scholarly journals Diffuse Midline Glioma, H3K27M-mutant Subtype, Confused for Viral Encephalitis: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Weidong Yang ◽  
Cong Fu ◽  
Yiyao Cao ◽  
Zhijuan Chen ◽  
Qing Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Cns Midline ◽  
Diffuse Midline Glioma

The diffuse midline glioma, H3K27M-mutant subtype, occurs mainly in children as a result of mutations in the histone H3 (H3F3A) and HIST1H3B (K27M) genes and is characterized by diffuse tumor growth in central nervous system (CNS) midline structures. Due to its nonspecific clinical manifestations, viral encephalitis is often confused with other central nervous system diseases. In this case, we reported a young male patient who was admitted to the hospital chiefly complaining of “diplopia for more than two months and aggravated walking instability for more than 10 days”. After admission, relevant patient blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests were completed, and no obvious abnormalities were found. Chest CT suggested pulmonary infection; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and contrast-enhanced CT, PET-CT and other imaging examinations of the head all indicated a high possibility of viral encephalitis. Symptoms of fever were improved in the patient after treatment with antiviral therapy and anti-infection therapy. However, symptoms of neurological function loss, such as double vision and adverse right limb movement, persisted. Finally, stereotactic biopsies of deep brain lesions were carried out and sent to the pathology department, which led to a diagnosis of diffuse midline glioma, H3K27M-mutant subtype (WHO IV). His family chose to perform conservative treatment in another hospital, and the patient died four months later. To conclude, when clinical symptoms of suspected viral encephalitis appear in the course of diffuse midline glioma, it can result in confusion regarding clinical diagnosis and treatment. Clinicians should ensure proper early recognition and identification of the disease.

Insights into the biomarkers of viral encephalitis from clinical patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khushafa Thekra ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Zhaojun Zeng ◽  
Jiameng Sun ◽  
Haixia Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
Variable Level ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Cognitive Problems

Abstract Background Biomarkers can be helpful in identifying patients who may profit by explicit treatments or evaluating the reaction to the treatment of specific disease. Finding unique biomarkers in the process of disease could help clinicians in identifying serious disease in the early stage, so as to improve prognosis. Objective These investigations, nonetheless, have made constrained progress. Numerous infections are known to cause intense viral encephalitis (VE) in people which can cause a variable level of meningeal just as parenchymal aggravation. Initial clinical manifestations in most encephalitis are nonspecific, resembling a viral-like illness. However, with disease progression, symptoms can become quite severe and fatal, including prominent cranial hypertension, cognitive problems, cerebral hernia, and respiratory failure. Forwards The clinical and research center discoveries in huge numbers of those viral issues are to a great extent comparable and in this way increasingly explicit biomarkers for indicative and prognostic intentions are justified. These biomarkers are progressively significant in the acknowledgment and treatment of the viral central nervous system (CNS) issue. Conclusion Clinical manifestations have been the indicative approaches for analysis of viral encephalitis. Lots of studies have been endeavored to distinguish progressively objective laboratory-based quantitative CSF biomarkers for VE.

scholarly journals A Neurotoxocariasis Case Manifesting Multiple Cerebral Infarction and Eosinophilic Meningoencephalitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-335
Author(s):  
SangJoon Kang ◽  
Jaeyoung Park ◽  
Hoe Jong Jeong ◽  
Jae-Jeong Joo ◽  
Seungmin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Increased Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Multiple Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Eosinophilic Meningoencephalitis

Although Toxocara canis is known to cross the blood-brain barrier, central nervous system involvement is uncommon. Clinical manifestations vary and include cerebral infarction, meningoencephalitis, myelitis, vasculitis or seizure. However cerebral infarction and meningoencephalitis rarely occur simultaneously. We report a case of multiple cerebral infarction combined with eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in a patient with neurotoxocariasis. After control of increased intracranial pressure and treatment with albendazole and steroid, the patient’s clinical symptoms improved markedly.

scholarly journals Neurological pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): from virological features to clinical symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Kase ◽  
Hideyuki Okano
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Cns Disorders ◽  
Neural Disorders

AbstractSince the worldwide outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 2020, various research reports and case reports have been published. It has been found that COVID-19 causes not only respiratory disorders but also thrombosis and gastrointestinal disorders, central nervous system (CNS) disorders, and peripheral neuropathy. Compared to other disorders, there are low number of research reports and low number of summaries on COVID-19-related neural disorders. Therefore, focusing on neural disorders, we outline both basic research and clinical manifestations of COVID-19-related neural disorders.

DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF SPECIFIC ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS IN BRAIN OF PATIENTS WITH NEUROINFECTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1437-1441
Author(s):  
Pavel Dyachenko ◽  
Igor Filchakov ◽  
Anatoly Dyachenko ◽  
Victoria Kurhanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Intrathecal Synthesis ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Mrz Reaction ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction: Viral encephalitis accounts for 40-70% of all cases worldwide, central nervous system infections pose a diagnostic challenge because clinical manifestations are not typically pathognomonic for specific pathogens, and a wide range of agents can be causative. The aim: To assess the diagnostic value of intrathecal synthesis of specific antibodies in patients with inflammatory lesions of the central nervous system. Materials and methods: Within the framework of the study, two groups of 90 people in each were formed from the patients with neuroinfections admitted to our Center. Intrathecal synthesis (ITS) of total (unspecific) IgG in members of one of group (group of compare) was determined. Brain synthesis of specific antibodies (Ab) to some neurotropic pathogens (herpes simplex virus 1/2, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella zoster virus, rubella virus, Borrelies) was studied in the second group of patients (group of interest). There were no statistically significant differences between groups by gender and age. Encephalitis and encephalomyelitis prevailed among patients of both groups Results: ITS of total IgG was established in 30 (33.3 ± 6.1 %) patients of the first group with IgG index more than 0.6 indicating on inflammatory process in CNS and no marked changes of CSF. ITS of specific Ab was determined in 23 of 90 (25.6 ± 4.6 %) patients included into group of interest. In more than half of cases Ab to several infectious agents were detected simultaneously. ITS of various specificity, in particular, to measles and rubella viruses, and VZV, known as MRZ-reaction, is characteristic of some autoimmune lesions of CNS, multiple sclerosis first of all. In fact, further research of 5 patients with MRZ-reaction confirmed their autoimmune failure of CNS. Detection of ITS in the CSF samples didn’t depend on concentration of specific Ab in serum and CSF and wasn’t followed by HEB dysfunctions which were observed with the same frequency in patients with or without ITS (13.0 % and 13.6 % respectively). Conclusion: Specific Ab synthesis to several neurotropic pathogens in the CSF of significant part of examined patients was established. Thus, diagnostic value of ITS of specific immunoglobulins seems to be limited to cases in which autoimmune damage of the CNS is suspected.

scholarly journals Exacerbated Pathology of Viral Encephalitis in Mice with Central Nervous System-Specific Autoantibodies

2007 ◽  
Vol 170 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renaud Burrer ◽  
Michael J. Buchmeier ◽  
Tom Wolfe ◽  
Joey P.C. Ting ◽  
Ralph Feuer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Viral Encephalitis

CHRONIC LEAD ENCEPHALOPATHY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-315
Author(s):  
Harry H. White ◽  
Fred D. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Fast Screening ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Lead Encephalopathy ◽  
Urinary Coproporphyrin

Chronic lead encephalopathy must be considered in the differential diagnosis of pediatric patients who present with manifestations of schizophrenia, behavior disorders or degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. Determination of urinary coproporphyrin is a simple, fast screening procedure applicable to office practice. The prognosis for normal mental development following encephalopathy is poor. It is hoped that early recognition of the more subtle signs of central nervous system involvement will allow treatment to be instituted soon enough to prevent the crippling mental deterioration which is so often a sequela of lead poisoning.

Primary Leptomeningeal Gliomatosis in Children and Adults: A Morphological and Molecular Comparative Study With Literature Review

Neurosurgery ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnault Tauziede-Espariat ◽  
Andre Maues de Paula ◽  
Melanie Pages ◽  
Annie Laquerriere ◽  
Emilie Caietta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Malignant Gliomas ◽  
Leptomeningeal Gliomatosis ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Mean

Abstract BACKGROUND: Primary leptomeningeal gliomatosis (PLG) is a poorly recognized tumor of the central nervous system. OBJECTIVE: To describe the histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of PLG. METHODS: Results of our multicentric retrospective study of 6 PLG cases (3 pediatric and 3 adult) were compared with literature data. RESULTS: The mean age was 54.7 years for adults and 8.7 years for children, with 3 males and 3 females. Clinical symptoms were nonspecific. Cerebrospinal fluid analyses showed a high protein level often associated with pleocytosis but without neoplastic cells. On neuroimaging, diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement and hydrocephalus were observed, except in 1 case. PLG was mostly misinterpreted as infectious or tumoral meningitis. The first biopsy was negative in 50% of cases. Histopathologically, PLG cases corresponded to 1 oligodendroglioma without 1p19q codeletion and 5 astrocytomas without expression of p53. No immunostaining for IDH1R132H and no mutations of IDH1/2 and H3F3A genes were found. Overall survival was highly variable (2-82 months) but seems to be increased in children treated with chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: This study shows the difficulties of PLG diagnosis. The challenge is to achieve an early biopsy to establish a diagnosis and to begin a treatment, but the prognosis remains poor. PLG seems to have a different molecular and immunohistochemical pattern compared with intraparenchymal malignant gliomas.

scholarly journals Melioidosis- Report of Two Cases

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Biswabikash Mohanty ◽  
◽  
Amitav Rath ◽  
Sidharth Sankar Sahoo ◽  
Sudhir Pattnaik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Septic Shock ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Cerebral Abscess ◽  
Bacteremic Patient

Melioidosis which is caused by burkholderia pseudomallei occurs predominantly in Southeast Asia. Cases are now being reported from india as well. It can present with varying clinical manifestations like pneumonia, septicemia, arthritis, abscess etc. Neurologic meliodiosis, though rare can occur in upto 3-4% cases. Here we present two cases of melioidosis from Indian subcontinent, one involving central nervous system causing cerebral abscess and second one involving multiple splenic and liver abscess with bacteremia. First patient with cerebral abscess was managed with surgical debridement with antibiotics and discharged in a stable condition after 15 days while the bacteremic patient developed septic shock with mutiorgan failure and succumbed to death after 12 days of treatment

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