scholarly journals Dynamic Mechanical And Water Absorption Properties Of Microcrystalline Cellulose Reinforced Polypropylene Composites: The Effect Of Unconventional Irradiation Route

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-196
Author(s):  
Noorasikin Samat ◽  
Nurul Hakimah Mohd Lazim ◽  
Zahurin Halim
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Recycled Polypropylene ◽  
Stiffness And Damping ◽  
Low Irradiation

The unconventional electron beam (EB) irradiation route in preparing microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fiber reinforced recycled polypropylene (rPP) composites was studied. In this route, the rPP was first subjected to EB irradiation at various doses (10-50kGy) and was then used as a compatibilizer. Unirradiated and irradiated rPPs were blended at two different ratios (90:10; 50:50) and added with MCC at contents of 5, 20 and 40wt%. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and water absorption tests were carried out. The DMA spectra exhibited high stiffness and damping behaviour. As the content of MCC increased, the water resistance of composites dropped slightly as compared to the controlled rPP. However, some compositions (50:50/40MCC-10kGy and 50:50/5MCC-50kGy) had shown opposite results. The improvement in the studied properties proved the existence of the compatibility effect that occurred at low irradiation doses, and also depended on the ratio (unirradiated and irradiated rPP) and MCC contents. ABSTRAK: Kaedah sinaran gelombang elektron secara bukan konvensional dalam penyediaan komposit polipropilena kitar semula (rPP) bersama serat selulosa mikrohablur (MCC) telah dikaji. Dalam kaedah ini, rPP telah didedahkan kepada sinaran gelombang elektron dengan dos yang berbeza (10-50kGy) dan kemudiannya digunakan sebagai penserasi.  rPP tidak tersinar dan tersinar telah dicampur dengan nisbah  (90:10; 50:50) dan ditambah dengan MCC pada kandungan 5, 20 and 40wt%. Analisis dinamik mekanikal (DMA) dan ujian penyerapan air telah dijalankan. Spektrum DMA menunjukkan sifat kekakuan dan pengenduran yang tinggi. Apabila kandungan MCC bertambah, kerintangan komposit terhadap air berkurang sedikit berbanding rPP terkawal. Bagaimanapun sebahagian komposisi (50:50/40MCC-10kGy and 50:50/5MCC-50kGy) telah menunjukkan keputusan sebaliknya. Penambahbaikan sifat bahan dalam kajian ini membuktikan kewujudan kesan keserasian yang berlaku pada dos sinaran rendah, dan juga bergantung kepada nisbah (rPP tidak tersinar dan tersinar) dan kandungan MCC.                

Mechanical and morphological characterization of basalt/Cissus quadrangularis hybrid fiber reinforced polylactic acid composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (14) ◽  
pp. 2895-2907 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Arul Jeya Kumar ◽  
M Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Cissus Quadrangularis

In today's scenario, most of the research works are carried out on the replacement of synthetic fibers using eco-friendly materials called natural fibers. Although there are many research findings in connection with natural fibers, in this work, a new combination of natural fiber having high biomedical potential is reinforced in the polymer composite. Three different weight fractions of polylactic acid, basalt, and Cissus quadrangularis fibers were melt mixed using twin-screw extruder named as PBCQ 1, PBCQ 2, and PBCQ 3. The mechanical, physical, and thermomechanical properties were studied by testing tensile, flexural, impact, hardness, water absorption, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and dynamic mechanical analysis of the injection-molded biomedical composite specimens prepared as per ASTM standards. It was noticed that the PBCQ 2 composite has the maximum elongation strength, bending strength, shear strength, and shore D hardness compared to other composites taken in this study. Water absorption of PBCQ 1 and PBCQ 2 composites are relatively less than PBCQ 3. The scanning electron microscopy micrograph of PBCQ composites shows tight bonding between the matrix and fibers. The adhesion of matrix and fibers was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy graph, which indicates the stretching of molecular structure for the occurrence of O–H, C=O, and C–H links. The dynamic mechanical analysis curve of the PBCQ 2 composite indicates high storage modulus and less loss modulus compared to PBCQ 1 and PBCQ 3 due to the low weight percentage of basalt fiber in these composites.

Effect of Fiber Size on Mechanical and Water Absorption Properties of Recycled Polypropylene/Empty Fruit Bunches (rPP/EFB) Bio-Composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 842 ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozi Adi Saputra ◽  
Ludfiaastu Rinawati ◽  
Kartika Setia Rini ◽  
Dheo Adha Saputra ◽  
Edi Pramono
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Recycled Polypropylene ◽  
Fiber Size

The influence of fiber size on mechanical and water absorption properties of recycled Polypropylene/Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (namely, rPP/EFB) bio-composites has been conducted study. rPP/EFB bio-composite was a compounding of recycled polypropylene (rPP) and palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) with different sizes, i.e. particle size (150 mesh sieve escaped, referred as p-EFB) and short fiber (s-EFB). Manufacturing of the bio-composites was prepared by the solution method in boiling xylene via reactively process using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator. The addition of coupling agent, such as maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH) was improve the chemical interaction between the rPP and EFB which evidenced by the shift of the wave number of raw materials on infra-red spectra of rPP/EFB bio-composite. Mechanical properties test showed that s-EFB was increase the tensile strength value up to 95% compare to rPP, higher than the p-EFB which is 56% compare to rPP. However, the elongation percentage of the bio-composites contain s-EFB was lower than the bio-composites contain p-EFB. Water absorption analysis also performed in this study to determine the biodegradability of bio-composites. In this study, fiber size gives a considerable influence on the mechanical properties of rPP/EFB bio-composites, however not significant on water absorption properties.

PLA-coated sisal fibre-reinforced polyester composite: Water absorption, static and dynamic mechanical properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
MK Gupta ◽  
Rohit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Static Properties ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Sisal Fibre ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical

In the present work, a novel physical treatment (PLA coating) of sisal fibres and its influence on the water absorption, static and dynamic mechanical properties of its composites has been presented. The treated sisal fibres were used consisted of alkali treatment and PLA coating to fabricate its polyester-based composites by hand lay-up technique keeping constant fibres content as 20 wt.% . Water absorption analysis was carried out in terms of water uptake (%), and sorption, diffusion and permeability coefficient. In addition, static properties were examined in terms of tensile, flexural and impact test, and dynamic mechanical analysis was performed in terms of storage modulus [Formula: see text], loss modulus [Formula: see text], damping [Formula: see text] and glass transition temperature [Formula: see text]. It was reported that the PLA-coated sisal composites showed the best performance in water absorption, mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties than pure sisal and alkali-treated sisal composites. There were 33%, 49%, 48%, and 27% improvement in water resistance, tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength, respectively, of PLA-coated sisal composites as compared to that of pure sisal composite.

Mechanical and water absorption properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/sago pith waste biocomposites

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1201-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toh Wen Yee ◽  
Lai Jau Choy ◽  
Wan Aizan Wan Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
General Phenomenon ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Study Variable ◽  
Sago Pith Waste ◽  
Restricted Mobility

A series of blends of sago pith waste (SPW) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared. Mechanical and water absorption properties of the composites have been investigated. In this study, variable amounts of plasticized SPW (pSPW) and PVA (pPVA) were processed in the presence of glycerol as plasticizers. Composites were compression molded and evaluated. The addition of pSPW reduced the tensile properties of the composites, lowering the elongation and increasing Young’s modulus. The reduction in mechanical strength with the addition of pSPW was a general phenomenon due to the poor interfacial adhesion between the pPVA and Pspw, which can be proved by the scanning electron microscope observations. The percentage of water absorbed of the pPVA/pSPW biocomposites was higher than either the pPVA or pSPW alone while pSPW showed better water resistance compared to pPVA because of the restricted mobility exerted by the cellulose fibers. The incorporation of SPW into PVA decreased both the mechanical and water absorption properties.

The effects of microcrystalline cellulose on the flammability and thermal behaviours of flame retarded natural fibre epoxy composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-367
Author(s):  
Pooria Khalili ◽  
Xiao Ling Liu ◽  
Kim Yeow Tshai ◽  
Ing Kong ◽  
Chris Rudd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Flame Retarded ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Alumina Trihydrate

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to fabricate and characterize the natural fibre (NF) reinforced epoxy composites containing flame retardants (FRs) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in terms of flammability, thermal properties and dynamic mechanical performances. Design/methodology/approach The FRs used in this study were ammonium polyphosphate and alumina trihydrate. Findings The results demonstrated that the addition of MCC particles into the flame retardant composite (control) further enhanced the self-extinguishing properties of composites, in particular, the burn length. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the mass residue improved with every addition of MCC particles at 700 °C. For instance, the residual weight enhanced from 28.4 Wt.% to 33 Wt.% for the control and the composite with 7 Wt.% MCCs, respectively. As obtained from the dynamic mechanical analysis, the glass transition temperature of composites increased upon increasing inclusion of MCC particles. For example, this parameter was 77.1 °C and 86.8 °C for the control and composite loaded with 7 Wt.% MCC, respectively. Originality/value Thus, the combination of MCC and FR had been proved to be a promising flame retardant system for NF reinforced epoxy.

Study of effect of wood-flour content on mechanical, thermal, rheological properties and thermoformability of wood-polypropylene composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepti Marathe ◽  
Hemant Joshi ◽  
Pratiksha Kambli ◽  
Pramod Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Small Amplitude Oscillatory Shear ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical

Abstract Wood plastic composites (WPC) were made from polypropylene (PP), impact copolymer (ICP) and wood flour (WF) by varying the WF content from 10 to 40% with PP grafted maleic anhydride as a coupling agent. The effect of varying WF content was studied on rheological, thermal, mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical properties. Experimental small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) data was compared with the Einstein–Batchelor and empirical Krieger–Dougherty relations. Significant dependence of mechanical and rheological properties on WF content was observed. Young’s modulus, flexural modulus and dynamic shear viscosity increased with WF content. Results of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed increase in storage modulus with WF content. Three millimeter thick compression molded composites sheets were thermoformed using axisymmetric molds with two draw depths. Sag observed visually during thermoforming decreased with increasing WF content. Components made from the composites showed close to uniform thickness distribution as compared to those from ICP.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Green Recycled Polypropylene Composites: Effect of Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polypropylene (MAPP) Coupling Agent

2013 ◽  
Vol 812 ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Izzati Zulkifli ◽  
Noorasikin Samat
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Appreciable Change ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Recycled Polypropylene ◽  
Tensile Impact

Recycled polypropylene/microcrystalline cellulose (rPP/MCC) composites were prepared by adding different loadings of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) coupling agent. The tensile, impact and morphological properties of the composites were investigated. The obtained results show that the tensile and impact strengths of the composites were significantly enhanced with the addition of MAPP loading from 2 to 5 wt%, as compared with unfilled rPP/MCC composites. However, it was found that at low filler content, different amounts of MAPP resulted in no appreciable change in the tensile strength and modulus. Moreover, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results indicated that, increasing the amount of MAPP loading from 2 to 5 wt% in rPP/MCC provide better stiffness of the composite compared to those neat rPP and neat PP. Field emission scanning microscopy (FESEM) has shown that the composite, with MAPP loading, promotes better fibermatrix interaction.

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