Histomorphometric and Radiographic Analysis of Biological Responses Following the Use of Pure Hydroxyapatite and Hydroxyapatite with Collagen

Background and Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate in vivo two new biomaterials for bone substitution aiming to determining their ability to enable bone neoformation in critical-size defects in rats’ calvaria. Methods: Synthetic hydroxyapatite were developed – Pure hydroxyapatite (HaP) and Hydroxyapatite with collagen (HCol). The third synthetic hydroxyapatite used as a comparing element was the commercial hydroxyapatite Alobone® (HaAl). Sixty Wistar rats divided randomly into four groups (Group 1, HaP; Group 2, HaCol; Group 3, HaAl and Group 4, Control). Critical size defects of 8mm were performed in the calvaria, and the three biomaterials were implanted. All groups also received a collagen membrane. Results: On day 30, the inflammatory response on the defect was practically absent in all groups, mainly when compared to the period of 7 days. Some areas of bone neoformation were seen. There was predominance of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and macrophages in lower amounts. Regarding the radiographic aspect, after 30 days, a marked biodegradation of the hydroxyapatite and signs of bone neoformation were observed. Conclusions: It was concluded that the results of our study in vivo can be used as a preliminary source of information about biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bone neoformation from the implant of new biomaterials in vivo.

Download Full-text

In-vivo evaluation of the effect of cyanoacrylate on prosthetic vascular graft infection – does cyanoacrylate increase the severity of infection?

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526/a000867 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 281-284

Author(s):

Atıf Yolgosteren ◽

Gencehan Kumtepe ◽

Melda Payaslioglu ◽

Cuneyt Ozakin

Keyword(s):

Vascular Graft ◽

Graft Infection ◽

Vascular Graft Infection ◽

Group 4 ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infection ◽

Group 1

Summary. Background: Prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI) is a complication with high mortality. Cyanoacrylate (CA) is an adhesive which has been used in a number of surgical procedures. In this in-vivo study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between PVGI and CA. Materials and methods: Thirty-two rats were equally divided into four groups. Pouch was formed on back of rats until deep fascia. In group 1, vascular graft with polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) was placed into pouch. In group 2, MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected into pouch. In group 3, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece was placed into pouch and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. In group 4, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece impregnated with N-butyl cyanoacrylate-based adhesive was placed and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. All rats were scarified in 96th hour, culture samples were taken where intervention was performed and were evaluated microbiologically. Bacteria reproducing in each group were numerically evaluated based on colony-forming unit (CFU/ml) and compared by taking their average. Results: MRSA reproduction of 0 CFU/ml in group 1, of 1410 CFU/ml in group 2, of 180 200 CFU/ml in group 3 and of 625 300 CFU/ml in group 4 was present. A statistically significant difference was present between group 1 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 2 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 3 and group 4 (p < 0.05). In terms of reproduction, no statistically significant difference was found in group 1, group 2, group 3 in themselves. Conclusions: We observed that the rate of infection increased in the cyanoacyrylate group where cyanoacrylate was used. We think that surgeon should be more careful in using CA in vascular surgery.

Download Full-text

Progressive Memory Circuit Impairments along with Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropathology Spread: Evidence from in vivo Neuroimaging

Cerebral Cortex ◽

10.1093/cercor/bhaa162 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (11) ◽

pp. 5863-5873

Author(s):

Kaicheng Li ◽

Shuyue Wang ◽

Xiao Luo ◽

Qingze Zeng ◽

Yerfan Jiaerken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Cognitively Normal ◽

Memory Circuit ◽

Group 4 ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Disease Stages

Abstract During the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), neuropathology may propagate transneuronally, cause disruption in memory circuit, and lead to memory impairment. However, there is a lack of in vivo evidence regarding this process. Thus, we aim to simulate and observe the progression of neuropathology in AD continuum. We included cognitively normal (CN), mild cognitive impairments (MCI), and AD subjects, and further classified them using the A/T/N scheme (Group 0: CN, A − T−; Group 1: CN, A + T−; Group 2: CN, A + T+; Group 3: MCI, A + T+; Group 4: AD, A + T+). We investigated alterations of three core memory circuit structures: hippocampus (HP) subfields volume, cingulum-angular bundles (CAB) fiber integrity, and precuneus cortex volume. HP subfields volume showed the trend of initially increased and then decreased (starting from Group 2), while precuneus volume decreased in Groups 3 and 4. The CAB integrity degenerated in Groups 3 and 4 and aggravated with higher disease stages. Further, memory circuit impairments were correlated with neuropathology biomarkers and memory performance. Conclusively, our results demonstrated a pattern of memory circuit impairments along with AD progression: starting from the HP, then propagating to the downstream projection fiber tract and cortex. These findings support the tau propagation theory to some extent.

Download Full-text

In vivo microbiological evaluation of the effect of biomechanical preparation of root canals using different irrigating solutions

Journal of Applied Oral Science ◽

10.1590/s1678-77572006000200008 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 105-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mário Tanomaru Filho ◽

José Carlos Yamashita ◽

Mario Roberto Leonardo ◽

Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva ◽

Juliane Maria Guerreiro Tanomaru ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saline Solution ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Control Group ◽

Periapical Lesions ◽

Root Canals ◽

Group 4 ◽

Number Of Microorganisms ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of biomechanical preparation using different irrigating solutions. Seventy-eight root canals from premolars of four dogs were used. After experimental induction of periapical lesions, the root canals were prepared using the following solutions for irrigation: Group 1) 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); Group 2) 2% chlorhexidine (CHX); Group 3) saline solution and Group 4) control group with no biomechanical preparation. The microbiological evaluation of the root canals was performed by counting the colony forming units (CFUs) using different culture mediums. Two absorbent paper cones were used in each root canal in order to collect the microbiological samples before, and thirty days after the biomechanical preparation. The culture plates were incubated in aerobic, anaerobic and microaerophilic environment. Statistical evaluation was carried out using analysis of variance, Tukey and Student tests. The results demonstrated that there was reduction in the number of microorganisms in the NaOCl and CHX groups (p<0.05). There was greater effectiveness in the chlorhexidine group. The group that used saline solution and the control group presented an increased number of microorganisms. It can be concluded that the use of antimicrobial irrigating solutions during biomechanical preparation promotes the reduction of endodontic microbiota. However, a considerable number of microorganisms were still observed.

Download Full-text

Standardised Models for Inducing Experimental Peritoneal Adhesions in Female Rats

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/435056 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Bernhard Kraemer ◽

Christian Wallwiener ◽

Taufiek K. Rajab ◽

Christoph Brochhausen ◽

Markus Wallwiener ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parietal Peritoneum ◽

Female Rats ◽

Peritoneal Adhesions ◽

Group 4 ◽

Group 6 ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 5 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Animal models for adhesion induction are heterogeneous and often poorly described. We compare and discuss different models to induce peritoneal adhesions in a randomized, experimental in vivo animal study with 72 female Wistar rats. Six different standardized techniques for peritoneal trauma were used: brushing of peritoneal sidewall and uterine horns (group 1), brushing of parietal peritoneum only (group 2), sharp excision of parietal peritoneum closed with interrupted sutures (group 3), ischemic buttons by grasping the parietal peritoneum and ligating the base with Vicryl suture (group 4), bipolar electrocoagulation of the peritoneum (group 5), and traumatisation by electrocoagulation followed by closure of the resulting peritoneal defect using Vicryl sutures (group 6). Upon second look, there were significant differences in the adhesion incidence between the groups (P<0.01). Analysis of the fraction of adhesions showed that groups 2 (0%) and 5 (4%) were significantly less than the other groups (P<0.01). Furthermore, group 6 (69%) was significantly higher than group 1 (48%) (P<0.05) and group 4 (47%) (P<0.05). There was no difference between group 3 (60%) and group 6 (P=0.2). From a clinical viewpoint, comparison of different electrocoagulation modes and pharmaceutical adhesion barriers is possible with standardised models.

Download Full-text

Resolution and Prevention of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus-Induced Neurological Deficits by Treatment with the Protease Inhibitor TL-3

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.78.9.4525-4532.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 78 (9) ◽

pp. 4525-4532 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Salvador Huitron-Resendiz ◽

Sohela de Rozières ◽

Manuel Sanchez-Alavez ◽

Bernd Bühler ◽

Ying-Chuan Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protease Inhibitor ◽

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Treated Group ◽

Auditory Evoked Potential ◽

Neurological Deficits ◽

Group 4 ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2

ABSTRACT In vivo tests were performed to assess the influence of the protease inhibitor TL-3 on feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-induced central nervous system (CNS) deficits. Twenty cats were divided into four groups of five animals each. Group 1 received no treatment, group 2 received TL-3 only, group 3 received FIV strain PPR (FIV-PPR) only, and group 4 received FIV-PPR and TL-3. Animals were monitored for immunological and virological status, along with measurements of brain stem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) changes. Groups 1 and 2 remained FIV negative, and groups 3 and 4 became virus positive and seroconverted by 3 to 5 weeks postinoculation. No adverse effects were noted with TL-3 only. The average peak viral load for the virus-only group 3 animals was 1.32 × 106 RNA copies/ml, compared to 6.9 × 104 copies/ml for TL-3-treated group 4 cats. Group 3 (virus-only) cats exhibited marked progressive delays in BAEPs starting at 2 weeks post virus exposure, which is typical of infection with FIV-PPR. In contrast, TL-3-treated cats of group 4 exhibited BAEPs similar to those of control and drug-only cats. At 97 days postinfection, treatments were switched; i.e., group 4 animals were taken off TL-3 and group 3 animals were treated with TL-3. BAEPs in group 3 animals returned to control levels, while BAEPs in group 4 animals remained at control levels. After 70 days on TL-3, group 3 was removed from the drug treatment regimen. Delays in BAEPs immediately increased to levels observed prior to TL-3 treatment. The findings show that early TL-3 treatment can effectively eliminate FIV-induced changes in the CNS. Furthermore, TL-3 can counteract FIV effects on the CNS of infected cats, although continued treatment is required to maintain unimpaired CNS function.

Download Full-text

Progressive memory circuit impairments along with Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology spread: evidence from in vivo neuroimaging

10.21203/rs.2.23012/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kaicheng Li ◽

Shuyue Wang ◽

Xiao Luo ◽

Qingze Zeng ◽

Yerfan Jiaerken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Early Stage ◽

Memory Circuit ◽

Group 4 ◽

Starting Point ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Diagnosis Criteria

Abstract Background Along with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum, AD neuropathologies propagate trans-neuronally, causing the memory circuit disorganization and memory deficit. However, no evidence supports the hypothesis in vivo to date. Methods Based on biological diagnosis criteria, we divided subjects into 5 groups by setting the CSF cutoff point at 192 pg/ml for Aβ 1-42 (A) and 23 pg/ml for P-tau 181 (T): Group 0, cognitively normal (CN) with normal Aβ 1-42 and P-tau 181 (A−T−); Group 1, CN with A+T−; Group 2, CN with A+T+; Group 3, mild cognitive impairments (MCI) with A+T+; Group 4, AD with A+T+. We defined the memory circuit as the hippocampus (HP), cingulum-angular bundles (CAB), and precuneus cortex, respectively representing the starting point, core connecting fiber, and connected downstream cortex. Then we assessed the HP subfields volume, CAB diffusion metric (whole tract-level and waypoint-wise), and precuneus volume. Finally, we correlated neuroimaging measures with cognitive and neuropathological data. Results Along AD continuum, HP subfields volume initially increased and then decreased, starting from the early stage (CN with A+T-). CAB integrity loss on both whole tract-level and waypoint-wise in MCI and AD with A+T+ and progressed along AD continuum. Regarding precuneus, we only found the decreased volume in MCI and AD with A+T+, with CN stage spared. Further, memory circuit structure impairment correlated with more AD neuropathology and worse memory profile. Conclusion Our results support the tau propagation theory in the memory circuit, suggested that the memory circuit impairments starting from the HP, then propagating to the downstream projection tract and cortex.

Download Full-text

Effect of simultaneous blockade of androgen and estrogen receptors on prostate cancer: In vivo study.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2013.31.6_suppl.214 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (6_suppl) ◽

pp. 214-214

Author(s):

Rafael Nunez-Nateras ◽

Erin N. Ferrigni ◽

Naomi M. Gades ◽

Erik P. Castle

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Control Group ◽

Group 4 ◽

Combined Administration ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 5 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Castrate Resistant ◽

Group 1

214 Background: In our preliminary in vitro studies, we have demonstrated evidence of enhanced apoptosis and inhibition of cellular proliferation in both hormone sensitive and castrate resistant prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines using a combination of an antiandrogen (Bicalutamide) and a selective estrogen receptor modulator (Raloxifene). The aim of this study was to study the effect of the administration of these two drugs in in vivo models of castrate resistant PCa. Methods: In vivo model consisted on NCr Nude: Mice bearing s.c. human prostate (PC3 cell line) xenografts. Based on the treatment received, mice were divided into 5 groups as follows: Group 1: No drugs (control); Group 2: Bicalutamide 50mg; Group 3: Raloxifene 60 mg; Group 4: Combined administration of Bicalutamide 50 mg and Raloxifene 60 mg; Group 5 Combined administration of Bicalutamide 150 mg and Raloxifene 120 mg. A total of 10 mice where included in each group. All drugs dosages were converted to their equivalent in the mice. Drugs were administered by gavage technique to the mice once per day for a total of 14 days. Results: As expected, Bicalutamide administered alone causes minimal inhibition without reaching statistical significance (Group 2: 0.34 g Vs Group 1: 0.40 g; p=0.073). Although Raloxifene causes some marked growth inhibition, its effect is not statistically significant (Group 3: 0.31 Vs Group 1: 0.40 g; p=0.062). Bicalutamide and Raloxifene, when administered in combination, induced prominent growth inhibition in PC3 tumors when compared to the control group (Group 4: 0.26 g Vs Group 1: 0.40 g; p=0.038). Growth inhibition is significantly more evident when the drugs dosages are increased (Group 5: 0.17 g Vs Group 1: 0.40 g; p=0.024). Conclusions: The simultaneous administration of Bicalutamide and Raloxifene appears to have a synergistic effect on tumor growth inhibition in PC3 xenografts. The pathway(s) responsible for this observation may be independent of the androgen receptor as PC3 cells are AR negative and still affected by the combination over the drugs administered alone. Research is warranted to identify these potential pathways.

Download Full-text

Reduced LH sensitivity in vivo and in vitro of corpora lutea induced during anoestrus by GnRH, and during the late breeding season, in Scottish Blackface ewes

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.1.05918 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 183 (3) ◽

pp. 517-526 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

T A Bramley ◽

D Stirling ◽

G S Menzies ◽

D T Baird

Keyword(s):

Breeding Season ◽

High Plasma ◽

Corpora Lutea ◽

Plasma Progesterone ◽

Group 4 ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Scottish Blackface ewes were synchronised in mid-breeding (November; group 1; n=12 ewes) or late-breeding season (March; group 2; n=16). Anoestrous ewes (May) were treated with progestagen sponges for 7 days and then given 250 ng GnRH 3-hourly for 24 h, 2-hourly for 24 h and hourly for a further 24 h (group 3; n=12). A second group of anoestrous ewes (group 4, n=19) received three bolus injections (30 μg) of GnRH at 90-min intervals without progestagen pretreatment. After ovulation, ewes were bled twice daily until slaughter (day 4 or day 12: oestrus=day 0). Mid-breeding season (group 1) and anoestrous ewes in group 3 formed ‘adequate’ corpora lutea (CL) with high plasma progesterone levels (3–4 ng/ml) maintained for at least 12 days, and responded in vivo to ovine LH (oLH) (10 μg) with a rise in plasma progesterone on day 11 (group 3, but not group 1, ewes also responded on day 3). CL minces from these ewes responded to human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in vitro with a dose-dependent increase in progesterone secretion. Ewes in group 4 had a foreshortened luteal phase (8–10 days) and low plasma progesterone levels (~1 ng/ml), consistent with formation of inadequate CL. LH injection failed to induce a significant plasma progesterone increase. Furthermore, although progesterone secretion in vitro in response to maximally stimulating doses of hCG or dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) was similar to that in adequate CL, the sensitivity of these CL to hCG (EC (effective concentration)50, 1 IU hCG/ml) was reduced 10-fold compared with adequate CL (EC50, 0.1 IU hCG/ml; P<0.01). Ewes that ovulated in the late breeding season (group 2) had high plasma progesterone, although levels began to decrease after day 10. Injection of oLH in vivo increased plasma progesterone. However, sensitivity to hCG in vitro (EC50, 0.5 IU hCG/ml) was intermediate between that of adequate luteal tissue (groups 1 and 3; EC50, 0.1 IU/ml) and that of group 4 ewes (EC50, 1 IU hCG/ml). Our data demonstrate a markedly reduced luteal sensitivity to LH in vivo and hCG in vitro in Scottish Blackface ewes with inadequate CL, and suggest that a similar loss of sensitivity to LH may occur in the late breeding season.

Download Full-text

EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC (IN VIVO) ACTIVITY OF ARIFLEX TABLET IN COMPARISON WITH DICLOFENAC AND ACECLOFENAC USING ACETIC ACID INDUCED WRITHING MODEL IN MICE

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2021.v14i8.42188 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 90-93

Author(s):

SANJAY NIPANIKAR ◽

CHITLANGE SS

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Analgesic Activity ◽

Diclofenac Sodium ◽

Gouty Arthritis ◽

Control Group ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Group 4 ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2

Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate analgesic activity of Ariflex Tablet which is a polyherbal formulation conceptualized and developed by Ari Healthcare Private in comparison to Aceclofenac and Diclofenac Tablet. Methods: Albino mice of either sex weighing 20–25 g were taken and divided into four groups with six animals in each group. Group 1 (Controlled Group) animals were starved overnight. Group 2 animals were orally administered with Diclofenac Tablet as Standard drug. Group 3 animals were orally administered with Aceclofenac Tablet as Standard drug and Group 4 Animals were orally administered with Ariflex Tablet. The test and standard drugs were orally administered with feeding needle after 1 h of injecting 1% acetic acid intraperitoneally in volume of 0.1 ml/10 g body weight. Writhing episodes were recorded for 30 min by counting the stretching. Results: All the tested formulations possess analgesic activity in acetic acid induced writhing model. Aceclofenac possesses strong analgesic activity compared to other formulations tested. In Ariflex Tablet Group, the number of writhes was 120.6±41.4. If compared to control group, the number of writhes was significantly less suggesting analgesic activity of Ariflex Tablet. Analgesic activity of Ariflex Tablet was close to that of Diclofenac Sodium. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Ariflex Tablet possesses significant analgesic activity. Ariflex Tablet can be used in the management of Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Gouty arthritis, Lumbago, Sciatica, and Spondylitis.

Download Full-text

In-Vivo Study of Green Synthesised Gold Nanoparticles on Inflammatory Cytokines as Diagnostic Biomarker in Acetaminophen Induced Immunotoxicity in Rat Model

10.21203/rs.3.rs-629788/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mousumi Mitra ◽

Sudeep Mitra ◽

Dilip Kumar Nandi

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Day Treatment ◽

High Surface ◽

Surface Reactivity ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Group 4 ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2

Abstract Nanomedicines are widely used as possible therapeutics and diagnostics for wide variety of diseases. It have been used for successful delivery of hydrophilic and hydrophobic small molecules drugs, and biomacromolecules, such as enzymes, recombinant proteins, peptides, hormones, monoclonal antibodies and also used for the delivery of nucleic acids of different sizes and structures.Gold nanoparticles possess promising ameliorative effects due to their distinctive properties such as high surface reactivity, biocompatibility, flexibility in functionalization and a broad range of delivery targets. This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of green synthesised gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using aqueous bark extract of Terminaliaarjunaon acetaminophen induced immunotoxicityin the experimental rat model.Group1- Control group; Group 2- Acetaminophen administered intraperitoneally at concentration of 500mg /kg of body weight for 14 days; Group 3- Co-administration of Terminaliaarjuna aqueous bark extract (175µg/kg/day) along with acetaminophen (500mg/kg/day) treatment for 14 days; Group 4- Co-administration of AuNPs (175µg/kg/day) along with acetaminophen treatment (500mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally for 14 days. After 14 days all animals were sacrificed for the immunological analysis.Immunological analysis revealed that there was significant decrease in the IL-10 level with acetaminophen treatment but marked increase in the KIM-1, Cystatin C, TNF-alpha and, IL-18 level.After co-administration with AuNPs along with acetaminophen showed effective significant recovery in theexpression of inflammatory biomarkers. Hence, the results highlighted on the protective effectsAuNPs against acetaminophen inducedimmunotoxity.

Download Full-text