Remote monitoring of gas pipelines on the basis of magnetic elastic sensors of mechanical voltage

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
V. V. Tsyganchuk ◽  
L. S. Shlapak ◽  
O. M. Matviienkiv ◽  
P. Ya. Sydor
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Software Platform ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Objective Information ◽  
Stress Measuring

A method of controlling the stress state of gas pipelines with a four-pole magnetoanisotropic converter has been suggested. The Arduino hardware and software platform has been used to enhance the capabilities of the INI-1C basic mechanical stress measuring device. The system of remote monitoring for periodic measurements of pipeline voltages, accumulation and analysis of the received data has been described in order to provide objective information for making technological decisions.

Process-Oriented Stress Modeling and Stress Evolution During Cu/Low-K BEOL Processing

2004 ◽  
Vol 812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie Jun Zhai ◽  
Paul R. Besser ◽  
Frank Feustel
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Plane Stress ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Stress Evolution ◽  
Process Step ◽  
Dual Damascene ◽  
Process Oriented ◽  
Low K

AbstractThe damascene fabrication method and the introduction of low-K dielectrics present a host of reliability challenges to Cu interconnects and fundamentally change the mechanical stress state of Cu lines. In order to capture the effect of individual process steps on the stress evolution in the BEoL (Back End of Line), a process-oriented finite element modeling (FEM) approach was developed. In this model, the complete stress history at any step of BEoL can be simulated as a dual damascene Cu structure is fabricated. The inputs to the model include the temperature profile during each process step and materials constants. The modeling results are verified in two ways: through wafer-curvature measurement during multiple film deposition processes and with X-Ray diffraction to measure the mechanical stress state of the Cu interconnect lines fabricated using 0.13um CMOS technology. The Cu line stress evolution is simulated during the process of multi-step processing for a dual damascene Cu/low-K structure. It is shown that the in-plane stress of Cu lines is nearly independent of subsequent processes, while the out-of-plane stress increases considerably with the subsequent process steps.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Influence of Compressed Hydrogen on the Mechanical Properties of Pipeline Steels

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6085
Author(s):  
Victor I. Bolobov ◽  
Il’nur U. Latipov ◽  
Gregory G. Popov ◽  
George V. Buslaev ◽  
Yana V. Martynenko
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stress State ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Plastic Deformations ◽  
Hydrogen Saturation ◽  
Elastic And Plastic Deformations ◽  
Potential Losses ◽  
Pipeline Wall

Consideration of the possibility of transporting compressed hydrogen through existing gas pipelines leads to the need to study the regularities of the effect of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of steels in relation to the conditions of their operation in pipelines (operating pressure range, stress state of the pipe metal, etc.). This article provides an overview of the types of influence of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of steels, including those used for the manufacture of pipelines. The effect of elastic and plastic deformations on the intensity of hydrogen saturation of steels and changes in their strength and plastic deformations is analyzed. An assessment of the potential losses of transported hydrogen through the pipeline wall as a result of diffusion has been made. The main issues that need to be solved for the development of a scientifically grounded conclusion on the possibility of using existing gas pipelines for the transportation of compressed hydrogen are outlined.

scholarly journals A regulated environment for micro-organs defines essential conditions for intercellular Ca2+ waves

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody E. Narciso ◽  
Nicholas M. Contento ◽  
Thomas J. Storey ◽  
David J. Hoelzle ◽  
Jeremiah J. Zartman
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Imaginal Discs ◽  
Mechanical Compression ◽  
Organ Cultures ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Wing Imaginal Discs ◽  
Stress Environment

ABSTRACTThe mechanical stress state of an organ is a critical, but still poorly understood, driver of organogenesis and regeneration. Here we report a chip-based regulated environment for micro-organs (REM-Chip) that enables systematic investigations of the crosstalk between an organ’s mechanical stress environment and biochemical signaling under a multitude of genetic and chemical perturbations. This method has enabled us to identify essential conditions for generating organ-scale intercellular calcium (Ca2+) waves (ICWs) in Drosophila wing imaginal discs that are also observed in vivo. Spontaneous ICWs require the presence of components in fly extract-based growth serum (FEX). Using the REM-Chip, we demonstrate that the release and not the initial application of mechanical compression is sufficient but not necessary to initiate ICWs. Further, the extent of the Ca2+ response is heterogeneous between discs and correlates with the degree of spontaneous ICWs activity in the pre-stress state. This system and method enable detailed examinations of the interplay between mechanical stress state, biochemical regulatory networks, and physiology in complex, hierarchically organized organ cultures.

scholarly journals A lightweight numerical model of railway track to predict mechanical stress state in the rail

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-162
Author(s):  
Maryam El Moueddeb ◽  
Francois Louf ◽  
Pierre-Alain Boucard ◽  
Franck Dadié ◽  
Gilles Saussine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Railway Track

Numerical simulation of the stress state of an erosion-worn tee of the main gas pipeline

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (101) ◽  
pp. 63-78
Author(s):  
Ya. Doroshenko ◽  
V. Zapukhliak ◽  
Ya. Grudz ◽  
L. Poberezhny ◽  
A. Hrytsanchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Residual Life ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Erosion Wear ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Gas Dynamic ◽  
Dimensional Simulation

Purpose: To investigate the strength of tees with regard to their erosion wear, it is necessary to consider the complex three-dimensional geometric shape of the erosion worn inner surface of the tee. In addition, the study of the strength of the erosion worn tees of the main gas pipelines is complicated by the occurrence of additional stresses caused by changes in the direction of movement of the gas stream, resulting in an uneven pressure distribution in the inner cavity of the tee, and the temperature difference in its walls. Design/methodology/approach: Methodology for complex numerical three-dimensional simulation of the stressed state of tees of the main gas pipelines, taking into account the gas-dynamic processes that occur in the places of these defects, erosion wear of the tee wall, temperature difference in the tee walls. Findings: The acceptable parameters of erosion defects of tees of gas pipelines, and residual life of tees with erosion defects of the wall should be determined. Research limitations/implications: The developed model does not take into account internal corrosion and corrosion products as an additional erosion factor. Further studies plan to develop a model of corrosion-erosion wear of pipeline elements. Practical implications: The developed technique allows determining the location of erosion defects, estimating the strength and determining the residual life of tees with erosion wear of the wall in order to ensure their reliability, to rank such defects according to the degree of danger, to determine which of them are critical and need an immediate repair. Originality/value: Based on the gas-dynamic processes occurring in the internal cavity of the main gas pipelines’ tees, the complex three-dimensional geometric form of wall erosion defects, and temperature difference, the technique of three-dimensional simulation of stress state of the main gas pipelines’ tees is developed.

Effects of Stress on the Adhesion of Metals to Polyimides

1988 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Seshan ◽  
R. H. Lacombe ◽  
J. B. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress State ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Adhesive Interface ◽  
Pull Testing ◽  
Pi System ◽  
Discrete Layer

AbstractThis paper describes the effects of ambient, thermal and mechanical stress on the adhesion of titanium (Ti) to polyimide (PI). Pull testing on the Ti/PI system shows that metal/polyimide bonding degrades when the composite is thermally cycled. A thermochemical mechanism is proposed that accounts for the interface degradation. We do not treat the adhesive interface as a discrete layer, but rather as a gradual “transition zone” between metal and polymer -- a zone that may grow, and/or change in composition and stress state, thus altering the adhesive properties. The mechanism predicts discontinuities that may develop in the transition zone. Through the use of finite element techniques, it is demonstrated that when loads and displacements are imposed on the composite containing interface discontinuities, large localized stresses develop. Such stresses could explain the experimentally observed low strength failures.

Hardness and Wear Resistance of Ni/Al2O3 Composite Coatings by Electrodeposition

2010 ◽  
Vol 154-155 ◽  
pp. 654-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Min Chang ◽  
Jian Hua Liu ◽  
Rui Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Pulse Current ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Al2o3 Content ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Al2o3 Composite ◽  
Fine Microstructure ◽  
Stress Measuring

Ni/Al2O3 composite coatings were prepared by direct current (DC), single pulse current (PC) and pulse reversal current (PRC), respectively. The hardness and wear resistance of the coatings were investigated and the morphology and elements distribution in cross-section were analyzed by the application of SEM/EDS, XRF and XRD equipped with stress measuring device. The results show that the hardness of the three kinds of coatings increase with increasing Al2O3 content. The coating prepared by PRC plating exhibits higher hardness and better wear resistance, while that of DC plating has lower hardness and poorer wear resistance. The higher hardness and better wear resistance of coating of PRC plating can be ascribed to fine microstructure and weaker stress between substrate and coatings.

Present Situation and Prospect of Residual Stress Modelling Technology in Metal Cutting

2014 ◽  
Vol 800-801 ◽  
pp. 601-606
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xiao Liang Cheng ◽  
Min Li Zheng ◽  
Zhao Xing Zhang ◽  
Shu Qi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Stress State ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Type Size ◽  
External Loads

Residual stress ,with the branch of type, size and direction, is defined as the stress state which exists in a body after all the external loads are removed [1].According to the mutual influence scope size,residual stress can be divided into macroscopic residual stress and micro residual stress. Cutting residual stress is mainly caused by mechanical stress, thermal stress and phase transformation.

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