to examine the impact of digitalisation of the tax administration on fair taxation through model theory. The model suggested in this paper is based on Allingham and Sandmo’s tax evasion model (Allingham & Sandmo, 1972, 323–338) supplemented by psychological costs of tax evasion and compliance costs and then transferred to the context of digitalisation and fair taxation. The model is intended to mathematically derive the influence of various digitalisation measures on the taxpayer's decision to behave fairly. It implies that the objective of fair taxation should be promoted with a mix of deterrent and encouraging measures.

scholarly journals Current State of Research on the Interaction of Theory on Tax Evasion and the Developments in the Field of Digital Tax Administration

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-110
Author(s):  
Tina Krieger
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Rich ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Fairness in the sense of tax equality is a fundamental principle in modern tax systems, which needs to be protected for various reasons. This has become challenging for tax administrations – particularly in the digital age. On the one hand, digitalisation entails the danger of tax evasion and avoidance, but if used properly by the tax authorities, it may as well be a chance for more tax transparency. By surveying the existing literature on tax compliance in the context of digitalisation, this paper represents a first attempt to merge the rich research already done on the theory of tax evasion with the insights gained from the digitalisation efforts of tax administrations. The objective of this paper is to provide a solid starting point for further research in the area of digitalisation and fair taxation, addressing the research question: “How can digitalisation of the tax administrations contribute to fair taxation?” From the literature research, it became clear that there is no publication of a theoretical nature that systematically deals with the impact of the digitalisation of the tax administration on the objectives of fair taxation. However, our research revealed numerous literary references that provide a valuable starting point to unite the research streams and bridge the research gap identified.

scholarly journals Pandemics and Tax Innovations: What can we Learn from History?

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-297
Author(s):  
A. I. Pogorletskiy ◽  
◽  
F. Söllner ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Inductive Method ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tax Incentive ◽  
Tax Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tax Regulation

In this article, we shall see how pandemics of deadly diseases have changed tax systems over the past two millennia, each time leading to the emergence of new forms of taxation and tax administration. The purpose of the article is to prove that pandemics and the most notable innovations in tax policy are closely interrelated and that the consequences of the largest pandemics in the history of mankind are new approaches to the organization of national tax systems as well as the formation of interstate tax regulation. The lessons from history can be applied to the current corona crisis and may help us devise the appropriate anti-crisis tax policy. The study is based on the historical empirical-inductive method applied to reliable facts of the past related to pandemics and taxation. We trace the evolution of tax policy under the impact of the most significant pandemics and identify patterns of taxation and tax administration that are specific to their eras and are still relevant in the course of the pandemic COVID-19. Our analysis allows us to draw the following conclusions: (1) There is a historical link between pandemics and tax regulation. Many tax innovations originated in response to the consequences of large-scale epidemics of deadly diseases. (2) Many of the tax incentive tools used today in the fight against the corona crisis have already been used during previous pandemics so that we may learn from the experience of earlier times. (3) The COVID-19 pandemic can be expected to have several important consequences for taxation and public finance: innovations in tax administration with an emphasis on remote fiscal audits and digital control; innovations in the taxation of digital companies and their operations at the national and international level; possibly fundamental changes in the tax system of the European Union; and possibly a return of the inflation tax.

Complexity, Corruption, and Tax Evasion

2020 ◽  
pp. 160-178
Author(s):  
Vito Tanzi
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tax Laws ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
Tax Systems ◽  
Determining Factor ◽  
Laws And Regulations

This chapter explores the various links that exist between growing complexity, corruption, and tax evasion. Over the past three decades corruption and tax evasion seem to have increased in many countries. The growing complexity of tax systems that now require thousands of pages of laws and regulations has clearly been a determining factor. Tax laws have become increasingly difficult to interpret and to comply with. This has created an important asymmetry between clever and rich individuals who have the means to hire tax experts to prepare their tax returns and the rest. This asymmetry has also convinced many taxpayers, especially in Anglo-Saxon countries, that their taxes are higher than they actually are. The complexity and its impact on the taxpayers is likely to have been a contributing factors to the growing income inequality that has characterized recent years.

scholarly journals The Impact of Tax Administration on Revenue Generation in Gombe State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Stephen N
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
Revenue Generation ◽  
The Impact

Taxes<em> have been the bedrock of revenue generation to any government. The administration of tax is very important to any government as it is the body responsible for implementing and governing the tax laws and other tax related to assessment, collection and remittance of tax. This study is aimed at ascertaining the effect of tax administration on revenue generation in Gombe state. The study uses survey research design. The primary source of data collection was adopted, which analysed using descriptive statistics was made up of frequencies and simple percentages. Cronbach's Alpha diagnose was carried out to seek for reliability of the questions contained in the questionnaire Three Hypotheses were presented in this research and were tested using Spearman’s Rank correlation, Pearson correlation and linear regression. Research findings indicated that Tax Administration in the state is not efficient and effective. The study revealed further that revenue generated in the state is low to meet its objectives due to low level of enlightenment of tax payers and incidents of tax evasion and tax avoidance. To this end, the study recommends, among others, that authorities should embark on more enlightenment campaign of citizens on the significance of paying Personal Income Tax, the quality and efficiency of tax workers should be improved so that more effective administration will be achieved and automation of the system.</em>

scholarly journals Do Small Businesses Respond to a Change in Tax Audit Rules? Evidence from Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 792-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Santoro
Keyword(s):  
Administrative Data ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Compliance Costs ◽  
Tax Audit ◽  
The Impact

Tax evasion by small businesses can be tackled using different approaches. A traditional one recommends to increase the probability of an audit that is perceived by small businesses. Clearly, this entails high administrative and compliance costs. Another possibility is to reduce the room for accounting manipulation by applying more stringent accounting standards. This article uses a panel of administrative data concerning 71,000 Italian small businesses observed in tax years 2005 to 2008. The aim of this article is to evaluate the impact of a reform implemented in 2006. Until 2005, small businesses adopting more stringent accounting standards were granted a special audit regime such that the probability to be audited was particularly low. This regime was repealed in 2006. It is shown that the reform increased profits and turnover, as reported by the subset of businesses that were more likely to perceive the reform as an increase in the probability of an audit.

Cash economy: tax evasion amongst SMEs in Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 974-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhar Mohamad ◽  
Mohd Hasrol Zakaria ◽  
Zarinah Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Audit Data ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
Tax Audit ◽  
Inland Revenue ◽  
Cash Economy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between tax evasion and certain demographic factors such as location, engagement of tax agent, size and type of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) industry in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach In this study, using proprietary tax audit data from the Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia (IRBM) on the 2011 tax returns of SMEs, the authors run a multiple regression analysis to examine the impact of location, agent, type of industry, size of enterprise and type of tax evasion on SMEs’ tax evasion in Malaysia. Findings The authors find that tax evasion among SMEs in Malaysia is the highest when the business is located in a suburban environment and has no tax agent. Tax evasion is also influenced by the size of the SME (micro or medium). Originality/value This study gives insight that the IRBM can use to aid its collection department in profiling SMEs that have a higher tendency to evade paying tax.

Tax systems taxpayer compliance and specific tax issues

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Mohd Hanefah
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Compliance Costs ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Tax Systems ◽  
Specific Tax

This book has eight chapters. Each chapter discusses one topic related to taxation. The topics covered in this book are tax systems, taxpayer compliance, compliance costs, transfer pricing, accounting malpractices and tax issues, taxation of ecommerce, and electronic tax administration. These topics are relevant to the advanced taxation course in the under-graduate and post-graduate programs (Masters and PhD). Each topic is discussed with relevant literature. The first three chapters touch on issues and problems related to the new tax administrative system i.e the self-assessment system, which is being implemented in developed countries including Malaysia, and is now being adopted for implementation in many developing countries worldwide. Chapters 2, 3 and 4 give an insight to issues related to tax systems, taxpayer compliance and compliance costs. The other four chapters 5, 6, 7 and 8 discuss topics that are categorised as selected tax issues. The selected tax issues include transfer pricing, accounting malpractices and tax issues, taxation of ecommerce and electronic tax administration. These issues have not been deliberated before, and it is timely that a book of this nature is published for tax authorities, researchers, students, lecturers, authorities and practitioners. Past literature and research findings are quoted to support the discussions in each chapter. The authors own research findings in certain topics found in this book are used to support the arguments and discussions.

scholarly journals Modeling the Probability of the Detection Process of Tax Evasion Taking into Account Quality and Quantity Indicators

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Akif Musayev ◽  
Mirvari Gazanfarli
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Information Base ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The Impact

Aims: In contrast to the classical approaches of the standard model of tax evasion based on game theory, our manuscript has considered the detection of tax evasion as one of the main function of tax administration and has proposed a model for assessing the probability of tax evasion taking into consideration qualitative and quantitative indicators. Study Design: This investigation has been carried out on the basis of research methods such as scientific abstraction and systematic analysis, expert evaluation, logical generalization, statistical analysis. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Mathematical provision of economic researches, between November 2019 and May 2020. Methodology: For the evaluating of the probability of tax evasion’s detection firstly, efficiency indicators of tax administration were selected including 3 groups such as internal environmental, external micro, and external macro-environmental factors. These indicators consist of both quantitative as well as qualitative indicators. Quantitative indicators were assessed on the base on statistics information base. Quantitative indicators were assessed on the base of expert skills, knowledge, and experiences in accordance with under investigation countries. The objectiveness of obtained data that characterize qualitative indicators was checked and used both these as well as quantitative indicators for formulating the tax efficiency index. The next step is consists of using these formulations for evaluating the probability of detection of tax evasion under uncertainty. The impact degrees (membership functions) of the parameters that characterize the influence of 3 groups-environmental factors, in the detection of tax evasion were defined, and taking them into account in the fuzzy inference system probability of detection of tax evasion was assessed. Limitations: Lack or uncertainties of the information base cause difficulties in applying our model. Results: The probability of detection of tax evasion in the Republic of Azerbaijan was assessed with the proposed model and depends on the results recommendations have been consulted for improving appropriate tax system. As a result of model the probability of detection of tax evasion was defined 29%. The result shows that tax administration mechanism in Azerbaijan Republic need to be improved. Conclusion: Proposed model drives practical significance as a providing effective activity of tax institutions by defining the level of tax administration, as well as, as an impacting remarkably the revenue of state budget by determining the probability of tax evasion's detection.

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