Peanut Response to Prohexadione Calcium, a New Plant Growth Regulator

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne E. Mitchem ◽  
Alan C. York ◽  
Roger B. Batts
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Calcium Salt ◽  
Lateral Branch ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Butanedioic Acid ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium ◽  
Crop Maturity

Abstract Experiments in 1992, 1993, and 1994 evaluated prohexadione calcium (calcium salt of 3,5-dioxo-4-propionylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid) as a growth regulator for peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Two experiments in 1992 compared prohexadione calcium applied at 140 to 560 g ae/ha at the early pegging stage (PG) or at the row closure stage (RC). Greater suppression of main stem (MS) and cotyledonary lateral branch (CLB) length and greater row visibility at harvest were noted when prohexadione calcium was applied at RC. Prohexadione calcium applied at RC decreased MS and CLB length at harvest 16 to 27% and 14 to 29%, respectively, and greatly improved row visibility. Prohexadione calcium applied at PG generally reduced yield and the percentage of extra large kernels (ELK), fancy pods (FP), and total sound mature kernels (TSMK) but had no effect on crop maturity. Prohexadione calcium applied at RC generally had no effect on yield or the proportion of TSMK but increased the percentage of ELK, decreased the percentage of FP, and enhanced crop maturity. Two experiments in 1993 compared prohexadione calcium at rates of 47 to 280 g/ha applied at RC or at RC and again 3 wk later (RC3). Prohexadione calcium at 140 and 280 g/ha applied at RC suppressed MS and CLB length at harvest 11 to 18% and improved row visibility. Single and sequential applications were equally effective. Prohexadione calcium had no effect on yield, maturity, or the percentage of ELK, FP, and TSMK in 1993. One experiment in 1994 compared prohexadione calcium at rates of 186 to 280 g/ha applied at RC and RC3 or at RC and RC3 and 6 wk after RC (RC6). Results were similar with all treatments. MS and CLB length at harvest was reduced 29 to 34% and 28 to 32%, respectively, and row visibility was greatly improved. Prohexadione calcium increased yield 8% and increased the percentage of ELK but had no effect on the percentage of FP and TSMK. Daminozide [butanedioic acid mono (2,2-dimethylhydrazide)] at 950 to 1430 g ae/ha was included in all experiments as a comparison. Row visibility and suppression of MS and CLB length at harvest in prohexadione calcium-treated peanut were at least as great as in daminozide-treated peanut. Results indicate prohexadione calcium could be an effective-replacement for daminozide.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Response to the Hormonal Plant Growth Regulator Early Harvest®

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Beasley ◽  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
D. L. Jordan ◽  
R. G. Lemon ◽  
B. A. Besler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Commercial Plant ◽  
Commercial Mixture ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Early Harvest

Abstract Experiments were conducted from 1996 through 2001 in Georgia, North Carolina, and Texas to determine peanut response to the commercial plant growth regulator Early Harvest® (a commercial mixture of cytokinin, gibberellic acid, and indole butyric acid). Early Harvest (applied in the seed furrow) or Early Harvest TST (applied as a dry seed treatment) followed by four foliar applications (four-leaf peanut, initial pegging, 14 d after initial pegging, and pod fill), was compared to non-treated peanut in five, 13, and three experiments in these respective states. Early Harvest did not affect pod yield or gross economic value of peanut regardless of location, cultivar, or edaphic and environmental conditions. These data suggest that a spray program consisting of Early Harvest most likely will not improve pod yield or gross economic value of peanut.

Effect of Bensulfuron-Methyl on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) Growth and Development

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-855
Author(s):  
C. Dale Monks ◽  
Michael G. Patterson ◽  
Malcolm Pegues
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Mepiquat Chloride ◽  
Boll Rot ◽  
Effect On Yield

Field experiments were conducted in Alabama from 1992 through 1994 to evaluate the potential of the methyl ester of bensulfuron applied at sublethal rates as a plant growth regulator for reducing plant height and boll rot in cotton. Bensulfuron at 0.017 and 0.034 g ai/ha or mepiquat chloride at 10 g ai/ha was applied POST alone at the pinhead square or early-bloom stage of cotton growth or sequentially at 0.017 followed by (fb) 0.017 g/ha, 0.034 fb 0.034 g/ha of bensulfuron and 5 fb 5, 10 fb 10, 10 fb 20, or 20 fb 20 g/ha of mepiquat chloride. Mepiquat chloride had no effect on yield in 1992 and 1994 but decreased yield when applied sequentially in 1993. Bensulfuron was generally detrimental to first position fruit retention, and it delayed maturity. Treatments that reduced plant height did not reduce boll rot. Bensulfuron treatments that reduced plant height also reduced yield; therefore, the potential for its use as a growth regulator in cotton appears limited.

scholarly journals Use of Prohexadione Calcium on Grass Species Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R.G. QUEIROZ ◽  
A.C. SILVA JR. ◽  
D. MARTINS
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

ABSTRACT: This study has aimed to evaluate the effect of prohexadione-calcium as a plant growth regulator on growth and quality of Japanese lawn grass, Broadleaf carpet grass and Bermudagrass. The treatments and doses of the prohexadione-calcium tested with two three reapplications were 27.5, 55.0, 110.0, 165.0 and 165.0 g a.i. ha-1, and a control without application of a growth regulator. Visual injury evaluations were performed using a scale of scores and plant height and chipping dry matter were determined. We have evaluated the total thickness of the sod grass, root length and dry matter of this material at the end of the experimental period. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications. The results were submitted to analysis of variance by F-test and the averages of the treatments were compared by t test at 5% probability. The prohexadione-calcium plant growth regulator was visually selective and reduced shoot growth of the three species of grass and can thus be used in the management of lawns in gardens and sports areas. As for the production of sod grass, the prohexadione-calcium can be recommended for Japanese lawn grass and Broadleaf sod grass, especially doses 165.0+165.0 and 55.0+55.0+55.0 respectively, because they have provided a better quality sod grass. For Bermudagrass, the effect of the treatments was harmful for the quality of sod grass and is not recommended for production purposes.

Transplanted maize (Zea mays) for grain production in southern England. III. Effects of plant growth regulator treatments on maize transplant morphology

1997 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. DALE ◽  
D. S. H. DRENNAN
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Maize Kernels ◽  
Crop Maturity ◽  
Soil Level

Maize kernels were soaked for 16 h in solutions containing the growth regulators BAS 106.W at 40 or 80 mg/l, PP333 at 80 or 160 mg/l, or BNO 0184 at 100 or 150 mg/l. The plant growth regulator (PGR)-treated kernels and water-soaked controls were sown in planting trays, and seedling transplants were raised in a glasshouse for 24 days. When they were planted in the field, the PGR-treated plants were significantly shorter than controls, with average plant heights (measured from soil level to uppermost leaf collar) of 4·7 cm (BAS 106.W, 40 mg/l), 3·7 cm (BAS 106.W, 80 mg/l), 6·1 cm (PP333, 80 mg/l), 8·0 cm (PP333, 160 mg/l), 6·4 cm (BNO 0184, 100 mg/l), 7·1 cm (BNO 0184, 150 mg/l) and 11·0 cm (controls). The dwarfing of PGR-treated transplants was mainly due to shortened leaf insertions of the lower leaves. Shoot weights were little affected by PGR-treatment, since decreased plant heights were partly compensated for by thicker stems and broader leaves. PGR effects on leaf numbers were negligible. At crop maturity, PGR-treated plants and controls showed similar grain weights and harvest indices. A partial leaf removal treatment at planting using untreated seedlings was associated with rapid crop establishment in the field and like the PGR treatments, it had no significant effect on final yield. It is suggested that a PGR-treatment with a short term dwarfing effect would facilitate the production and handling of maize seedling transplants and may improve establishment and early growth in the field.

Peanut Response to Prohexadione Calcium as Affected by Cultivar and Digging Date

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Culpepper ◽  
D. L. Jordan ◽  
R. B. Batts ◽  
A. C. York
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Calcium Salt ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Canopy Architecture ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

Abstract An experiment at two locations in 1995 and two locations in 1996 evaluated virginia-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) response to the growth regulator prohexadione calcium (calcium salt of 3,5-dioxo-4-propionylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid) as affected by cultivars and digging dates. Prohexadione calcium at 140 g ai/ha was applied at row closure and again 3 wk later in 1995 or 140 g/ha at row closure and 70 g/ha 3 and 6 wk later in 1996. The cultivars AgraTech (AT) VC-1, NC 9, NC 10C, NC 12C, NC-V11, and VA-C92R were dug on three separate dates approximately 11d apart. Response to prohexadione calcium was independent of digging dates. Prohexadione calcium altered canopy architecture and increased row visibility at harvest for all cultivars although the response was greatest with NC-V 11 and least with NC 9. Prohexadione calcium hastened pod maturity, increased percentages of extra large kernels, total sound mature kernels, and fancy pods, and increased peanut value/kg irrespective of cultivars and digging dates. Yield response to prohexadione calcium was cultivar dependent. NC 9 was most responsive, with yield increased 7 to 16% at all locations. Yields of ATVC-1, NC 10C, NC 12C, and NC-V 11 were increased 9 to 15% at two locations and unaffected at two locations. VA-C 92R was the least responsive, with yield increased 5% at two locations and decreased 8% at two locations.

scholarly journals Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Cultivar Response to Prohexadione Calcium

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Russell C. Nuti ◽  
Joshua B. Beam ◽  
Sarah H. Lancaster ◽  
James E. Lanier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Internode Elongation ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Final Experiment ◽  
Vine Growth ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium ◽  
Digging Efficiency

Abstract Peanut digging efficiency is often reduced due to excessive vine growth. The plant growth regulator prohexadione calcium retards vegetative growth and improves row visibility by inhibiting internode elongation resulting in improved digging efficiency and in some instances increases in pod yield. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of prohexadione calcium on row visibility and pod yield of newly released and commercially available cultivars AT VC-2, Brantley, CHAMPS, Georgia Green, Gregory, Perry, Phillips, NC-V 11, NC 12C, Tamspan 90, and VA 98R and the breeding lines N02006, N01013T, and VT 976133. Although differences in row visibility were noted among cultivars, prohexadione calcium improved row visibility in almost every experiment regardless of cultivar. The cultivars NC 12C and Perry were more responsive to prohexadione calcium in terms of pod yield than NC-V 11 or VA 98R. Response of these cultivars was independent of digging date. In other experiments, prohexadione calcium improved row visibility of the cultivars AT VC-2, Gregory, NC-V 11, Perry, VA 98R, and Wilson, but did not increase yield when compared with non-treated peanut. In a final experiment, prohexadione calcium improved row visibility of the Virginia market type cultivars Brantley, CHAMPS, Gregory, and Phillips and the experimental lines N02006, N01013T, and VT 976133. Row visibility for the experimental line N01013T was improved at 2 of 4 sites by prohexadione calcium. In a final experiment, prohexadione calcium increased row visibility of Georgia Green, Gregory, and Tamspan 90 but did not affect pod yield of these cultivars.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Response to Cyclanilide and Prohexadione Calcium

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Jordan ◽  
J. B. Beam ◽  
J. E. Lanier ◽  
S. H. Lancaster ◽  
P. D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Vine Growth ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

Abstract Excessive growth of Virginia market-type peanut affects row visibility and pod yield of peanut. Ten experiments were conducted from 2000 to 2002 in North Carolina to compare peanut response to cyclanilide and prohexadione calcium applied at 50% row closure followed by a repeat application 2 wk later. Cyclanilide and prohexadione calcium increased row visibility in all experiments. Main stem height was shorter at the end of the season when cyclanilide and prohexadione calcium were applied compared with non-treated peanut in all experiments except one. Prohexadione calcium improved row visibility compared with cyclanilide in three experiments and equaled cyclanilide in seven experiments. Main stem height was similar following application of cyclanilide and prohexadione calcium in eight of the 10 experiments. When pooled over experiments, pod yield ranged from 4210 to 4480 kg/ha and did not differ between non-treated peanut and peanut treated with either plant growth regulator. However, prohexadione calcium did increase pod yield of peanut compared with cyclanilide. Results indicate that cyclanilide is not as effective as prohexadione calcium in managing peanut vine growth because of inconsistent enhancement of row visibility and possible negative impacts on pod yield.

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